Volume 7, Issue 9, September – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

PCB Cutting Machine

Pallavi A. Gade Ganesh D. Wagh
Mechanical Engineering. Mechanical Engineering.
Sandip Institute of Technology And Research Centre. Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic.
Nashik, India. Nashik, India.

Vishal N Sulakhe Santosh D Katkade

Mechanical Engineering Dept. Mechanical Engineering
Sandip University, Nashik, India. Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre.
Nashik, India.

Kaustubh Pravin Joshi

Mechanical Engineering
Sandip Institute of Engineering and Management.
Nashik, India.

Abstract:- The goal of this paper is about to assemble a From cleavers to axes, this evolution balances the
printed circuit board-cutting machine. The simplest cutting-action of thin blades with the power and
contemporary evolution in digital technology margin longevity of broad blades. Machining has-been at the
particularly embedded systems have now enabled us to core of constructing all around history. Many methods used
make designing and implementing an automatic printed for hardware and can be assemble according to the physical
circuit board-cutting machine. This machine takes occurrence used.
Printed Circuit Board from one side and cut it into two
separate pieces, in essential size and shape. This paper  Copper Clad Cutting
presents a simple way that will reduce human work and  Chip Forming - Drilling, Turning, Sawing, Milling, Etc.
improves accuracy of cutting the printed circuit board.  Shearing - Stamping, Scissoring, Punching.
System will minimize PCB damage chances by blades  Abrading - Lapping, Polishing, Grinding; Water-Jet.
using the fabrication and covering. Cutting is separation  Heat - Plasma Cutting, Laser Cutting, Flame Cuts.
of physical object, into two or more portions, through the  Electrochemical - Electrical Discharge Machining
application of an acutely directed force. However, any (EDM), Etching .
sharp object is capable of cutting if it has a hardness
sufficiently larger than the object being cutting, when it Each technique has its drawbacks in cost, effect on
applied with sufficient force. Even liquids use to cut material, and accuracy. For e.g., laser cutting is less suitable
things when applied with sufficient force. for large amount of reflective material such as aluminum it
may damage the quality of heat-treated alloys. Laser cutting
Keywords:- Printed Circuit Board, motor, force, Volume. sheet metal produces engraves parts and flat parts from
difficult or easiest designs. It used over other cutting options
I. INTRODUCTION for its specially made capacities and fast operation.
A. Introduction II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Cutting is separating a physics object into two or more
parts by applying a sharply directed force. Common tools for In view of proposed dissertation work concerned,
amputation are knives and saws, or in science and medicine, following few of the researchers have done their
microtome and scalpels. Nevertheless, a piece that is sharp experimental study and investigated results which have been
enough must be sufficiently harder than the piece to be review as follows
cutting and cutting with sufficient force. Even liquids cut
with force. Cutting is a pressure-shear occurrence and can  J.S. Dureja & R. Singh- Taguchi L9 foursquare array has
just occur when total stress created by cutting tool exceeds
carried out for exploratory plan. S/N ratio and ANNOVA
the ultimate strength of the material of the object cutting. The evaluation accomplished on D3 steel to become aware of
simplest equation is stress = force/area. The stress generated giant parameters influencing device put on and floor
by the cutting tool is directly proportional to force applied by roughness. Results represent the slicing pace to be the
the cutting tool and inversely proportional to contact area.
maximum giant thing, influencing flank put on.[1]
Therefore, the smaller the area (i.e. the sharper the cutting
tool), the less force is required to cut something. In general,
 Dr. C.J. Rao et al- result of cutting framework on cutting
the cutting edge is thin for soft materials and thick for hard
force and surface finish during turning. The authors used
materials.
a working thing made of steel 1050 (484.00 HV

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Volume 7, Issue 9, September – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
hardness) and a ceramic tool with an Al203 + Tic matrix  L. Beraneka & K. Kolarikb –an implementation of
(KY1615).[2] design of experiments performed to get turning
parameters such as cutting-speed, cutting-depth and feed
 R. R. & K venketesan- Taguchi's L9 array is use to for duplex-steel. Duplex-steels generally tend to harden
perform Evaluation of dry turning of Inconel718 with mechanically during machining. Feed and cutting speed
carbide inserts. Feed rate found to be the most important have statistically significant effects on the surface
parameter of surface roughness.[3] hardness equations Ra, Rz. A larger factor increases the
surface hardness, but the feed-rate is adjust to the level
 A Mahamani- the Taguchi method was use to get the of 0.1 mm/rev. The effect of the cutting speed factor is
machining equations. The effects of parameters on small.[6]
cutting force and surface roughness when turning
AA2219-TiB2/ZrB2 in situ metal matrix composites  S Thamizhmanii, S. Hasan- the CBN inserts (cutting
investigated. An orthogonal L27 layout was use for the inserts) are used, cryogenically followed at -196 degrees
experiments. Response plots and variance analysis show Celsius. The cutting parameter is the cutting speed due
that feed rate has the greatest effect on roughness force to the feed rate. Cryogenically treated CBN inserts wear
and surface cutting.[4] minimum titanium than AISI 440 carbon steel. Flank
wear formation for titanium alloys was less than AISI
 S. K. Nayak ET. Al. -creation of machining equations 440 CD design of system[7]
while dry turning of austenitic stainless steel IASI 304
performed. Three impact properties surface roughness,
cutting force and MRR measured.[5]

III. DESIGN OF SYSTEM

Fig 1:- Block diagram of the system

 Power Supply: PCBs typically designed using specialized layout software

It is an electronic circuit, which consists of a 230V and that follows these steps:
will turn the motors on for PCB cutting.
Schematic capture using EDA tools. Board dimensions
 Printed Circuit Board: and stencils are determined based on the circuit required and
Initially, circuit boards implemented manually by his PCB package. Components and heating positions are
making a photomask on a clear Mylar-sheet, normally two determined. The number of layers on a printed circuit board
or four times the actual size. Beginning with a schematic, we Specified from one layer to several tens of layers depending
placed the component pin pads on Mylar and routed traces on the complexity. Determine ground and power planes. The
to connect the pads. Increased efficiency through dry power plane is the counterpart to the ground plane and acts
transfer of common component footprints. Traces made with like an AC signal ground, delivering DC power to circuits
adhesive tape. A non-reproducible grid pre-printed on Mylar mounted on the PCB. Signal connections traced at signal
aided in the layout. To create the panel, the completed level. Signal planes placed on both outer and inner layers.
photomask photolithographically reproduced onto a High frequency signals routed on internal layers between
photoresist coating on a bare copper-clad panel. Modern ground and power or for optimal EMI performance.

Fig 2:- Setup diagram

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Volume 7, Issue 9, September – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Line impedance is resolve by dielectric layer thickness, Center distance between two pullies C = 180mm
trace thickness, and trace width. Differential signaling also 1. Inner diameter = 15mm
considers wire separation. Signal routing can be microstrip, 2. Outer diameter = 35mm
stripline, or dual stripline. Placed component. Thermal 3. Shaft diameter = 7.85 mm
refection and geometry taken into account. Vias and lands
are marked. Wired signal line. Electronic design automation To find Tension in belt,
tools typically create spaces and connections for power and (F1−F2)V
P=
1000
ground planes automatically. Gerber files generated for
manufacturing. (F1−F2)X 0.01248
50 X 10-3 = 1000
A. Calculations:
Rpm = 8600 F1 – F2 = 4006.41 N----- (1)
Voltage = 200 / 230 v Center distance between two pullies of motor and pullies
Current = 0.32 Amp output C = 200mm.
D−d
α = sin-1
 Motor pulley Diameter 2C

1. Motor pulley diameter = 30mm (45−30)

2. IP_Shaft pulley diameter = 45mm α = sin-1 2 X 180
3. Reduction ratio = 45/30 = 1.5
4. IP_Shaft speed = 45/1.5 = 30rpm α = 2.3880 (In Degrees)
5. Torque at IP Rear shaft = 1.5 x T α = 2.388 x (ᴨ/180)
= Nm α = 0.0416o (In radians)
𝟐𝛑𝐍𝐓 𝟐𝐱𝛑𝐱
P= = θ = angle of lap of belt
60 60
θ = ᴨ - 2α
 Design Belt Drive = ᴨ – [2 x 0.041] = 3.14 – (0.082)
1. Length = 50 θ = 3.0580(In Radians)
2. Motor pulley Diameter d = θ = 0.0416o (In Degrees)
3. IP_Shaft pulley diameter D =
4. Belt Thickness = 5.30 Coefficient of Friction = 0.23
F1 µθ
 Bear Types Model = 6202 F2
= e^
sin β
1. Inner Diameter = 15mm
2. Outer diameter = 35mm F1 = e^ (0.23 x 3.05)
F2 sin β
 Teeth Blades dimensions
1. Circulator disc blade Teeth = 100 Bearing selection:
2. Slider length = 457.2 mm P = 50 watt
3. Inner width = 2.35 Inner diameter = 12mm
 Layer for protection from dust or cleaning purpose Outer diameter = 44.45 mm
acrylic coating 16” x 16” C = 180mm
L = 160mm
 Design of belt Drive: Slider length (sided double) = 457.2 mm
1. Motor pulley diameter (d) = 30.00mm
2. IP_Shaft pulley diameter (D) = 45.00mm  Shaft
3. Coefficient of friction = 0.230 A shaft; rotating mechanical element is normally
4. Diameter of belt = 5.300 mm circular in cross section, which used to transmit power from
5. Mass of belt per unit length is given by one part to another or from a power-producing machine to a
6.
P = density of belt material = 950.00 kg/m3 power-absorbing machine. Various elements such as pulleys
and gears attached.
Velocity of belt given by,
𝛑𝐝𝐧
V=
𝟔𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
 Shaft Design:
To find the shaft diameter according to ASME code
ᴨ x 5.3 x 45 Actual Shear Stress of Commercial Steel Shaft
= 𝟔𝟎 𝐱 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 sτact = 55N/ mm2
= 0.01248 m/s
= 12.480mm/s T = 𝝅/16 x τact x d^3
0.4774 = 𝝅/16 x 55 x d^3
d=8.3736

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Volume 7, Issue 9, September – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
They classified into two types:  Design stresses
1. A transmission shaft used to transmit power between a Major allowable design stress in bending (tension or
power source and a driven machine. Like countershafts compression) applied as follows:
and vertical shafts.  112 N/mm2 for keyed shaft.
2. A machine shaft is an integral part of the machine itself,  84 N/mm2 for non-keyed shafts.
such as the crakshaft.
The maximum allowable (design) shear stress applied
 Materials as follows.
The material used for normal shafts is mild steel. Alloy  56 N/mm2 for keyed shafts.
steels such as nickel, nickel-chromium, and chromium-  42 N/mm2 for non-keyed shafts.
vanadium steels used when high strength is required.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION OF SYSTEM
Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and finished
size by cold drawing or turning and grinding. A. Cutter Tool
In the circumstance of constructing, a cutting tool is
Standard sizes any tool used to remove material from a work piece by shear
 Machine shafts deformation, cutting with a single-point or multi-point tool.
 Up to 25.00 mm steps of 0.50 mm A single-edged tool is use to remove material with a single
 Transmission shafts cutting edge in operations such as turning, forming, and
 25.00 mm to 60.00 mm with 5.00 mm steps planning. Milling and drilling tools are often multi-point
 60 mm to 110 mm with 10 mm steps tools. Grinding tools are also multi-point tools. Each grit acts
 110 mm to 140 mm with 15 mm steps as a fine single-point cutting edge (even with large negative
 140 mm to 500 mm with 20 mm steps rake angles) to cut off fine chips. The material cut is harder
 The standard lengths of the shafts are 5 m, 6 m and 7 m. than the material cut and the tool must withstand the heat
generated during the cutting process. In addition, the tool
 Stresses should have a specific geometry and clearance angle
The next voltage induced in the wave is: designed so that the cutting edge contacts the work piece
 Shear stress due to torque transfer (due to torsional without the rest of the tool grinding the surface of the work
loads). piece. I have. Rake angle is as important as flute width,
 Bending stresses (tension or compression) due to forces number of flutes or teeth, and cutting size. Additionally, tool
acting on mechanical elements such as gears and belt speed and feed is optimize for long tool life.
pulleys, as well as the weight of the shaft itself.
 Stresses due to a combination of torsional and bending
stresses.

Fig 3:- Cutter Tool

Specification: Pitch =8mm

No of Teeth: - 100 Gauge thickness =22
Diameter:-101.6 mm

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Volume 7, Issue 9, September – 2022 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Mains Cord
230V AC@50Hz

SW1
1 2

SW SPST

Belt
MG1 Shaft

1
Axel
MOTOR AC Pully
Houseing
2
Cutter

Fig 4:- Design of the system

B. Joints And Links: conventional manual clamping. The machine can work
The joints of industrial robots are similar to those of continuously therefore it increase the assembly rate. It
the human body. Provides relative motion between two body reduces or eliminates the efforts of marking, measuring and
parts. Each joint gives the robot a so-called degree of setting of labor piece on a machine and maintains the
freedom. They often classified by total number of degrees of accuracy of performance.
freedom they possess, our project is to design six degrees of
freedom. Two links attached to each joint, one of which is ACKNOWLEDGMENT
input link and the other is the output link. A limb considered
a rigid component of a robot. The purpose of joints is to I am thankful to my parents and friends who helped me
control the relative motion between input and output links. a lot in this research within limited time.
Almost all industrial robots have mechanical joints that
divided into one of three types. The joints types are:- REFERENCES

 Linear joint: The relative motion between the input link [1]. J.S.Dureja, Rupinder Singh & Manpreet Bhatti
and the output link is linear sliding motion. When the “Optimizing flank wear and surface roughness during
axes of the two links are parallel, which is call a type "L" hard turning of AISI D3 steel by Taguchi and RSM
joint. methods” Production and Manufacturing Research
 Orthogonal joints: a linear sliding motion, but the input Vol 2.1 pp 767-783 (2014).
and output links are perpendicular to each other during [2]. Dr. C. J. Rao, Dr Nageswara rao, P.srihari “Influence
the motion. O type joint. of cutting parameters on cutting force and surface
 Revolute Joint: This type provides relative rotational finish in turning operation” International Conference
motion of the joint with the axis of rotation perpendicular on design and manufacturing Vol 64 pp 1405-1415
to the axes of the input and output links. This is an "R" (2013).
joint. Every joint types has a range of motion. A typical [3]. R Ramanujan, K venketesan “Modeling and
range for linear joints is from a few inches to a few feet. optimization of cutting parameters in dry turning of
The movable range of the three types of joints with Inconel 718 using Coated Carbide Inserts”
rotational motion is about 3600. International conference on advances in materials
science & engineering Vol 5 pp 2550-2559(2014)
V. CONCLUSION [4]. A Mahamani “Influence of Process Parameters on
Cutting Force and Surface Roughness During
In our paper, we have designed the simplest and easiest Turning of AA2219-TiB2/ZrB2” 3rd International
model of printed circuit board (PCB) cutting machine and Conference on Materials Processing and
manufactured it in the most efficient manner and cost Characterization Vol 6 pp 1178-1186 (2014)
required for our project is lower than other printed circuit [5]. Shreemoy Kumar Nayak, Jatin Kumar Patro, Shailesh
board cutting machines available in the market. During this Dewangan, Soumya Gangopadhyay “Multi-
PCB cutting machine, we will cut the PCB plate into two Objective Optimization of Machining Parameters
pieces according to required size with minimum time During Dry Turning of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless
interval. The main advantage of clamping is that it Steel Using Grey Relational Analysis” Vol 6 Page
significantly reduces the load and unload times compared to 707-708 (2013).

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
[6]. Libor Beraneka, Kamil Kolarikb “Surface integrity
analysis of duplex steel by design of experiment
Approach” International Symposium on Intelligent
Manufacturing and Automation Vol 69 pp 630-637
(2013).
[7]. Esmail Soltani, Hesam Shahali An investigation of
surface roughness and main cutting force during the
hard turning of AISI D3 tool steel using Ceramic
tools. Vol 12 Pp 1727-1289 (2012)
[8]. S Thamizhmanii S.Hasan “Performance of
cryogenically treated CBN inserts on difficult to cut
materials during turning” Vol 6 pp 2079-2089 (2012)

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