Scribd
Upload
107 views31 pages

Phased Array-Iris

Phased array ultrasonic inspection allows for faster inspection of complex pipe and pressure vessel welds compared to conventional ultrasonic techniques. Phased array probes use electronic control of the ultrasound beam to perform angled and focused inspections without mechanical movement. Code acceptance criteria for phased array inspection of welds are similar to conventional ultrasonic techniques, requiring flaws above a certain length and amplitude to be considered unacceptable. Phased array inspection provides volumetric 3D representations of welds from dual-sided scans.

Uploaded by

Huỳnh Trương
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views31 pages

Phased Array-Iris

Phased array ultrasonic inspection allows for faster inspection of complex pipe and pressure vessel welds compared to conventional ultrasonic techniques. Phased array probes use electronic control of the ultrasound beam to perform angled and focused inspections without mechanical movement. Code acceptance criteria for phased array inspection of welds are similar to conventional ultrasonic techniques, requiring flaws above a certain length and amplitude to be considered unacceptable. Phased array inspection provides volumetric 3D representations of welds from dual-sided scans.

Uploaded by

Huỳnh Trương
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of

Newly Fabricated Welds

B. Zeller, B. Morningstar and E. Sjerve


IRISNDT Corp.

3rd Annual Conference on Materials and Welding


Calgary, Alberta
July 9th – 10th, 2007

July 2007 1
Phased Array

Omniscan Portable Phased Array Unit


• Battery operated, lightweight
• Field-rugged design for indoor/outdoor use
• Complete stand alone unit
(no computer connection, mouse or keyboard necessary)
July 2007 2
What are Phased Arrays?

•Allows electronic modification of probe characteristics.


•Can produce a variety of different sound beam
characteristics from a single probe
•Any UT technique for flaw detection and sizing can be
applied using phased array probes.
July 2007 3
Why Use Phased Array?

• High speed electronic scanning so faster inspection


• Greater flexibility for inspection of complex geometries
• Superior analysis and display capabilities
• Phased Array in Lieu of RT - Piping (ASME B31.3)
• Phased Array in Lieu of RT - Pressure Vessels (CC2235)
• No radiation, so no need for windows
July 2007 4
Phased-Array Probes

•A linear array (1D) is


basically a long
conventional probe

•Which has been cut into


many small elements that
can be individually
excited

July 2007 5
Phased Array Zero Degree Beam

• No phase delay
• Produce zero degree sound beam

July 2007 6
Beam Indexing

• Activate subset of elements


• Electronic rastering

July 2007 7
Angled Wave Generation

Direction of energy

• Activate elements with linear phase delay


• Generates angled waves
• Amount of energy in angled wave is less than at 0
degrees (for the same gain)
July 2007 8
Focusing

Focussed to cross
at this point

• Activate elements with nonlinear phase delay


• Generates focus of the sound beam

July 2007 9
Linear 1D Probes
Numerous probe designs
• Size and shape depend on
number and size of elements
• PA and transducer technology
allows any shapes: flat, curved,
conical, elliptical . . .
• Standard PA probes for
Omniscan have an upper temp
limit of 40° C

July 2007 10
Phased Array Wedges

•To generate shear waves.


•Generate shear waves at
specific angle (eg. code
angles) but PA probe can
x1
vary angles (within an
approx. 30° range).
•Contoured wedges for
smaller diameter piping
applications.

July 2007 11
A-Scan Display

• Simple presentation showing amplitude of the ultrasonic


signal vs time/distance of a single sound beam
• Commonly used with conventional ultrasonic machines.
July 2007 12
B-Scan Display

• Time/Distance of sound beam vs distance of scan


• Side view: a cross-section through one vertical slice showing the depth
of reflectors with respect to their linear position.
July 2007 13
C-Scan Display

• Length of scan vs length of index


• Top view: Colour represents the signal amplitude at each
point in the test piece mapped to its x-y position.
July 2007 14
Sectorial Scan Display
Phased Array Probe

N Angles N Angles

BW
BW
• True depth vs projected sound path
• Side view: A 2D display cross-sectional view made from a
series of A-scans that have been plotted with respect to
projected distance, time delay and refracted angle.
July 2007 15
S-Scan Display

Example Application
Typical Display
• Sweep sound through multiple angles and focus on
area of interest
July 2007 16
Phased Array Inspection of
Piping and Pressure Vessel Welds
•Phased Array in Lieu of RT -
Pressure Vessels (CC2235)
•Phased Array in Lieu of RT -
Piping (ASME B31.3/Case 181)
•Phased Array Screening,
Manual UT Acceptance
•Rapid Inspection, Good POD
•No Radiation Windows
Necessary
July 2007 17
PA Inspection of Pressure Vessel Welds

• Code in place is ASME CC2235


• Accept/reject depends on classifying flaw as surface or sub-surface.
• Materials 0.5 in to 1.0 in thick: the max. flaw length allowed is 0.25 in.
• For thicker materials, calculation becomes more complex.
July 2007 18
PA Inspection of Piping Welds
344.6.2 Acceptance Criteria. A linear-type discontinuity is
unacceptable if the amplitude of the indication exceeds the
reference level and its length exceeds:
(a ) 6 mm ( 14 in.) for T W ≤ 19 mm ( 3 4 in.);
(b) T W 3 for 19 mm < T W ≤ 57 mm (2 14 in.);
(c) 19 mm for T W > 57 mm.

• Code in place is ASME B31.3 (344.6.2 or Case 181)


• 344.6.2 - Linear indications must have sufficient amplitude and length
to be rejectable.
• Case 181 may be used as well. Similar to CC2235 for pressure vessels.
July 2007 19
July 2007
AB WM T-7 T
45 S T E EL

of weld.
AB W M T-7 T
45 S T E EL

A B W MT -7T
45 ST E E L

ABWMT-7T
60 STEEL

ABWMT-7T
60 STEEL

ABWMT-7T
60 STEEL

ABWMT-7T
60 STEEL
Weld Inspections – Conventional UT

• Single angle probe must be scanned to cover full volume

20
Weld Inspections – Phased Array

Access to both sides:

SA1 N55S IHC


SA1 N55S IHC
Double-sided scan
Preferred

SA1 N55S IHC

Single-sided scan:
eg. Pipe to Fitting

SA1 N55S IHC


O O
70 40

July 2007 21
Electronic Scanning-Shear Wave

Conventional Automated UT - Phased Array

• Reduces inspection times: faster than automated conventional


ultrasonic systems.
• Can use optimum angles for weld inspection, e.g. for lack of
penetration on automated welds.
July 2007 22
Single-Sided Weld Inspection

• No indications – only geometry


July 2007 23
Single-Sided Weld Inspection

• Indications found. Cursors aid in sizing


July 2007 24
Double-Sided Weld Inspection

SA1 N55S IHC

SA1 N55S IHC


O

70 O

40

• Capture data from both sides in one scan.


• Software can merge data from both sides into a
single 3D volumetric representation of weld.

July 2007 25
Double-Sided Weld Inspection - Examples

• Scan of calibration block with known defects.


• Some indications stronger one side. Manual UT follow-up important
July 2007 26
Double-Sided Weld Inspection - Examples

• Scan covers large area – appears compressed. Zoom to examine.


• Good example of cap geometry. Examine more closely in next slide.
July 2007 27
Double-Sided Weld Inspection - Examples

• Only one side displayed for clarity.


• Indication at edge of weld cap. Manual UT confirmed cap geometry.
July 2007 28
Double-Sided Weld Inspection - Examples

• Scan on same pressure vessel. Same length of scans.


• Indications found. Examine more closely in next slide.
July 2007 29
Double-Sided Weld Inspection - Examples

• Only one side displayed for clarity.


• Indication not root or cap geometry. Manual UT confirmed defect.
July 2007 30
Phased Array Advantages
Portable phased arrays have
major advantages for:
• High speed inspections
• Set-up flexibility
• Multiple inspection angles
and wave modes
• Limited access inspections
• Code inspections in lieu of
RT (no radiation windows)
July 2007 31

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy