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Masonary Structure

The document discusses masonry structures, including different types like load bearing walls, reinforced walls, hollow walls, and post-tensioned walls. It also discusses structural properties and allowable stresses. Specifically, it describes six types of masonry construction: brick, stone, concrete block, veneer, gabion, and composite. For each type, it provides brief details about materials and applications. The document aims to provide information to answer exam questions on masonry structures.

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Rachana Goli
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70 views10 pages

Masonary Structure

The document discusses masonry structures, including different types like load bearing walls, reinforced walls, hollow walls, and post-tensioned walls. It also discusses structural properties and allowable stresses. Specifically, it describes six types of masonry construction: brick, stone, concrete block, veneer, gabion, and composite. For each type, it provides brief details about materials and applications. The document aims to provide information to answer exam questions on masonry structures.

Uploaded by

Rachana Goli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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B ARCH SEM:- IV

SUBJECT:- THEORY OF STRUCTURE-IV

NAME OF TOPIC:- Masonry Structure :- Introduction, Structural property, allowable stresses

Question asked in University Exam

1) State and explain different types of masonry structure…………….


2) Explain in details structural properties and allowable stresses in masonry structure…... .
for 6 or 7 Marks

Masonry Structure

Masonry consists of building structures by laying individual masonry units


(brick, concrete block, stone, etc). Normally the masonry units are laid
with cement mortar, which binds them together to create a structure.
Masonry construction can provide beautiful walls and floors at economical
prices. Due to the individual masonry units, masonry construction tends to
be quite labor intensive. Because of the cement, clay or stone nature of the
masonry materials, masonry construction tends to be durable and often
requires little maintenance.

TYPES OF MASONRY STRUCTURE

1. Load Bearing Masonry Walls

Load bearing masonry walls are constructed with bricks, stones or


concrete blocks. These walls directly transfer loads from the roof to the
foundation. These walls can be exterior as well as interior walls. The
construction system with load bearing walls are economical than the
system with framed structures. The thickness of load bearing walls is
based on the quantity of load from roof it has to bear. For example a load
bearing wall with just a ground floor can have its outer walls of 230mm,
while with one or more floors above it, based on occupancy type, its
thickness may be increased.

The load bearing walls can be reinforced or unreinforced masonry walls.


Load Bearing Masonry Walls

2. Reinforced Masonry Walls

Reinforced masonry walls can be load bearing walls or non-load bearing


walls. The use of reinforcement in walls helps it to withstand tension
forces and heavy compressive loads. The un-reinforced masonry walls are
prone to cracks and failure under heavy compressive loads and during
earthquakes. They have little ability to withstand lateral forces during
heavy rain and wind. Cracks also develop in un-reinforced masonry walls
due to earth pressure or differential settlement of foundations.

To overcome such problems, reinforced masonry walls are used.


Reinforcement in walls are at required intervals both horizontally and
vertically is used. The size of reinforcement, their quantity and spacing are
determined based on the loads on the walls and structural conditions.
3. Hollow Masonry Walls

Hollow or Cavity masonry walls are used to prevent moisture reaching the interior of the building by
providing hollow space between outside and inside face of the wall. These walls also helps in
temperature control inside the building from outside wall as the hollow space restricts heat to pass
through the wall.

Hollow Masonry Wall

Fig: Hollow Masonry Wall

3. Hollow Masonry Walls


Hollow or Cavity masonry walls are used to prevent moisture reaching the interior of the
building by providing hollow space between outside and inside face of the wall. These walls also
helps in temperature control inside the building from outside wall as the hollow space restricts
heat to pass through the wall.

Fig: Hollow Masonry Wall


When the wall is exposed to moisture for a sustained period and penetrates through the outer
face, the water reaches the cavity or the hollow space and flows down. Then they are drained
through the weep holes to the exterior of the building. These hollow spaces may be coated with
water repellent coating or damp-proofing to further reduce the ingress of moisture.
4. Composite Masonry Walls

These walls are constructed with two or more units such as stones or bricks and hollow bricks.
This type of masonry wall construction is done for better appearance with economy.

In composite masonry walls, two types of masonry units are constructed bonding with each
other. While one type can be brick or stone masonry while the other can be hollow bricks. A both
is a continuous vertical section of masonry one unit in thickness.
These are interconnected either by horizontal joint reinforcement or by using steel ties.

5. Post-tensioned Masonry Walls

Post-tensioned masonry walls are constructed to strengthen the masonry walls against the forces
that may induce tension in the wall such as earthquake forces or wind forces.
These walls are constructed from the foundation level and post-tensioning rods are anchored into
the foundation. These rods are run vertically between the wythes or in the core of concrete
masonry units.

Post-tensioned Masonry Wall After the masonry wall construction is completed and cured, these
rods are tensioned and anchored on the steel place at the top of the wall.
Some of the important masonry construction based on the material used are briefly explained.

1. Brick Masonry Construction

Brick masonry construction makes use of first-class burnt clay bricks. For less important construction,
third class bricks are used in masonry. Second class bricks are best for masonry construction that is
plastered as it lacks finish compared with first class bricks.

Fig.1.Brick Masonry Construction

The overall tensile strength offered by the brick masonry is less and is irrespective of the class of brick
chosen. Overall performance depends on the size, position, and number of openings provided to the
masonry structure.

2. Stone Masonry Construction

Stone is the most durable, strong and weather-resistant construction material compared with any
others. These are less affected by daily wear and tear. Masonry structures made out of stone hence
last for a longer period. It has a life period of 300 to 1000 plus years. Due to it’s numerous
advantageous, it is widely used in masonry construction.

Stone Masonry Construction

Fig.2. Stone Masonry Construction


Stone masonry has two main classifications:

Rubble Masonry

Ashlar Masonry

Rubble Masonry is again classified into:

Uncoursed or Coursed Random Rubble Masonry

Uncoursed or Coursed Square Masonry

Polygonal Rubble Masonry

Dry Rubble Masonry

Ashlar masonry is again classified into:

Ashlar Fine Masonry

Ashlar Block in Course

Ashlar Chamfered Masonry

Ashlar Rough Tooled Masonry

Rock or Quarry Faced Masonry


3. Concrete Masonry Construction
In concrete masonry construction, the concrete blocks are pressed on the top of other similar to
brick masonry construction. This creates a staggered formation. The dimension of concrete
blocks is larger compared to bricks, so less time is required to lay concrete blocks.

Concrete block construction hence is popular as it is affordable and gain high fire resistance. The
concrete masonry blocks come in various sizes, shapes, and special forms thus making it a versatile
construction material. It is highly used in the construction of factories, schools and residential
buildings

4. Veneer Masonry Construction


This masonry construction is a type mainly used for remodeling and to provide interior finish. It
gives the appearance of a stone or brick wall with a better economy and insulation. Veneer
masonry units can be placed on the existing concrete wall giving a better appearance.
5. Gabion Masonry Construction
Gabions are baskets made out of zin protected steel or so-called galvanized steel that is filled
with medium-sized fractured stones. These gabions act as a single unit. It behaves like a
revetment or retaining walls.

These masonry units are well-drained and flexible in nature. Hence have high resistance to
horizontal pressure like water floes, soil flow, frost damage and floods. Commonly used gabions
are rectangular in nature. The durability of gabions depend on the corrosion resistance property
of the steel used for gabion baskets.
6. Composite Masonry Construction

A composite masonry construction makes use of two or more types of building materials for the
construction. These masonry constructions are employed to increase the appearance of the
building and to use available material resources with the utmost economy.

STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES AND ALLOWABLE STRESSES IN MASONRY STRUCTURE

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