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Cell Types

Cell type is useful for classifying organisms as either simple or complex. Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cell - they lack organelles and a nucleus, have circular DNA floating in the cytoplasm, and are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex - they have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus, linear DNA surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and can be multicellular. While both cell types share some similarities like membranes and DNA, cell structure distinguishes prokaryotes as simpler and eukaryotes as more advanced.

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119 views16 pages

Cell Types

Cell type is useful for classifying organisms as either simple or complex. Prokaryotic cells are the simplest type of cell - they lack organelles and a nucleus, have circular DNA floating in the cytoplasm, and are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are more complex - they have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and a nucleus, linear DNA surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and can be multicellular. While both cell types share some similarities like membranes and DNA, cell structure distinguishes prokaryotes as simpler and eukaryotes as more advanced.

Uploaded by

yvette
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell Type

What would happen


if all organisms
remained simple or
complex?

What is your
basis for
classifying the
organisms as
simple or
complex?
Essential Question:
How useful is the cell type in
classifying organisms?
Cellular Membrane/Plasma
Membrane
Fundamental
Cell Structural Cytoplasm
Parts
Genetic material (Nucleus,
DNA)
before
Nut or nucleus

true
Nut or nucleus
Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes are the simplest type of cell.
• Prokaryotes unicellular organisms that are found in all
environments.
• Prokaryotes do not have a nuclear membrane . Their circular
shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm.
• Prokaryotes do not have membrane-bound organelles .
• Prokaryotes have a simple internal structure.
• Prokaryotes are smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes.
Shapes of Prokaryotes
• Cocci =
spherical
(round)
• Bacillus =
(rod shaped)
• Spirilla =
helical
(spiral)
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotes are generally more advanced than prokaryotes
• Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic material (DNA)
• Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have several different parts
• Eukaryote’s organelles have coverings known as membranes
• Eukaryotes have a complex internal structure
• Eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes in size
Eukaryotic
Mitochondria
Cells
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

Golgi Complex Endoplasmic


Reticulum

Cell
Membrane
Review:
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
• Organelles Membrane • Organelle Membrane
• Organelles lack a membrane • Organelles covered by a membrane
• Covering of Genetic Material • Covering of Genetic Material
• Genetic material floats in the cytoplasm • Membrane covered Genetic material
(DNA and RNA)
Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells
• Orientation of DNA • Orientation of DNA
• Circular DNA • Linear DNA
• Number of Cells • Number of Cells
• Unicellular • May be multicellular or unicellular
• Cell Size • Cell Size
• Cells are smaller in size • Cells are larger in size
• Number of Example of Organisms • Number of Example of Organisms
• Has larger number of organisms • Has smaller number of organisms
How do the similarities line up?

• Both types of cells have cell


membranes (outer covering of the
cell)
• Both types of cells have ribosomes
• Both types of cells have DNA
• Both types of cells have a liquid
environment known as the
cytoplasm

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