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Chapter 1. Plumbing Introduction 2

This document defines plumbing and provides an overview of plumbing systems and their components. It discusses the objectives of plumbing systems which are to supply water and remove wastes from buildings. Key elements of sanitary drainage systems are defined, including soil pipes, stacks, vents, traps, and drains. Various types of waste water are classified. The document also lists and describes common plumbing terms related to drainage systems, fixtures, and installation methods.

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Fernando Pascual
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143 views4 pages

Chapter 1. Plumbing Introduction 2

This document defines plumbing and provides an overview of plumbing systems and their components. It discusses the objectives of plumbing systems which are to supply water and remove wastes from buildings. Key elements of sanitary drainage systems are defined, including soil pipes, stacks, vents, traps, and drains. Various types of waste water are classified. The document also lists and describes common plumbing terms related to drainage systems, fixtures, and installation methods.

Uploaded by

Fernando Pascual
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CE 401 & CE 401L BUILDING DESIGN 2 – PLUMBING and FIRE PROTECTION

PLUMBING INTRODUCTION – CHAPTER 001

Plumbing is defined as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures and other apparatus to convey and
supply water in building and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other
substances out of buildings in a safe, orderly, healthy and sanitary way to ensure the health and
sanitation of life and property.

Plumber is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation.

Plumbarius refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome.

Plumbum on the other hand, meant lead.

Plumbing has Two Main Objectives

1. To supply water to different parts of the building


2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public
sewer or septic tank.

Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in Building

1. To provide sufficient amount of water to supply each fixture.


2. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system.

Mandatory Requirements for a Drainage System

“All drainage system must conform with a set of requirements enumerated as follows”

1. That, all pipe joints must be well fitted and tightly connected with each other to prevent leakage
of gas and liquid.
2. That, the drainage pipe should be graded or inclined properly for a downward gravity flow of
water towards the main sewer line or to the septic tank.
3. That, the drainage pipe should be provided with adequate cleanout, accessible for repair in case
of stoppage.
4. The drainage system must be provided with ventilation pipe that will convey gases to
atmosphere where it can do no harm to human health.
5. That, except for water closet, each fixture shall be provided with suitable trap that prevent back
flow of gases.
6. That, the drainage system must be vented, to avoid siphonage or back flow of the water seal.

The Drainage System Should Accomplished the Following

1. Fast removal of the waste with a minimum probability of leakage and stoppage of drains.
2. To prevent the entry of house vermin and obnoxious gases into the house from the piping
system.

Plumbing Design Unlimited?

Classification of Waste

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE


2019
Solid Waste that is being discharged by water closet and Liquid Waste that are coming from various
fixtures.

Degrees of Waste Water

1. Storm Water – Water from rain.


2. Grey Water – from laundries, wash basins, sinks, showers, & bath tubs
3. Black Water – waste plus human waste both solid and liquid flushed out of toilet and urinals.

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

ELEMENTS OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM

1. Soil Pipe - any pipe which conveys the 2. Stack - a general term used for any vertical
discharge of water closets, urinals, or fixtures line of soil, waste, or vent piping.
having similar functions.
3. Soil Stack Pipe - a vertical soil pipe conveying
fecal matter and liquid waste.

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE


2019
4. Stack Vent - an extension of a soil or waste 17. Trap - A fitting or device so constructed as
stack above the highest horizontal drain to prevent the passage of air, gas, and some
connected to the stack. vermin through a pipe without materially
affecting the flow of sewage or waste water
5. Vent- a pipe or opening used for ensuring the
through it.
circulation of air in a plumbing system and for
reducing to pressure exerted on trap seals. 18. House Drain - that part of the lowest
horizontal piping of a plumbing system which
6. Unit Vent-an arrangement of venting so
receives the discharge from soil, waste and
installed that one vent pipe will serve two 12)
other drainage pipes inside of a building and
traps.
conveys it to the house sewer. It should have a
7. Wet Vent - that portion of a vent pipe slope of at least 1/4" to a foot or .006 for
through which liquid waste flow. every .30 meter. (6 mm for every 300 mm).

8. Branch -any part of a piping system other 19. House Sewer - the house sewer is that part
than the main riser or stack. of a plumbing system extending from a point
about four (4) or five (5) feet from the inner
9. Main - the main of any system of continuous face of the foundation wall of a building to the
piping is the principal artery of the system to junction with another sewer.
which branches may be connected. ·
20. House Trap- a trap connected to lowest
10. Branch Vent - a vent pipe connecting from a horizontal piping or House Drain.
branch of the drainage system to a vent stack.
21. Relief Vent - a vent the primary (Fresh Air
11. Waste Pipe - a pipe which conveys only Inlet) function of which is to provide circulation
liquid wastes free fecal matter. of air between drainage and vent system.
12. Drain - a sewer or other pipe or conduit 22. Public Sewer - a common sewer directly
used for conveying ground water, surface controlled by public authority to which all
water, waste water or sewage. abutters have equal rights of connection.
13. Sewer - A pipe or conduit for carrying 23. Siphonage - a suction caused by the flow of
sewage and waste liquids. liquids in pipes.
14. Sewage - the liquid wastes conducted away 24. Spigot - The end of a pipe which fits into a
from buildings/structures, also of the storm bell. Also a word synonymously with faucet.
water.
25. Seal - The vertical distance between the dip
15. Sewerage -a comprehensive term, including and crown wire of a trap.
all construction for collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of 26. Roughing-In - The installation of all pipes in
waste. the plumbing system that are in partitions and
under floors.
16. Cleanout Ferrule - a metallic sleeve, calked
or otherwise, joined to an opening in a pipe, 27. Finishing - The setting of fixtures.
into which a plug is screwed that can be
28. Sump - a pit or receptacle at a low point to
removed for the purpose of cleaning or
which the liquid wastes are drained.
examining the interior of the pipe.

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE


2019
29. Shaft - a vertical opening through a building 32. Plumbing Fixtures – are installed
for elevators, dumbwaiters, light, ventilation, receptacles, devices, or appliances which are
etc. supplied with water, or which receives or
discharge into drainage system which maybe
30. Sleeve - a sheet metal placed when
directly or indirectly connected.
concrete is poured to accommodate future
plumbing pipes. 33. Caulking – Is plugging an opening with
oakum, lead or other materials, that are
31. Pipe Chase - an opening or space to
pounded into the place or opening.
accommodate a group of pipes.

Prepared by: ENGR. ORLANDO SICO JR., CE


2019

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