ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

(EAPP)

QUARTER1-
MODULE 5:
OUTLINE READING TEXTS IN
VARIOUS DISCIPLINES
MODULE OBJECTIVE:

By the end of this Module, you will be able to outline reading texts in various
disciplines.

MODULE CONTENT:

I: Introduction to the Lesson

II: Objective
III: Vocabulary List
IV: Pre-test
V: Learning Concepts
VI: Practice Tasks
VII: Post-test
VIII: Assignment

MA. LYKA S. REGORIS

12-STEM LAVOISIER
Name/Grade & Section
 QUARTER 1: MODULE 5:
OUTLINE READING TEXTS IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES
WRITTEN ACTIVITY:
Read the learner’s module. Reflect on the content by answering the following questions.

1. What is an outline?
An outline is a summary that gives the essential features of a text. It shows how the
parts of a text are related to one another as parts that are of equal importance, or sections that
are subordinate to a main idea (Valdriz, 2017).

2. What are the steps in creating a reading outline?

Steps in creating a reading outline:
 Read the entire text first. Skim the text afterward.
 Locate the thesis statement of the whole text.
 Look for key phrases in each paragraph of the text.
 Locate the topic sentence of each paragraph.
 Look at the topic sentences and group these with related ideas together.
 Arrange the contents according to levels.
 Evaluate the supporting details.
 Go back to the text to check whether you have followed the sequence closely
and you have not missed any important information.

3. What is the difference between decimal outline and alphanumeric outline? Differentiate in a form of a figure.
Decimal outline only uses numbers as labels while an alphanumeric outline uses both
letters and numbers as labels (Barrot, 2016).

4. What is the difference between a topic outline and a sentence outline?

Topic outline lists words or phrases. It also arranges your ideas which it shows the main
 idea and sub-points, it shows what you will talk about and the sequence you want. While
sentence outline lists complete sentences.

5. What are the four (4) principles in organizing the contents or entries in an outline? Explain briefly.
Four principles in organizing the contents or entries in an outline:
 Coordination- requires ideas of the same relevance to be labeled in the same
way.
 Subordination- shows that minor details must be placed under their respective
major details.
 Division- requires that no cluster should contain only one item. In short, if you
have subheading 1, there should be subheading 2.
 Construction- requires all entries in each cluster to use the same structure and
format.

PERFORMANCE ACTIVITY:

Practice Task 1
Directions: Read the text below and identify the major topic of each paragraph. Choose from the choices provided after
the reading text. Write the answer on a sheet of paper.

Fashion
(1) Fashion is said to have a language that can be read like a text. It serves as an explanation of people's character,
personality, lifestyle and values. It works by using signs and codes which are recognizable to others and transmit
messages. These signs, codes and messages are called semiotics and influence all aspects of our daily lives. Semiotics in
fashion works to convey our identity and in this way, messages can be projected to the outside world.

(2) The earliest types of clothing were body painting and adornments. According to experts it is generally believed that
the aim of these alterations was to modify the body in some way in order to communicate a specific message. In modern
times the aim is largely the same, although the messages are more varied, complex and wide ranging. Nowadays it is
common for people to use clothing, color, fabric, jewelry, hairstyles and even tattoos. Dr. Walker from The Centre for
Fashion Studies asserts that how we style our bodies is one of the most important factors in defining the self.

(3) Fashion is not only used to define the self but also is a powerful tool for group identity. This can be most clearly seen
in youth fashion which is often given a name 9 to help convey the messages of its members. Fashion styles such as goth,
mod and emo have semiotic signs and symbols which can represent values, beliefs and political ideologies. Often these
values and ideas bring young people together who use clothing as a way to identify others who share their philosophy of
life.
(4) On the other hand, the semiotics of fashion can be seen as a product of a consumer-based society where appearance,
especially through clothing, is valued and judged. This leads to people making conclusions about others on the basis of
what they wear. These conclusions are often incorrect and damaging as they attach values and characteristics to people
which they may not actually believe in or possess.

(5) In conclusion fashion can be a useful way to analyze an individual, group, society or time period. Clothing and body
adornment can highlight status, mood, ideas and values. Although semiotics has sometimes been criticized as a tool of
judgment for appearance, it has generally offered a valuable insight into human thought and behavior throughout history.

Paragraph 1: C. Fashion is a like a language

Paragraph 2: G. Fashioning the body for communication
Paragraph 3: B. Fashion as a tool for unifying people
Paragraph 4: D. The effect of consumerism on fashion
Paragraph 5: E. Using fashion to develop cultural knowledge

A. Connecting fashion and character

B. Fashion as a tool for unifying people
C. Fashion is a like a language
D. The effect of consumerism on fashion
E. Using fashion to develop cultural knowledge
F. Explaining fashion with signs
G. Fashioning the body for communication

Practice Task 2
Directions: Read the text below and complete the topic outline that follows.

Origins of Writing
Ancient civilizations attributed the origins of writing to the gods. For the ancient Egyptians, their god Thoth was
the creator of writing and, in some stories, also the creator of speech. The ancient Sumerians and Assyrians also believed
that writing10originated with certain gods, as did the ancient Maya. In Chinese mythology, the creation of writing is
attributed to an ancient sage and was used for communication with the gods. Clearly, writing was highly valued even by
ancient peoples.
Humans began painting pictures on cave walls 25,000 years ago or more; but writing systems did not develop
until groups of people began settling in farming communities. Scholars say that writing systems developed independently
in at least three different parts of the world: Mesopotamia, China, and Mesoamerica.
 The oldest known writing system developed among the ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia around 3000 B.C.
Along with the rise of agricultural societies carne the development of property ownership and the need to keep records of
it. In early agricultural societies, property consisted largely of land, livestock such as cattle, and grain. Originally, clay
tokens of various shapes were used to count these possessions. From this developed a system of impressing the shapes
onto clay tablets. One of the earliest clay tablets of this type was found in excavations in Mesopotamia and dates from the
time of the Sumerian culture. Scribes then began using reeds instead of tokens
to mark the clay, developing a system of wedge-like shapes to represent the tokens. This system of writing using wedge
shapes is known as cuneiform. It was later adopted by other cultures and became the basis for other writing systems.
Originating in a system that used pictures to represent objects, cuneiform writing eventually developed into systems that
used symbols to represent the sounds of language.
The oldest form of Chinese writing dates from around 1500 B.C. It is called oracle
bone script because it was carved on animal bones and shells that were used for predicting the future. At a later period,
Chinese writing appeared on bronze vases and later still developed into a system that was used to record government
affairs. The Chinese writing system was also the original basis for both the Japanese and Korean writing systems.
In Mesoamerica, a region that encompasses parts of Mexico and Central America, it is the ancient Mayans who
are famous for the writing they inscribed on temple walls and other religious structures. However, scholars believe that
writing in that part of the world may have begun before the rise of the Mayan civilization. The Zapotec culture, centered
on Oaxaca, Mexico, was already using writing around 400 B.C., or possibly earlier. The Olmec culture may have
developed a writing system even earlier than that. Recent discoveries show that the Mayans may have begun writing
around 2,300 years ago. They used a system of symbols that represented words and syllables to record information about
the deeds of their rulers as well as information connected to their calendar and astronomy. Their system of writing
survived until the time of the Spanish Conquest in the 1500s.
In ancient times, only specialized people such as scholars, priests, or government officials used writing. Today,
close to three-quarters of the world's adult population can read and write, and literacy is considered a basic skill necessary
to function in the modern world.

Origins of Writing
Thesis Statement: The origin of writing systems can be attributed to ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia, China, and
Mesoamerica.

I. Ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia

A. Recording of property ownership
1. Clay tokens
2. Clay tablets
3. Reeds
4. Cuneiform
II. Oldest form of Chinese writing
 A. Oracle Bone Spirit
1. Used for predicting the future
B. Chinese Writing System
1. Basis for Japanese and Korean writing systems
III. Writing systems in Mesoamerica
A. Ancient Mayans
1. Temple walls and religious structures inscriptions
2. Used a system of symbols
B. Zapotec Culture
1. Writing around 400 B.C.
C. Olmec Culture
1. Developed earlier a writing system

Practice Task 3
Directions: Read the text below and complete the sentence outline that follows. Write the answer only on a sheet of paper.

How Drugs are Studied

It takes years, and sometimes decades, from a drug to move from the theoretical stage to the pharmacy shelf. Of
the thousands of drugs under investigation at any one time, only a small fraction will produce the desired result without
unacceptable side effects.
First, scientists target a step in the disease process where they believe a drug can have an effect. Then, they
manufacture compounds or take them from organisms such as viruses and fungi and test them in laboratory cultures. Once
scientists isolate a chemical that produces a desirable effect, they analyze its structure and alter it as necessary to enhance
the outcome.
The next step involves testing the drugs in animals. Scientists look at how much drug is absorbed into the
bloodstream, how it distributes to different organs, how quickly it is excreted or leaves the body, or whether it has any
toxic effects or byproducts. Researchers usually test at least two animal species because the same drug may affect species
differently.
If a chemical passes laboratory and animal testing and is deemed appropriate to analyze in human volunteers, it is
ready for clinical trials, researchers follow a protocol that describes who may participate in the study, tests and procedures
to follow, the length of the study, and outcomes to be measured. Drug trials may focus on treating a disease, preventing a
disease from occurring or recurring, or enhancing the quality of life for people living with incurable, chronic conditions.
There are four phases of clinical trials; the first three phases study whether the drug is effective and can be safely
administered to patients, and the fourth phase evaluates long-term safety and use once a drug is on the market.
 Phase I clinical trials test a drug in small groups of healthy volunteers (fewer than 100) to ascertain its safety and
the appropriate dose range. These studies last for six months to one year.
Phase II clinical trials test several hundred volunteers to determine how effectively the drug combats the disease
being studied. These trials continue to evaluate safety, side effects, and optimal dose. Phase II studies also last for six
months to one year. Phase III trials test thousands of volunteers for several years, with researchers closely monitoring
study participants at regular intervals. These studies typically compare the drug under investigation with a control: either a
drug known to cure or alleviate a specific disease or, if one does not exist, a substance that has no medicinal effects,
known as a placebo.
Phase III trials are typically blind studies (participants do not know which drug they are receiving) or double-
blind studies (neither participants nor researchers know which drug an individual is receiving until the trial is completed).
Once a drug passes the first three phases and is found to be safe and effective, drug companies may apply for the
right to market the product. After a drug is approved and on the market, Phase IV trials may investigate long-term effects,
effects in different groups of patients such as the elderly, or use of the medication for a different condition
such as using a cancer drug to treat AIDS.

How Drugs are Studied

Thesis Statement: Developing a drug undergoes years of theoretical stages and clinical trials before
selling it to the public.
I. First, scientists target a step in the disease process.
A. They manufacture compounds from viruses and fungi and test them in laboratory.
B. They analyse the structure to enhance the outcome.
II. The next step is testing the drugs on animals.
A. The scientists closely study the drug’s effect on the organs of animals.
B. Researchers examine at least two animals to differentiate the effects.
III. There are four phases of clinical trials for humans after the drug is found effective on
animals.
A. Phase I trials test a drug in small groups of healthy volunteers.
1. The tests are done to ascertain the safe dosage.
2. These trials last for six months to one year
B. Phase II trials test several hundred volunteers.
1. These studies evaluate the safety, side effects and optimal dose.
2. These trials also last for six months to one year.
C. Phase III trials test thousands of volunteers for several years.
1. These studies compare the drug under investigation with a control.
2. These trials are typically blind studies or double-blind studies.
D. Phase IV trials is done after a drug is approved and on the market.
1. These trials investigate long-term effects
 2. These trials also investigate the use of the medication for a different condition.

ASSIGNMENT:

Directions: Read the article below and make an outline, either topic outline or sentence outline. Be guided by the rubric
for outlining.

Learning Styles

There are three basic types of classroom learning styles: visual, auditory and kinesthetic. These learning styles
describe the most common ways that people learn. Individuals tend to instinctively prefer one style over the others; thus,
each person has a learning style that is dominant even though he or she may also rely something on the other approaches
at different times and in different circumstances.
Visual learners prefer to sit somewhere in the classroom where no obstructions hinder their view of the lesson.
They rely on the teacher’s facial expressions and body language to aid their learning. They learn best from a blend of
visual displays and presentations such as colorful videos, diagrams, and flip-charts. Often, these learners think in pictures
and may even close their eyes to visualize or remember something. When they are bored, they look around for something
to watch. Many visual learners lack confidence in their room discussions and lectures.
Auditory learners sit where they can hear well. They enjoy listening and talking, so discussions and verbal
lectures stimulate them. Listening to what other have to say and then talking the subjects through helps them process new
information. These learners may be heard reading to themselves out loud because they can absorb written information
better in this way. Sounding out spelling words, reciting mathematical theories, or talking their way across a map are
examples of the types of activities that improve their understanding.
Kinesthetic learners may find it difficult to sit still in a conversational classroom. They need to be physically
active and take frequent breaks. When they are bored, they fidget in their seats. They prefer to sit someplace where there
is room to move about. They benefit from manipulating materials and learn best when classroom subjects such as math,
science, and reading are processed through hands-on experience. Incorporating arts-and-crafts activities, building projects,
and sports into lessons helps kinesthetic learners process new information. Physical expressions of encouragement, such
as a pat on the back, are often appreciated.
In addition to these traditional ways of describing learning styles, educators have identified other ways some
students prefer to learn. Verbal learners, for example, enjoy using words, both written and spoken. Logical learners are
strong in the areas of logic and reasoning. Social learners do best when working in groups, whereas solitary learners prefer
to work alone. Research shows that each of these learning styles, as well as the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic styles,
uses different parts of the brain. Students
may prefer to focus on just one style, but practicing other styles involves more of the brain’s potential and therefore helps
students remember more of what they learn.
 Teachers who present their lessons using varied techniques that stimulate all learning styles expose students to
both their dominant and less preferred methods of learning, aiding them to more fully reach their potential as learners.

RUBRIC:
Coordination – 25%
Subordination – 25%
Division – 25%
Parallel Construction – 25%
TOTAL – 100%

REFLECTION:

As you are about to move on to the next module, kindly share the obstacles or difficulties that you have
encountered upon answering the concepts or activities? What strategy or intervention did you employ to make it so.

The difficulties that I have encountered upon answering the activities is that first, I can’t
understand the topic and on how to make an outline. So my strategy in answering the activities, is
that I read the topic for several times and understand it carefully. I follow the steps on how to make an
outline to make it easy for me to answer the activities.

Learning Styles

Thesis Statement: These learning styles describe the most common ways that people learn.

I. Visual
 A. Verbal learners, for example, enjoy using words, both written and spoken.
1. Visual learners prefer to sit somewhere in the classroom where no
obstructions hinder their view of the lesson.
2. They rely on the teacher’s facial expressions and body language to aid
their learning.
3. They learn best from a blend of visual displays and presentations such
as colourful videos, diagrams, and flip-charts.
a. Often, these learners think in pictures and may even close their
eyes to visualize or remember something.
b. When they are bored, they look around for something to watch.
II. Auditory
A. Logical learners are strong in the areas of logic and reasoning.
1. Auditory learners sit where they can hear well.
2. They enjoy listening and talking.
a. Verbal lectures stimulate them.
3. Listening to what other have to say and then talking the subjects
through helps them process new information.
a. These learners may be heard reading to themselves out loud
because they can absorb written information better in this way.
III. Kinesthetic
A. Social learners do best when working in groups.
1. Kinesthetic learners may find it difficult to it still in a conversational
classroom.
2. They need to be physically active and take frequent breaks.
a. When they are bored, they fidget in their seats.
3. They prefer to sit someplace where there is room to move about.
4. They benefit from manipulating materials and learn best when
classroom subjects such as math, science, and reading are processed through
hands-on experience.