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Class 8 - Science - Chemical Effects of Electric Current

This document contains a chapter summary and questions from the NCERT Class 8 Science textbook on the chemical effects of electric current. It discusses how solutions of acids, bases and salts can conduct electricity. When a current is passed through a conducting solution, chemical reactions occur that can decompose the solution into ions. This is known as the chemical effect of electric current. One example given is how passing a current through copper sulfate solution causes copper ions to deposit on the cathode. The document also contains sample questions and answers that test understanding of conductivity, electroplating, and safety precautions around electricity and water.

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Sougrakpam S
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949 views7 pages

Class 8 - Science - Chemical Effects of Electric Current

This document contains a chapter summary and questions from the NCERT Class 8 Science textbook on the chemical effects of electric current. It discusses how solutions of acids, bases and salts can conduct electricity. When a current is passed through a conducting solution, chemical reactions occur that can decompose the solution into ions. This is known as the chemical effect of electric current. One example given is how passing a current through copper sulfate solution causes copper ions to deposit on the cathode. The document also contains sample questions and answers that test understanding of conductivity, electroplating, and safety precautions around electricity and water.

Uploaded by

Sougrakpam S
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NCERT Solutions for Class 8

Science

Chapter 14 – Chemical Effects of Electric Current

1. Fill in the blanks.

(a) Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of ________, _______ and
________.

(b) The passage of an electric current through a solution causes _________


effects.

(c) If you pass current through copper sulphate solution, copper gets deposited
on the plate connected to the __________ terminal of the battery.

(d) The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material
by means of electricity is called _________.

Ans:

(a) Most liquids that conduct electricity are solutions of acids, bases and salts.

(The solutions of acids, bases, and salts can conduct electricity because they
produce ions when dissolved in water and allow an electric current to pass
through them.)

(b) The passage of an electric current through a solution causes chemical effects.

(A chemical reaction occurs when an electric current passes through a conducting


solution. As a result, the solution decomposes into positive and negative ions.
This process of decomposition of the solution is known as the chemical effect of
electric current.)

(c) If you pass current through copper sulphate solution, copper gets deposited on
the plate connected to the negative terminal of the battery.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 1


(Copper sulphate decomposes into positively charged copper ions and negatively
charged sulphate ions when an electric current is passed through it. These
positively charged copper ions get drawn towards the plate (cathode) connected
to the negative terminal of a battery and get deposited on it.)

(d) The process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by
means of electricity is called electroplating.

One of the most significant uses of the chemical effects of electric current is
electroplating.

2. When the free ends of a tester are dipped into a solution, the magnetic needle
shows deflection. Can you explain the reason?
Ans: The deflection in the magnetic needle of a compass shows that current is
flowing through the wire, i.e., through the circuit. This shows that the circuit is
complete since the free ends of the tester are dipped in a conducting solution. A
conducting solution allows electric current to pass through it and, as a result, the
magnetic needle shows a deflection.

3. Name three liquids, which when tested in the manner shown in Fig. 14.9, may
cause the magnetic needle to deflect.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 2


Ans: Liquids such as lemon juice, saltwater, and vinegar are conducting liquids that
allow electricity to pass through them. Hence, these liquids can be used in the beaker
to show the deflection of the magnetic needle.

4. The bulb does not glow in the setup shown in Fig. 14.10. List the possible
reasons. Explain your answer.

Ans: The bulb may not glow for one or more of the reasons listed below:

(i) The liquid in the beaker is maybe poor conducting. As a result, the electric current
would not be able to flow through the liquid. Hence, the circuit is incomplete.

(ii) The electric current in the circuit is too weak to light the bulb. This can happen
if the material used to make the circuit is not a good conductor of electricity or if
the battery does not have enough energy to generate electricity.
(iii) The liquid may have a very low conductivity. So, the current flowing through
the circuit may be insufficient to produce enough heat in the filament of the bulb to
make it glow.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 3


(iv) The battery may be used up and no longer be capable of generating electricity.
(v) The bulb may be fused.

(vi) Connections are loose.

5. A tester is used to check the conduction of electricity through two liquids,


labelled A and B. It is found that the bulb of the tester glows brightly for liquid
A while it glows very dimly for liquid B. You would conclude that

(i) liquid A is a better conductor than liquid B.

(ii) liquid B is a better conductor than liquid A.

(iii) Both liquids are equally conducting.


(iv) Conducting properties of liquid cannot be compared in this manner.

Ans:

(i) Liquid A is a better conductor than liquid B.

The amount of current flowing through a conducting solution is determined by its


conductivity. The greater the conductivity, the greater the amount of current passing
through the solution, and vice versa. The conductivity of liquid A is greater than the
conductivity of liquid B. Hence, liquid A is a better conductor than liquid B.

6. Does pure water conduct electricity? If not, what can we do to make it


conduct?
Ans: No, pure water does not conduct electricity as it is a poor conductor of
electricity. Pure water (distilled water) is devoid of any salts. They can conduct
electricity when a small amount of common salt is added to them, as the salt solution
allows electricity to pass through.

7. In case of a fire, before the firemen use the water hoses, they shut off the main
electrical supply of the area. Explain why they do this.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 4


Ans: Water usually contains salts and has the ability to conduct electricity. If the
area's electrical supply is not turned off and water is poured on electrical appliances,
electricity may pass through the water. Electricity may harm firemen if they come
in contact with wet electrical switches, electric wires, and other electrical appliances.
They may get electrocuted. That is why, in the case of a fire, the main electrical
supply for the area is shut off before they use the water hoses, to prevent the firemen
from electrocution.

8. A child staying in a coastal region tests the drinking water and also the
seawater with his tester. He finds that the compass needle deflects more in the
case of seawater. Can you explain the reason?
Ans: The amount of dissolved salts present in the seawater is more than the water
we use for drinking purposes. As a result, seawater will conduct electricity better
than drinking water. So, the compass needle shows more deflection in seawater than
in drinking water.

9. Is it safe for the electrician to carry out electrical repairs outdoors during
heavy downpours? Explain.
Ans: No, it is not safe for an electrician to work on electrical appliances outdoors
during a heavy downpour. This is because rainwater contains a small amount of
dissolved salts and acids, making it a good conductor of electricity. So, the
electrician may get electrical shocks while working outdoors during heavy rains or
downpours.

10. Paheli had heard that rainwater is as good as distilled water. So, she
collected some rainwater in a clean glass tumbler and tested it using a tester.
To her surprise, she found that the compass needle show deflection. What could
be the reasons?
Ans: Rainwater contains a small amount of dissolved salts and impurities, making
it a good conductor of electricity. Distilled water does not contain any dissolved salts
or impurities; thus, it is a poor conductor of electricity. Hence, due to the presence
of these salts and impurities, rainwater can allow electricity to pass through it and
cause a deflection in the compass needle, while distilled water cannot.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 5


11. Prepare a list of objects around you that are electroplated.
Ans: The list of electroplated objects around us is as follows:

(i) Chromium plating: This is done on different parts of cars, motorcycles, and
buses, to give them a shiny appearance.

(ii) Gold Plating: A thin layer of gold is deposited by electroplating on the silver
ornaments and they are called gold-plated ornaments.

(iii) Zinc plating: Iron used in constructing buildings, bridges, and automobiles is
coated with a layer of zinc (galvanization). This provides strength and protects the
iron from corrosion and rusting.

12. The process that you saw in Activity 14.7 is used for purification of copper.
A thin plate of pure copper and a thick rod of impure copper are used as
electrodes. Copper from impure rod is sought to be transferred to the thin
copper plate. Which electrode should be attached to the positive terminal of the
battery and why?

Ans: The thick rod of the impure copper plate is to be attached to the positive
terminal of the battery. This is because when the electric current is passed through

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 6


the copper sulphate solution, it gets dissociated into positively charged copper ions
and negatively charged sulphate ions. The free copper, being positively charged, gets
attracted to the negative terminal of the battery and gets deposited on the electrode
(cathode) attached to it. The loss of copper from the copper sulphate solution is
regained from the impure copper rod (anode) connected to the positive terminal of
the battery.

Class VIII Science www.vedantu.com 7

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