A at Vater gee-ontitre a 0 @ ‘were then divided into two parts: Organic compounds: which are obtained from living organism. ae eee Inorganic compounds : compounds which are obiained from any other sources except Ining organisms, co pee \VET(Vital Force Theory) : By Berzelius in 1815. Upto 1815, any organic compound could not be synthesized in ab. So Berzelus suggested that there is mysterious force in living orgenisms which was named as Vital Force and said that o:ganic compounds cannot be synthesized in lab. This theory wes called as VET. But in 1828 a German scientist Wholar synthesized an organic compound in lab. Which wes urea. So VET ‘was failed. Urea was synthesized in lab by heating of Ammonium cyanate (NH,CNO) ING] NGaetregenr nN re oO ‘Ammonium cyanate Urea Organic Compounds ; Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are called as organic compounds. Why are organic compounds found in larger no.? or Why are they studied as a separate subject ? () _ Catenation Property : Carbon atom has a property by which it can join with other C-atoms and forma long chain or 8 ring of different size and shapes lf covalency of atom is more, then catenation property is also more. isomerism. (Organic compound sho (ii) Exhibits Homologous Series. (x) Same Empirical Formulae. (v)__Polymerisation. Characteristics of C-Atoms @ 6) Tetra valency : Atomic number of carbon atom is 6 and it have four valency electrons so C-Atom is tetravalent. It is explained by promotion rule In ground state (here covalency of carbon is 2) nN) Oh O oh) First excited state (here covalency of carbon is 4) Available for bond formation Tendency to form multiple bonds ; Carbon atom forms following type of bonds, such as ae Be 0 1, be)vivo Y21Tvivo Y21Tvivo Y21Tvivo YetTvivo Y21Tvivo Y21TSUL Es GANASageaS SSALLE ETSlab ZSILLESILLES CUNTFLL NTSILLES NASOrganic Nomenclature ALLEN Te tobourg seams haat the eof word oo, rary toed egsomseny eft nea of Srp ‘compounds. CH,CH,OH Eh ‘an () of Ethanol CHCHCANT, Boop oo ‘Amine CH.CH.CH,COOR | __ Bat od Ge aad Batanoie add CHCHN Prop ane) Tie Propanenile CH, = CHCHO Prop ente) a Propenal Fic = COOOH Prop ve oe acd Propymor aad rly to distinguish ele from acyclic compounds. For ‘exemple, atoms in the ring), @ primary Propanamine Primary prefix : A primary prefix is used simy in cose of carbocytic compounds (cyl compounds containing ony carbon prefix, cyclo is used immediately before the word root, Thus: cH, ot athe Cydlo + Pent + ane Primary prefix + Word root + primary suffix that the compound is acyclic or open chain. = Cyclopentane = TUPAC If the prefix cyclo is not used, it simply indicates Secondary Prefix : In TUPAC system of nomenclature, certain groups are not considered as functional ead are treated as substituents. These are called secondary prefixes and are added immediately sclic compounds) in alphabetical order to denote «s for some groups which are always treated as wnd is monofunctional or polyfunctional) groups but inst before the word root (or the primary prefix in case of carbocy the side chains or substituent groups. The secondary prefixes substituents groups (regardless of the fact whether the organic compou are given below CH,CH;Br Bromoethane CH,-NO, CH,-OCHs ‘Nitromethane Ethoxyethane In case of carbocylic compounds, primary prefixes are also used ee ky H.C v4 4Bromo + Cyclo + hex + an(e) + Ial 3 Secondary Primary Word Primary Secondary prefix prefix root — suffix _—_suffixvivo Y21T.x -. ” yon atoms in Tra ongen chain elected a above nrunbered consesualy frm ane er that the substituents attached get the lowest number at ‘according to this ule, the numberiAg will be done as In the above example, tot oon Right critic cHtH-dH, 4) Wrong coeeg Remeron bees bupcrion, bec By this numbering, locant (substituents) get the number 2, 3 and 4 compared 10 4, § and 6 if numbering is done from other end anf of carbon atoms present ing to nut he above example, substituents obviously, isan aly group is named accord ocated in the main chain. Int! Each substituent, which to which iis in t andi is prefixed by the numbe are as following — CHy meth) group at carbon NO. 2 = methyl Bethyl 4-propsl ~ CH ety) group at carbon NO. 3 2 = CH,CH,CH, (props) group at carbon NO. 4 = Hence, the above compound is named 25 3-Ethyl-2-methyl-4-propylheptane Je, the prefix i (for two), ti (for three), ee ifthe same substituent ocours more than once in the rec tied to indicate how many times i appeat® ‘The above example can be written with a little modification’ as + Example : CH,CH, cueHck Gi cH, by Gi eHtH, i CH, CH-CHs 3, Ethyl at no. 3, propyl at no. 4 3-Ethy}-2,3-dimethyl-4-propylheptane posed in such a manner that each substituent parent name, Prefixes di, tri, tetra etc. are Methyl at No. 2, This will be named as with its number and name The name of the compound is comt is unitten alphabetically just before th not considered in deciding alphabetical order. Ethyl will be Note that in the above uriten before methyl which wil be written before propsl ‘examples, this patter has been compiled with. ‘Also, as per convention, () numbers are separated each other by commas, (i) numbers are separated from words by hyphens and le word (with no space between) i) write the name of the compound as a singh oe - _— SE eenULES EASILLES. TASALLE. ONANALLEY NASILLES TASALLE) CSJL RNYILL ASLin, GENASLILES NTSelebeaD iaILL EASvivo Y2iTvivo YeTTvivo Y21Tvivo Ye1Tvivo Y21TOrganic Nomenclature! ESSENTIAL COMMON NAMES- ‘ALKANE, cH, -CH-CH-CH, cu, Tsopentane ‘ALKENE CHyeC=CH, Allen ALKYL HALIDE CHCl, s. cH Westron Solvent) CHCl, ccH-Ccl, Westrosol oF Trclean (Solvent) ALCOHOL CH, -OH by -OH ‘Glycol or Ethylene Glycol Gt -CH- CH Glycerol OH OH OH CH,-CH-CH,-OH CH,-CH-OH ETHER C,H.-0-CH, Anisole (Methyl Phenyl Ether) KETONE, CH,COCH, Acetone Allyl Alcohol Vinyl Aleohol CARBOXYLIC ACID HO-CH-| COOH Malic acid CH, - COOH HO CH, COOH Glycolic Acid Veo Malonie acid CHA coon ‘Suecinic acid Glutaric acid ‘Aceto Acetic Ester (ARE) ‘or Eth Aceto Acetate N-DERIVATIVES CH,-CH-CaN Vinyl Cyanide o Acryl Nitrile Nii,-G-NH, Guanidine NH [AROMATIC COMPOUNDS Anthracene oO a= s w(OysoH sana Aaulene ‘NapthalenevasLLNS CEIASeySLs ONESong reTELE, TASALLEY SNSSUL =y, Sy adEL GENINOrganic Nomenclature " 1 ove mn oe [ > g, on (A) 2-Hiydroxy eyclopentanal (© 2Hyerowy xdorentane coaiddhye Form -toayepetane (©) Cydopentane-2-o}-1-al Th frame forthe stn cH ture H,CKCH CH og, cHeapar ga (B) Cyclohexane carbonyl chloride (©) Chloro cyclohexyl methanal A) Cyclo hexanoyl chloride (©) 1-Chloro cyclohexanal CH-O—€—CH,—COoH ° ‘The correct IUPAC name of the above compound is (A) 2-Acetoxy ethanoic acid {B} 2-Methorycarbonyl ethanoic acid (C)3-Methoxyformyl ethanoic acid {D) 2-Methoxyformyl acetic acid fasSL. (SESUEY endpe oe) |gi SPASSY ne GENIASALLEY. TASEENOrganic Nomenclature] ‘Number of carbon in parent carbon chain are aBLE TYPE QUESTION sce Answer Q.1, Q.2.and Q.3 by a of the following table. by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns, Cota 1 Cokuma 2 Coluena 3 bs ‘Common Name TUPAC Name ee Dimetytketone (1) Propanone Sl sh: Acryl aldehyde (2) Ethanoic acid onal Acetic ackd (8) 2,2-Dimethy propanal cH, o1- tc | mo Tertiary veleraldehyde (4) Prop-2-enal Select the correct set of combination ? (ayie) (a) (2) 8) VA) comma Haas Select the incorrect set of combination ? (al) (91 (2) (B) (0118) (4) WH) Dyboth B) &(C) Select the correct set of combination for compound having trival name acrolein ? Maa BAA aaa OHM Reet ot ais ue ue m 1. A-(,B-(,C-(D-@ P 2. A-@,B-(an,C-@)D-an 3. A-(9,B-(,C-,D-() ; , Comprehension #1:1. 7 2.F Comprehension #2:1.(C) 2 8 Comprehension #3 :1. (A) 2.(C)SLL isOrganic Nomenclature| ‘Write down the structure of the given compound (9 Bicyclo [4.3.11 decane (i) 148-methyleyctopenty) benzene (i 4-ethyl-2-methyt-1-propylcyelohexane Answer the following {What would be the molecular formula for a straight chain hydrocarbon having 8 carbon ators with {@) all CC single bond, 0) Three C—C double bond, (2 one C—C triple bond and one C—C double bond. (@) What is the minimum number of carbon atoms in (@) @ branched alkane, () cyclo-alkane Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds CH, @ oo} feces CHSCHs @ CHJCOOK, Gi) CH,—CH=G—CHy—COOH CONH, eet aacens ANSWER KEY CH, 2. cH,-4—cH,-cH, 6. -COOH > -CHO A >-OH>-Br {9 Bibyl-2-cyano-S:cyclopropyi-4, 6-dimethyl-3-oxchept-5-en-1-oate b)Isopropyl-3-hydroxycyclohexane carboxylate. }243-oxobuty)) cyclohexan-1-one. (CH,CH,CH» CS) » a) iS cH H,CH, he HGH, CH, wes 3 0 N-dimethylamino) -3-methy| pentane; m1, 3ioic acd (ii) 3-Carbamoylpent-3-enoic acidTNPRN eatMS alatesSLL CENATLL CYNTASALLEY. GUNSSUL, NASLYLE GENTSALLE, GNISALLEY GATES