DHAKA UNIVERSITY ORDINANCE 1973 AND THE

PRESENT REALITY: AN OVERVIEW

SUPERVISOR
Dr. Dil Rowshan Zinnat Ara Nazneen
Professor
Department of Political Science
University of Dhaka

PRESENTED BY
Md. Enamul Hassan

MSS, Final (2008-09)

Exam: Roll No. 4270

Registration NO. 2883

Department of Political Science

University of Dhaka

Date of Submission: 30 July, 2010

 Research Monograph
On
“ Dhaka University Ordinance 1973 and The Present
Reality”: An Overview

Course Teacher
Dr. Dil Rowshan Jinnat Ara Nazneen
Professor
Dept. Of Political Science.
University of Dhaka

Submitted by
Md. Enamul Hassan
MSS, Final (2008-09)
Exam: Roll No. 4270
Registration NO. 2883

This Research Monograph (course No. 408) is submitted in Partial

fulfillment of the requirements of the MSS Final examination in the Dept. of
Political Science.

University of Dhaka
 DECLARATION

I do hereby declare that the research monograph entitled “Dhaka University

Ordinance 1973 and The Present Reality”: An Overview prepared and
presented by me to fulfill the partial requirements of the Master of Social
Science (MSS) Program under the department of Political Science,
University of Dhaka. It is an original work of mine which has been done
during the study period. The thesis has not been presented in any form to any
other academic institutions for any degree or any other purpose.

Md. Enamul Hassan

MSS Final Year
Session: 2008-2009
Exam Roll: 4270
Class Roll: 533
Department of Political Science
University of Dhaka
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Md. Enamul Hassan has completed his research
monograph entitled “Dhaka University Ordinance 1973 and The Present
Reality: An Overview” to fulfill the partial requirement of the Master of
Social Science (MSS) Program under my direct supervision. This is his
original work. This thesis or any part of it has not been submitted anywhere
for publication.

………………………………………...
Dr. Dilrowshan Zinnat Ara Nazneen
Professor
Department of Political Science
University of Dhaka.
 Acknowledgement
The present research monograph work has been supervised by the Professor Dr.
Dil Rowshan Zinnat Ara Nazneen of the Dept. of Political Science, University of
Dhaka.

He has given innumerable suggestions and comments on the whole process of the
Research Monograph. My supervisor has taken a lot of pains in supervising my
work and I don’t know how to express my deepest sense of gratitude to him. I
thank him very much for giving me all sorts of suggestions

I acknowledge my gratitude to my favorite and honorable teachers Dr. Amran

Hossain, Associate Professor, Dept. of Political Science, University of Dhaka for
giving me suggestions and ideas to make my Research Monograph successfully. I
would like to thank especially some of my friends who have given me all sorts of
help during the data collection. Let me also express my sincere thank to all people
who have participate in response time gives the idea and helped me all their best of
my data collection.

In spite of my best efforts there are some mistakes in typing the Research
Monograph. I regard these mistakes.

Md. Enamul Hassan

30-07-2011
Abstract:

This is an empirical study which aims at presenting the Dhaka University

ordinance of 1973 and its present reality. The study has conducted on the students,
teachers, and officers of Dhaka University. The theme of the study revolves
around an idea that the Dhaka University Ordinance of 1973 is not completely
appropriate for the present time. It needs to change some different issues for
leading Dhaka University properly.The research has studied the Dhaka University
ordinance-1973, it’s objectives, debatable ordinance parts in it. I have tried to find
out the adjustability of the ‘Dhaka University -1973” with the present reality. The
research is basically a content analysis type; I have analyzed the collected data
critically. At first I have tried to find out the problematic areas and then I have tried
to find out the possible solutions by analyzing the collected data. There was not
much variations among the answers of the respondents of the questionnaire.
Especially most of the respondents agreed that the Dhaka University ordinance- is
not enough now to meet the demand of the present reality and political influence
on Senate, Syndicate, V.C election are creating problems. Most of the respondents
responded that student facilities should be increased and party politics of the
students should be controlled. In recommendations and conclusions, the study
presented the whole discussion summarily and the avenues how can run the
university more smoothly and effective .
 Glossary of Terms

DU – Dhaka University

VC – Vice Chancellor

DUCSU – Dhaka University Central Student Union

UGCD – University Grand Commission

CAD – Co-ordination and Development

PAD – Planning and Development

NSF - Notional Student front

UPSU – East Pakistan Student Union

UNESCO – United Nations Education, science and Cultural Organizations

List of Figures: Page
Figure-1: Age distribution of the respondents 40

Figure -2: Gender distribution of the respondents 41

Figure -3: Occupations of the respondents 42

Figure -4: Ordinance Compatibility with Present context 43

Figure -5: Opinion about recruitment panel of V.C 44

Figure -6: Respondent’s opinion about VC impeachment 45

power of Senate

Figure -7: Budget monitoring by senate and syndicate 46

Figure -8: Role of Proctorial team 47

Figure -9: Respondents opinion about procession meeting,

use mike on class time 48

Figure -10: Opinion about discipline maintenance by an Asst. Proctor 49

Figure -11: Respondents opinion about party politics 50

Figure -12: Causes behind the residence crisis in DU 51

List of Tables: Page
Table-1: Age distribution of the respondents 40

Table-2: Gender distribution of the respondents 41

Table-3: Occupations of the respondents 42

Table-4: Ordinance Compatibility with Present context 43

Table-5: Opinion about recruitment panel of V.C 44

Table-6: Respondent’s opinion about VC impeachment power of Senate 45

Table-7: Budget monitoring by senate and syndicate 46

Table-8: Role of Proctorial team 47

Table-9: Respondents opinion about procession meeting,

use mike on class time 48

Table-10: Opinion about discipline maintenance by an Asst. Proctor 49

Table-11: Respondents opinion about party politics 50

Table-12: Causes behind the residence crisis in DU 51

 Contents
Declaration
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Glossary of terms
Map of Dhaka University
List of figure
List of table
Table of contents

Chapter- 1

Introduction
1.1 Statement of the problem
1.2 Rationale of the study
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Outline of the study
1.5 Limitations of the study
1.6 Operational definitions

Chapter:2

Methodology
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Data Collection Methods
2.3 Primary sources
2.4 Secondary s
2.5 Populations
2.6 Study areas
2.7 Study subject
2.8 Sampling
2.9 The questionnaire
2.10 Pre-testing and finalizing the questionnaire
2.11 Data processing and analysis
2.12 Ethical consideration

Chapter: 3
Review of the Literature

Chapter: 4
Overview of ordinance
4.1 British Era
4.2 Pakistan Era
4.3 Partition of Bengal and its Annulment
4.4 Bangladesh Era

Chapter: 5
Contents analysis
5.1 Contents analysis of the ordinance
5.2 Researcher’s own point of views

Chapter: 6
Field survey of the Questionnaire
6.1 Sample Profile
6.2 Major Findings of the survey

Chapter: 7
Recommendations and conclusion
Bibliography
Chapter: One
Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study:
The University of Dhaka has had a central role in our history .After the nine month
liberation war Bangladesh has gained independence .All teachers and students of
Dhaka University directly and indirectly participated in the liberation war for the
sake of protecting our beloved country .When Bangladesh was alone with Pakistan
then she was deprived of economic, social, political and educational opportunity.
The military ruler General Ayub Khan took a iron steps to stop the voice of Dhaka
University teachers and students because of rising their voice against military rule
and disparity between east and west Pakistan in every aspects. For taking absolute
control over Dhaka university General Ayub Khan makes a draft as University
Order 1961 which is known as black laws for this reason all teachers refuse this
order.

The University Order 1961 frantically hinders the right of teachers in following
ways –
 Teachers politics was banned,
 Vice chancellor was directly appointed by the government /President,
 All administrative power was vested to the president/executive,

After nine months bloody war in 1971 Bangladesh became independent then the
senior teachers who had been actively involved in the liberation struggle
deliberated together to produce the draft of the 1973 Dhaka University Order . The
Dhaka University Order was a clear response to negative experiences of the 1961,
when the government had damaged the institution by extending patronage to those
seen as loyalists and harassing those who did not succumb to its pressure.

The exhilaration of independence brought with it height hopes and expectations of

complete academic freedom and protection from external interference by
bureaucrats wielders of state power .Academic freedom would be secured by
providing for elections to most key offices in the University .The vice chancellor
was to be appointed from a panel of three candidates elected by the senate
.Members of the syndicate and the deans were also to selected. These elections
would effectively protect the University from external intervention and thus would
ensure academic autonomy and freedom and standards of excellence in the pursuit
of truth and knowledge.
For promoting excellence quality of education and skill man power university is
one of the most valuable institution in every countries across the world specially
those countries which has become newly independent from colonial rule, for
infrastructure development .In this sense Dhaka University has an order 1973
which was approved by the hand of Sheik Mujibur Rahman and prepared by Then
law minister Dr.Kamal Hossain .

The Dhaka University Order 1973 is a big most order so work with 1973 order is
not feasible within a very short time for considering this matter I selected only four
burning issues as senate, syndicate ,proctorial systems and students facilities .

1.2 Rationale of Study :

Every government after belonging their power has been trying to basic change in
Dhaka University Order particularly in the military period for having absolute
power over Public University because the teachers of Public University is a
community of scholars ,aristocrat of intellect ,most conscious about the rights of
ordinary people and intellectual representatives of people . Of course in recent
time some civil society and university teachers are in favor of changing some
article of 1973 order for stopping teachers` dirty politics .Most of the teachers in
public university are drastically involve in party politics for securing their personal
interest .Vice chancellor ,senate and syndicate members elections , proctorial
body`s responsibilities for maintaining discipline in campus and students politics
and their facilities is a most debatable matter in recent time but any effective
suggestion has not come to solve this problem .As a most talked about topics in
present context ,in my research i will try my best to find out logical way that can
focus some solution in future .
1.4 Objectives of the Study:
The prime objective of this research is to find out that how Dhaka University is
running ,and how much political influence over senate and syndicate and how
accountability of teachers can be ensured and students facilities can be extended
.The specific objectives are:

• To find out the real scenario of Dhaka University ordinance ,

• To depict the exact image of the ordinance,
• To evaluate the functions of senate, syndicate, proctorial teams and students
facilities which has been decrypted in the ordinance,
• To figure out the roles of the university administration for increasing student
security and education facilities,
• To fine out the causes behind the internal conflict among teachers,
• To observe the opinion and reaction of teachers and students about the
ordinance,
• To find out the major obstacles for promoting education quality under this
ordinance,
• To examine the lack of accountability and responsibility of teachers ,
• To observe how can ensure teachers’ accountability and responsibility,

1.3 Outline of the Study:

Outline of the monograph discuss about the total monograph .It is one kind of
briefing about the monograph that which chapter discuss and what subjects. At first
I give a brief summary of this research and its findings in the abstract.

Chapter One : In chapter one under the introduction headline contains background
of the study ,objectives of the study, rationale of the study ,problems and
limitation of the study

Chapter two: In chapter two provides methodology ,Study areas ,study subject
,sampling ,questionnaire, data collection and analysis process of the study.

Chapter Three: In chapter three I review the relevant literature on my research

topic. In my literature review I discuss about 1973 order and its present relevance
Chapter Four: In chapter three provides an overview of the study

Chapter Five: In chapter four provides importance articles which is much more
burning issues in present time

Chapter Six: In chapter five I show the result of my study, what I found in my
research into various subsection according to questionnaire research

Chapter Seven: In chapter seven overall findings was discussed under the headline
recommendation and conclusion

1.5 Limitations of the study:

The research has carried out to as the fulfillments of the partial requirements for
my degree of my MSS (Masters) in Dept. of Political science from University of
Dhaka. As a student researcher the financial support and time were very limited.
Due to the shortage of time and money the survey of the respondents were
restricted only on Dhaka University campus. Moreover, most of the population
feels bored and fear to give opinion about my research questionnaire. Specially,
some junior teachers are not eager to express their opinion easily. In the case of my
members of registers were not able to give their respond for administrative
restrictions.

However, problems and limitations I faced at the time of conducting the study are
given below:

• Lack of financial support or facilities

• Lack of adequate time for conducting the research
• The sample size of this research is small
• Books, journals, articles and research did not conduct on this topic.
Although there might exist some other limitation too, it can be expected that
this study will be more helpful for the future research dealing with issue of
DU ordinance 1973.
1.6 Operational Definitions:
Autonomy:

Autonomy is indispensable to the role and work of the university. Today, it is

differentiated into organizational autonomy, academic 1.

Order:

Order is the way where exists when people obey laws, rules or authority 2.

Ordinance:

An order or rule made by a government or somebody in a position of authority.

Regulation:

An official rule made by a government or some other authority

Statute:

A law that is passed by a parliament, council, etc. and formally written down .

Academic Council:

Academic council means the Academic Council constituted under this Order.

Senate:

Senate means the senate constituted under this Order.

Syndicate:

Syndicate” means the Syndicate constituted under this Order.

1
The University As an Institution Today, An UNESCO Publication (1993)

2
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, Oxford university press, 1948.
Chapter: Two
Methodology
2.1 Introduction:
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the problem. It may be
understood as a science of studying so research is done scientifically. For a better
research work I used both qualitative and quantities methods. I have also used
primary and secondary data collection methods with a view to identify
inconsistence in Dhaka University Ordinance 1973.

2.2 Methods of Data Collection:

A methodology refers to the choices we make about the cases to study methods of
data gathering, forms of data analysis etc. In planning and executing a research
study. While it directs how a researcher will go studying and phenomenon, in this
chapter, detailed design of the study including sample size, study population,
process of instruments development, data collection and data analysis etc.will be
explained to gain an inside about the whole procedure of this research work.

2.3 Primary sources:

These kinds of data are collected from the root of origin through direct field
operation. Besides this, it may be collected from other institutions. But in my case,
I have done this by taking interview of the people by proving a questionnaire to the
respondents and have ensured them full confidentiality and privacy in giving their
consent as well as the answer of my questionnaire.

2.4 Secondary sources:

Secondary data are collected from where there is an institution or sources of data,
and from where the data were collected before. These types of data sometimes may
not be adequate for research. Secondary source may be published or unpublished
material, journals, reports and documents on containing important data for
research. I have also used to collect data from secondary data such as newspapers,
books, journals and websites.
2.5 Population:
A population is a complete set of individual’s objectives or measurement having
some common characteristics. I have taken those kinds of population who have
knowledge about Dhaka University Ordinance 1973 .I have taken those kinds of
people such as students, Teachers, Lawyers, Registers and politician.

2.6 Study Areas:

The study has been conducted on Dhaka University Campus.

2.7 Study subject:

This study has been conducted on “Dhaka University Ordinance 1973 and The
Present Reality”: An overview

2.8 Sampling:
A sample is a subset or part of the population selected to represent the population.
Sample is the representative of total survey population. Sampling is the process of
choosing a representative portion of a population. Soundness and compliance of
the research finding to a great extent depends on the rationality of the sample plan.
The sample size of my research study is 25. I have chosen 25 respondents from
Dhaka university campus. The sample size of my study is –

12 students (4 existing students+2 ex-students) male and female ( 4 existing

students + 2 ex-students ) ,

7 teachers (2 professors+ 2 associate professors+ 2 assistant professors+ 1

Lecturer),2 registers, 2 lawyers, 1 UGC member, 1 politician.
2.9 The questionnaire:
The questionnaire is considered to be the only tool to gather primary data. In order
to collect data, questionnaire has been prepared by considering the variables as per
objectives of the study. The questionnaire has contained both open-ended and
close-ended questions. The questionnaire has however been prepared in Bengali
version for the better understanding of common respondents. For conducting
survey, 18 questions has been used. The topics within the questionnaire included:

1. Demographic questions
2. Introductory question regarding Dhaka University Ordinance1973.
3. Information about senate
4. Information about syndicate
5. Information about proctorial systems
6. Information about student’s facilities.

2.10 Pre-testing and Finalization of Questionnaires:

The pre-tested was conducted among small group of respondent in order to test the
effectiveness or suitability of the research instrument. The questionnaire was
slightly revised in the light of the experience gathered from these interviews
considering how the respondents react to the questions.

Pre-testing and finalization of questionnaire adhered to the following procedure.

o I designed the draft questionnaire and completed pre-testing.

o Based on pre-testing findings I checked the translation, consistency and
integrity of the questionnaire. I finalized the questionnaire and showed it to
my supervisor for final approval.
o After approved of the Bengali questionnaire I then printed the Bengali
questionnaire and translated it later into English.
2.11 Data processing and analysis:
Quantitative data processing involved the following steps:

• Questionnaire registration and editing.

• Edit verification.
• Listing of open ended responses and classifications.
• Coding and code transfer.
• Development of data entry structure.
• Data entry and entry verification.
• Entering data as per questionnaire structure in SPSS 11.o version.
• Verifying the logic and accuracy of the data as per filled up
questionnaire.
• Keeping and maintaining data
• Development of analysis plan.
• Program development as per the analysis plan.
• Program running and report generation.

2.12 Ethical considerations:

Social researchers must consider the right of the respondents involved in any study
[Baker, 1999].Thus in order to carry out a research project; the researchers must
consider the ethical aspect of their studies. In this study ethical standards had been
maintained in every stage of this research project.
 Chapter : Five
Review of The Literature
Review of The Literature:

There is a dearth of work on this topic done in Bangladesh. This topic

related articles, books and any publications are rare though it is every
burning topic. Since relevant work and literature is not available to fulfill
the present demand and rising problems, we have taken this topic to find
out real scenario. At first we will review some books in the following ways.

In any thesis, literature review is an important part which flourishes the

subject and provides proper guideline to depict the problems.

1.1 Taraque Fozol, University law, 1973: Reform proposal,

Academic publishers, Dhaka.

This book attempts to examine Dhaka University ordinance, 1973. In this

book focus on background of the ordinance and also different problems of
this ordinance in different issues.

At first, Taraque Fozol notes 1920 and 1921 ordinance’s background and
depicts the real scenario of 1947 and 1948 when India freed from British
colonial rule. Before the separation of India and Pakistan DU was a most
leading and prestigious university in Indian subcontinent. That time DU
was called as “ Oxford of the East” . But after the separation of Pakistan
from British-India DU was being interfered by politically.
In this book also focus the basic different between 1993 and 1961
ordinance. General Ayub Khan as an army man had been trying to control
of public university. For the sake keeping his power permanently.

Taraque Fozol observes that VC appointment process is complex because

in this process 104 members of the senate directly support their choiceable
candidate. The process of VC appointment is not democratic rather
political, just here try to give a democratic facade.

In his book, it has been depicted that 1973 ordinance containing excessive
elections and the opportunity of part politics and dirty intention of teacher
to use students for their own interest.

1.2 Galib Ahsan Khan,(2001) Dhaka University, Polities and

Miscellaneous Issues:

The main focus of this book is to discuss about Dhaka University ordinance 1973
and its present debate. Galib Ahsan khan has mentioned in his book different
comments of many Scholars about University teachers. Galib depicted the reason
of dirty politics of teachers. He mentioned when a teachers is appointed as a
lecturer then he/she suffers from financial and residential crisis, for this they have
to involve into polities for getting early promotion and residential facilities. Galib
observes chat when a new appointed teachers involves in flattering to get facilities
then dirty group polities rise. For coming out from this Situation Galib has
mentioned point base teachers appointment system. This book also makes clear
that 1973 ordinance is not responsible for teachers policies but their mentally and
morality is only responsible to involve in dirty in dirty policies. This book also
mentions about the negative impact of teachers polities. Galib observes that
teacher’s accountability should keep under the strong law.

This book describes about the senate elections and group polities among teachers.
In 2nd part of this book, Galib has mentioned “student polities and education” part
3rd has been described about religion, politics and hortal and in 4th part in this book
has been mentioned “miscellaneous issues”.

Galib Ahsan khan hasn’t mentioned about the health facilities of students and
campus security. Considering this matter I select this topic to find out the real
scenario of student facilities and campus security.

1.3 Shahidul Islam, University and Autonomy, Shikkha Barta

Publication, 2008.

In this book Shahidul Islam has motioned two important issues as

university and autonomy. From the point of view of autonomy, university
institutions have fluctuate or still fluctuate between complete academic
freedom and observations to political and economic power.

In his book’s first part Shahidul Islam has depicted the importance of
autonomy of university and mentioned definition objectives and goal of
university. In the part two Shahidul Islam has mentioned that expanding
democratic values can ensure the autonomy of University. In the time of
describing autonomy, Shahidul Islam has referred two famous ‘Oxford’ and
‘Cambridge’ University.
In part three has been described about the different era of Bangladesh
University. In the British part, he has been described about the process of
rising different University in India sub continent. In Pakistan era, it has
been described about Dacca University Ordinance, 1948 and 1961 and its
impact to accelerate national development.

In Bangladesh part, it has been described that after the nine month struggle
we gained independent from exploitation of Pakistan. In 1973 Bangladesh
has made a new ordinance to run University smoothly.

In last part Shahidul Islam in his book has described about the activities of
private university and appreciates for rising private university because this
will open the new Horizon of for students.

In this book Shahidul Islam did not present actually scenario of DU

ordinance, especially about senate Syndicate, proctor and student facilities.

1.4 Mohammad Moniruzzaman Miah , Uccho Shikkha: Kisu

Kotha, Nowraz Shahitto Sangsad, 2003.

In his book’s introductory part, he has explained his experience about his
teaching profession and administration when he was VC of DU.

In this book has been included article, speech and interview of Mohammad
Moniruzzaman Miah. In this part has been described his article name
structural change of Dhaka University, session jam and its remedies and
Bengali language.
In part two has been described his speech about senate, DUCSU and part
three described his interview about university admission crisis and its
solutions which have been published in the Daily digest in 1990.

Since part two and three in this book is related to our topic for this reason
we will review only part two and three. In part two has been given his
speech before senate and promise to keep strong senate for accelerating
university activities. In part three has been described about his interview.
He has presented his view about teachers and students’ politics and
violence in DU campus.

In this book Mohammad Moniruzzam Miah has not mentioned about the
weakness of 1973 ordinance.

1.5 Dr. Momtaz-uddin Patoari, Present Scenario of education

system of Bangladesh. Onindo Prokash, 2007.

In this book three articles are related to our study. Momtaz- Uddin has
mentioned in this book about the present scenario of DU, particularly
student politics and quality of education.

Dr. Momtaz has expressed his grieve about teacher appointment system. He
comments every teacher is appointed in DU on the basis of political colors.
It is his bitter experience because he was a candidate to be a teacher.

This book has not mentioned any recommendations and could not able to
depict the present problems of DU ordinance 1973.
1.6 Rafikul Islam, Eighty years of DU (1921-2001), Ononno
Prokash, Feb, 2003.

Rafikul Islam has observed that partition of Bengal and annulled Bengal
partition was a turning point in creating DU. After annulled Bengal
partition British government wanted to keep calm the Muslim through
establishment of DU.

In this book has been described only the history of DU in different period
as twenty, fifty, sixty, eighty and ninety decade. Some scholars raised their
voice against establishment of DU. They raised their voice against creating
DU because they thought that British have killed a good college (Dhaka
College) to make a bad university.

1.7 Mohammad Abu Naser Tipu, Higher Education in

Bangladesh: Recent reality, Onindo Prokash, Feb-2007.

Abu Naser has described in the inception of his book about the present
education scenario. He has observed educations progress from British era
to present time.

In this book Abu Naser has soundly described about the ordinance of
University and Autonomy. In this part, he has mentioned positive and
negative side of the autonomy of University.

It has mentioned that most of the teacher in the university is busy with
consultancy. Excessive election is main hindrance for promoting academic
activities and another problem is the excess power of VC and political
influence on university administrations. From the point of view Abu Naser
has recommended to change some article of DU ordinance 1973. His main
recommendation has emphasized on the structure of senate, syndicate and
VC selections process.

In this book has not been depicted real scenario about DU and DU
ordinance, 1973.

1.8 Muntasir Mamun, Dhaka Somogro-3, Ononno Prokash,

2005.

In this book has mainly depicted the history of Dhaka University. This
book is totally Dhaka related book. In this book Muntasir Mamun has tried
to draw a real picture about Dhaka city. In Dhaka city, Dhaka University is
a historical and cultural place which is represents the whole people of
Bangladesh. In his book, Muntasir Mamun his described in the title “Old
appointment process of DU.” In this part, appointment system of DU has
been criticized for biased. Here has mentioned about history of Dhaka
University. Dhaka University was built as a carbon copy of “Oxford
University”. Here has mentioned different speech of Hartog who was the
first VC of DU.
Chapter: Three
Overview
3. Historical Background of Dhaka University Ordinance 1973:

3.1 British Era:

“The University is linked to the concept of freedom of access to knowledge “ 3.

The University of Dhaka was established in 1921 under the Dacca University Act
1920 of the Indian Legislative Council, it is modeled after British universities.

It is believed that a combination of political, social and economic compulsions

persuaded the government of India to establish a University at Dhaka 'as a splendid
imperial compensation' to Muslims for the annulment of the partition of Bengal.
The first vice-chancellor of the university, Dr., later Sir, Philip Joseph Hartog, a
former academic registrar of the University of London for 17 years and a member
of the University of Calcutta Commission, described this phenomenon as the
'political origin' of the institution.

Mr Hartog also referred to the rumor spread by activists of the non-cooperation

movement that the tuition fee for an undergraduate student of the university was
raised from Rs 8 to Rs 60. This discouraged admission in the opening session in

The Partition of Bengal in 1947 considerably altered the character of Dhaka

University. The East Bengal Educational Ordinance of 1947 added an affiliating
character to its residential-cum-teaching model by calling upon it to assume the
responsibilities of affiliation and supervision of 55 colleges which were previously
under the University of Calcutta.

3
Mayor F. Director of UNESCO(1991)
The university was unburdened of this responsibility in 1992 when the NATIONAL

UNIVERSITY was created to take over this task.

During the Ward War II the government of India requisitioned some buildings of
the University for Military Use. After Partition, the new government of East
Pakistan requisitioned many more of them for offices and residences of
government employees. This created an acute problem of accommodation to add to
the problem of finance. The Pakistan government was indifferent to the university's
needs and planned to move the university away from the city to keep its students
out of politics.

When General Ayub Khan seized power in October 1958, teachers and students of
the university were already in the forefront of protests against the government's
attempts to suppress the demands of the East Pakistanis for autonomy and the
rightful place for Bengali as a state language of the country. In 1952, police killed
some students agitating for a place of honour for their mother tongue. The
government's response was to eventually replace the Dacca University Act 1920 by
an ordinance in 1961, totally depriving the university of its autonomy and of
democratic traditions.
3.2 Partition of Bengal and Its Annulment (1905-1911):

“Higher education without religion was a blind suicidal policy” 4.

The Partition of Bengal in 1905 provided the Muslim majority community of East
Bengal and Assam with a sphere of influence of their own and raised new hopes
for the development of the region and advancement of its people. But its
annulment, barely six years later due to stiff opposition from the powerful Hindu
leadership, was viewed by Muslims as 'a grievous wrong'.

A deputation of high ranking Muslim leaders, including Sir Nawab Khwaja

Salimullah, Khan Bahadur Chowdhury Kazimuddin Ahmed Siddiky, Nawab Syed
Nawab Ali Choudhury and A. K. Fazlul Huq, met Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy
of India, on January 31, 1912 and expressed their fears that the annulment would
retard the educational progress of their community. As compensation for the
annulment of the Partition, as well as protest against the general antipathy of
Calcutta University towards Muslims, the deputation made a vigorous demand for
a university at Dhaka. In response, Lord Hardinge acknowledged that education
was the true salvation of Muslims and that the government would recommend the
constitution of such a university to the Secretary of State. This was confirmed in an
official communiqué on February 2, 1912

Initially, the university under the British administration worked hard to build up an
outstanding record of academic achievement, earning for itself the reputation for
being the 'Oxford of the East'. The university contributed to the emergence of a
generation of leaders who distinguished themselves in different occupations in

4
Hundred years of the University of Calcutta 1957,p-68
3.3 East Pakistan era:

“In short, a university is for the strengthening of freedom, dignity and

democracy” 5. The Partition of Bengal in 1947 considerably altered the character of
Dhaka University. During World War II the government of India requisitioned
some buildings of the university for military use. After Partition, the new
government of East Pakistan requisitioned many more of them for offices and
residences of government employees.

This created an acute problem of accommodation to add to the problem of finance.

The Pakistan government was indifferent to the university's needs and planned to
move the university away from the city to keep its students out of politics. When
General Ayub Khan seized power in October 1958, teachers and students of the
university were already in the forefront of protests against the government's
attempts to suppress the demands of the East Pakistanis for autonomy and the
rightful place for Bengali as a state language of the country.

In 1952, during the Bengali Language Movement effort, police killed some
students agitating for a place of honor for their mother tongue. The students of
Dhaka University played heroic role in 1948 and 1952 language movement.The
government responded by replacing the Dacca University Act 1920 by an
ordinance in 1961, totally depriving the university of its autonomy and democratic
traditions.

Termed a 'black law', the ordinance created a suffocating atmosphere in the

university. The atmosphere of terror and oppression created in the whole country

5
Professor Federico Mayor, The Director General of UNESCU, 1991.
by successive military regimes led to mass upsurge, and ultimately, to the War of
Liberation waged by Bengalis in 1971.

Pic: Karjon Hall

The University of Dhaka was established under the Govt. of India Act. XVIII of
1920 (Which was based on the recommendations of the Calcutta University
Commission presided over by Sir Michael Sadler) as a unitary, teaching and
residential University with a constitution similar in many respects to those of the
then contemporary English University Following the creation in 1947 of the
province of East Bengal as a part of Pakistan.

The East Bengal Educational Ordinance, 1947, was promulgated, by which the
University, without prejudice to its original character as a teaching and residential
University was entrusted with sole authority to recognize and affiliate all
educational institutions in East Bengal above Materict and High Madrasa standard
Accordingly, in 1947, the University of Dhaka affiliated 58 1st and 2nd grade
colleges throughout the whole of East Bengal After independence the Government
of the People's Republic of Bangladesh promulgated the adaptation of University
Laws by the Bangladesh Ordinance No. 1 of 1972. Afterwards, in pursuance to the
Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, the President Order No. 11 of
1973 which is called the "Dacca University Order, 1973 was promulgated.
Fig: Different ordinance related of higher education

Indian University Act

1904
Dhaka Universty Act
Dhaka University
1920

East Bengal Act 1947

Dhaka University
Ordinances Ordinance- 1948

Dhaka University Ordinance 1961

Dhaka University

Ordinance- 1973

Source: Shahidul Islam, University and Autonomy, Shikkha Barta

publication, 2008. PP-23-25
3.4 Bangladesh Era:

“Over the centuries and despite difficulties, this devotion to learning has earned the
university social as well as state recognition of its autonomy”. 6 A new phase
began in the history of the University with the emergence of the People's Republic
of Bangladesh in 1971.

Pic:Oporajao Bengla

This has been a phase of development, expansion and consolidation of earlier

gains. The University assumed a central role in the academic pursuits of the region
including this new nation. The liberation of Bangladesh saw the rebirth of the
University of Dhaka. The infamous ordinance of 1961 was annulled and
substituted by the Dacca University Order of 1973 which restored its autonomy
and provided a democratic atmosphere for the community of teachers and students
where they could engage freely and fully in academic and intellectual pursuits.

6
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,1991
Table: Different Era of Dhaka University

Era of DU Year

British 1920-21 to 1947

Pakistan 1947 to 1961

Pakistan and Bangladesh 1961 to 1973

Bangladesh 1973 to present

Source:Taraque Fojol,University Act 1973: A Reform Proposal,Academic

Publishers,1994

3.5 Comparative Discussion Between 1961 and 1973 Ordinance:

The order of Dhaka University 1973 is not a firsthand created order but it is edition
form of 1961 order which was known as black law.1973 order is containing 90%
unchanged provision of 1961 order and only 10% provision is new in 1973 order
which ensure absolute freedom of speech and activities of teachers.In the
following ways I will discuss comparatively :
Table: Comparative Discussion between two ordinance

Order 1961 Order 1973

1. In a word ,in 1961 order 1. In 1973 order provides all rights

teachers had not rights to for teachers involve in politics
involve in politics

2. VC was appointed directly by 2. Senate selects VC panel with

chancellor three members then chancellor
appoints only one person among
them

3. There was no VC panel ,senate 3. Elections system is included in

,syndicate, Dean, Academic 1973 order
council and finance Committee
election systems

Source:Taraque Fojol,University Act 1973: A Reform Proposal,Academic

Publishers,1994
 Chapter Four:
Content Analysis
4.Contents Analysis of Order:
The order of Dhaka University is big one considering this we selected only four
important issues for getting better understanding from 1973 order.

1. Senate
2. Syndicate
3. Proctorial System
4. Students Facilities
5. Academic Committee
6. Finance committee

In respect of above aspects at first we will narrate the formation and duties of four
important issues in following ways :

The senate:

Constitution of Senate:
(1)The senate shall consists of the following persons
1. The Vice Chancellor
2. One or two Pro-Vice Chancellor
3. Five government official to be nominated by the government
 4. Five members of parliament to be nominated by the Speaker
5. Five distinguished educationists to be nominated by the Chancellor
6. Five representative of the research bodies to be nominated by the Syndicate
7. Five principals of colleges to be nominated by the Academic Council from
among the principals of the affiliated and constituent collages
8. Ten teachers of colleges to be nominated by the Academic Council from
among the teachers of the affiliated and constituent collages
9. The chairman of the board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka
10. Twenty-five representative of registered graduates to be elected by such
graduates from among themselves
11. Thirty-five representative of teachers of the University to be elected in a
special meeting of the University teachers
12.Five representative of the students to be nominated by the University Central
Students Union

Period of Senate Members:

(2) The members of the Senate, other than the student members, shall hold office
for a period of three years. The student members shall hold office for a period of
one year, but shall continue in office until their successors having been elected,
nominated or appointed, enter upon the office.
Provided that the Members of Parliament, the government officials, the Principals
and teachers of the Colleges, registered graduates, teachers of the University and
the representatives of research bodies shall hold office so long as they continue to
be a Member of Parliament, Government officials, Principal of a college, teacher
of a college, registered graduate, teacher of the University or associated with any
research body:
Provided that the student members shall lose membership if they cease to be
students of the University.
(3) The election of the members of the Senate shall be held in such manner as may
be prescribed by the Statutes.
21. The Senate shall, on a date to be fixed by the Vice-Chancellor, meet once in a
year at a meeting to be called the annual meeting of the Senate.
(2) The Vice-Chancellor may, whenever he thinks fit, and shall, upon a requisition
in writing signed by not less than thirty members of the Senate, convene a
special meeting of the Senate

Power of senate:
22. Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Senate shall-
a) Ratify the Statutes on the proposals of the Syndicate;
b) Consider and pass resolutions on the annual report, the annual accounts and
the financial estimates presented by the Syndicate; and
c) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be
conferred or imposed upon it by this Order of the Statutes.
The Syndicate :

Constitution of Syndicate:
The Syndicate shall be the executive body of the University and shall
consists of the following persons, namely;-
a. The Vice-Chancellor
b. The Treasurer
c. Two Principals of Colleges to be nominated by the Academic Council
d. Six teachers of the University to be elected by such teachers from among
themselves
e. Two representatives of the Senate, one being a registered graduate and the
other an educationist, to be elected by the Senate from among the members
of the Senate
f. Three persons to be nominated by the Chancellor
g. One government official, not below the rank of a Secretary, to be nominated
by the Government
h. One distinguished citizen to be nominated by the Senate from outside its
membership.

(2). the elections of the members of the Syndicate shall be held in such manner as
may be prescribed by the Statutes
Provided that the teachers of the University to be elected under sub-clause (d) of
clause (1), one shall be elected from each of the following categories, namely;-
i. Deans
ii. Provosts
iii. Professors
iv. Associate Professors
v. Assistant Professors
vi. Lecturers

Period of Syndicate Members:

(3). The members of the Syndicate shall hold office for a term of two years, but
shall continue in office till their successors having been elected or nominated enter
upon the office.
Provided that the Principals of Colleges, teachers of the University, representatives
of the Senate and Government nominee shall hold office so long as they continue
to be such Principals, teachers, members and officials.

Power of Syndicate:
24. The Syndicate shall-
a) Hold, control and administer the property and funds of the University, and
shall, from time to time, obtain advice from the Finance Committee on
financial matters
b) Determine the form of the Common Seal of the University, the authority in
whose custody it shall be kept and the manner in which it shall be used
c) Regulate and determine, subject to the powers conferred by this Order on the
Vice-Chancellor, all matters concerning the University in accordance with
this Order, the Statutes and the University Ordinances
Provide that no action shall be taken by the Syndicate in respect of the fees paid
to examiners and emoluments of teachers without consulting the Academic
Council;
 d) Lay before the Commission annually a full statement of all the bequests
received by it and the financial requirements of the University;
e) Administer any funds placed at the disposal of the University for specific
purposes
f) Appoint, save as otherwise provided by this Order or the Statutes, the
officers, teachers, Ministerial and other staff of the University, and define
their duties and conditions of their service, and fill up temporary vacancies
in their posts
g) Affiliate or disaffiliate, subject to the Statutes, a college of institute and
approve or withdraw approval of a hostel not maintained by the University
h) Arrange for, and direct the inspection of all affiliated colleges or institutes
and hostels
i) Accept bequests, donations and transfer of any movable or immovable
property on behalf of the University
j) Arrange for the holding of, and publish the results of, the University
examinations
k) Exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be
conferred or imposed on it by this Order or the Statutes; and
l) Exercise all other powers of the University not otherwise provided for by
this Order or the Statutes.
m) The University Ordinance shall be made by the Syndicate.

The Proctorial System:

1. The Proctor shall be an officer of the University directly responsible to the
Vice Chancellor, and his rank would be that of a Provost of Hall. He would
be assisted by Assistant Proctors who would be responsible to the Proctor
 and the rank of an Assistant Proctor would be that of a House Tutor of a
Hall.

Power of Proctor and Proctorial Teams

2. The following shall be the main duties of the Proctor:-
I. He shall be responsible for the discipline and conduct of students
within the University campus outside the Halls.
II. He shall perform such other duties regarding discipline of students as
may be required by the Vice-Chancellor from time to time
3. (i) The Proctor or one Assistant Proctor shall ordinarily remain in each of the
University Buildings during University hours for maintaining order and
discipline in the University. For this purpose, ordinary one Assistant Proctor
must be chosen from each of the Faculties of Arts, Science and Law after
consultation with the relevant Deans so that the normal place of work at least
one Assistant Proctor happens to be in each of the main Buildings of the
University.
(ii) The Proctor, if he finds necessary, may recommend to the Vice-
Chancellor the appointment of a Perfect or Perfects from amongst the senior
students to help him for maintaining discipline and order in the University.
4. (i) The Proctor shall take such steps as he thinks necessary for the purpose of
ensuring disciplined behavior and good conduct of the part of every student
at all hours within the University Campus outside the Halls.
(ii) The students of the University will be provided by their respective Halls,
with identity cards, which they must produce on demand by the Proctor or
Assistant Proctors.
5. (i) The Vice-Chancellor may delegate such of his disciplinary powers as he
may think fit to the Proctor. The Vice-Chancellor shall issue standing orders
as regards the extent of the power, which he delegates to the Proctor.
(ii) The Proctor shall have the power to impose on a student a fine up to
TK.25.00 at a time for a breach of discipline or misconduct in the University
outside the Halls. If he is of opinion that a fine of TK.25 is not sufficient, he
shall have power to expel a student from the University for a period not
exceeding six months to be counted from the date of order. If, however, he is
of opinion that the cause requires expulsion for more than 6 months he shall
refer the case to the Vice-Chancellor for such actions as he may deem fit.
Any fine imposed by the Proctor on a student shall be reported to the
Provost of the Hall to which the student belongs.
(iii) The Assistant Proctor shall have powers to impose on a student a fine
not exceeding Tk.5.00 at a time, for breach of discipline or misconduct and
report their action to the Proctor and to the Provosts concerned who will
report such cases to the Vice-Chancellor.
(iv) No clubs or societies or students organization other than recognized
Unions or parties or entertainments shall be held within the premises of the
University nor shall a student play musical instrument or use a loud speaker
in the University premises during University hours without the previous
permission of the Proctor.
A breach of this will be treated as breach of discipline.
(v) The Proctor may take suitable action against any student who willfully
damages, disfigures or destroys University properties, or gardens, or does
not observe the rules for facilitating movement within the University and for
keeping the University neat and clean and for proper perking of cycles and
vehicles.
 (vi) Each teacher and officer of the University shall have proctorial powers
and he can when necessary take suitable action for maintaining discipline in
the University. Every such action shall be reported to the Proctor.
(vii) In an emergency, the Proctor or any of the Assistant Proctor can seek
help of any employee of the University in the discharge of his duties in the
University or outside, at all hours and it shall be the duty of the employee or
employees concerned to give him every reasonable assistance.
6. No student of the University individually or collectively shall declare a
“strike” of the University students nor shall a student prevent another student
of the University from attending the University classes, Laboratories and
Library.
A student found guilty of violation of the provisions of this Section will be
liable to punishment up to expulsion from this University.
Students absenting themselves from their classes on the days of strike will
be liable to forfeiture of their scholarships and stipends.
7. No meetings of the students of the University other than the meetings
organized by the University or by different Departments of the University or
by the students Unions recognized by the University, shall be held in any
part of the University without the precious permission of the Proctor. No
demonstration shall be organized within any part of the University.
A student found guilty of violation of the provisions of this Section will be
liable to punishment up to expulsion from the University.

Health facilities
1. A Health Board shall be composed of as follows to consider the question
affecting the health of students:
(i) The Pro-Vice Chancellor….. Chairman;
 (ii) The Chief Medical Officer…. Member-Secretary;
(iii) One Medical Officer to be nominated by the Chief Medical Officer
by rotation for one year;
(iv) One Provost of Men’s Hall to be nominated by the Vice-
Chancellor by rotation for one yeat;
(v) One Provost of Women’s Hall to be nominated by the Vice-
Chancellor by rotation for one year;
(vi) The director of physical education;
(vii) The director of students counseling and guidance;
(viii) The Proctor;
(ix) The Vice President, DUCSU;
(x) The general secretary of ducsu;
(xi) The general sectary, du teachers associations;
(xii) The gereral secretary, Dhaka university Karmachari Samity
(xiii) The general secretary, Dhaka university four class employees
union;
Four members of the board shall from a quorum.
2. The health shall meet as and when found necessary to receive the report
of the chief medical officer regarding the health of the student and shall
recommended such measures as it thinks fit.
3. The powers of the board shall be:-
to report to the syndicate on rules and regulations affecting the health of
students and in the case of epidemic, on the measures to be taken.
4. No audiences and regulations relating to health of students shall be
passed the syndicate unless the opinion of the board upon it has
previously been taken.
 5. The board shall have the right to express opinion on all schemes for
drainage or leveling before they are adopted by the syndicate.

Researcher’s Own Point of Views:

From above provision we can find the formation and duties of senate , syndicate,
proctorial system and students facilities .In the following ways I will discuss some
findings which is important for my study .

Senate is the most powerful organ of Dhaka University. Every function of

university is performed through the approval of senate. It will not be exaggerate to
say that senate is like a parliament of Bangladesh. Finance and annul report is
evaluated by senate which is presented by syndicate .Senate passes the resolution
and follows the instruction which is provided by statutes .In general sense without
approval of senate any work in university cannot be approved.

Syndicate is another very important organ of Dhaka University .Syndicate holds

control of university administration particularly lay budget before senate, appoints
teacher ,get hold of advice of finance committee on finance maters.Syndicate
regulates and determines all matters concerning the university .

Proctorial is the third important body of Dhaka university .Proctorial body has to
maintain discipline and security in the campus .Although it is quite difficult to
maintain large number of students in a faculty. Proctorial team can give
punishment for breaking university rules and regulation .
Library Facilities:

Pict: Central library of DU

The Dhaka University Library started as a part of the Dhaka University on the 1st
of July, 1921 with 18,000 books inherited from the libraries of the former Dhaka
College and Dhaka Law College. F.C. Turner, the former principal of Dhaka
College was the first librarian of the Dhaka University Library and Fakhruddin
Ahmed succeeded him in the post in 1922. At present the Dhaka University
Library has 6 lacs 80 thousand books and magazines. Besides that the Library has
30,000 rare manuscript; 20,000 old and rare books and large number of Tracts
(booklets, leaflets, pamphlets, and puthis). Some rare books and documents have
also been collected in microform. In the same way, rare books and reports, puthis,
Bengali Tracts and private collection of Buchanan on Bengal have been acquired
from the British . But library cannot fulfill the student’s academic demand ,most of
the books are backdated.
Cultural opportunity:

Pic:TSC of DU

Teachers and students center(TSC) is the main cultural center of DU . Every

students and teachers aggregate here to make their warm relation .But this
opportunity they cannot accept for available environment.

Health Facilities:

Health facilities in Dhaka university cannot fulfill the demand of students .There
have no qualified Doctors to give proper treatment .In DU medical center does not
has modern equipments in this case they are bound to go outside the campus for
better treatment.
Chapter: Five
Survey Data
Sample profile:

Table-1: Age distribution of the respondents

Age Frequency Percentage

20-29 12 48
30-39 2 8
40-49 5 20
50-59 4 16
60-69 2 8
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

The above table represents that the age of respondents ranged between 20 to 69
years. Out of 25 respondents 48 percent of the respondents are or 20 to 29 years.
While a little less percentage of 20 indicates that respondents are 40 to 49 years
old, 16 percent are of 50 to 59 years of age and the percentages of 8 indicates that
respondents are 30 to 39 and 60 to 69 years old.

Figure-1: Age distribution of the

respondents
150

100
Percentage
50 Frequency

0
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 Total
Table-2: Gender distribution of the respondents.

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 15 60%
Female 10 40%
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

Table -2: In this study 25 respondents have been taken for data collection
purpose where male 60% and female 40%.

The following figure-2 shows the table-2

Figure-2:Gender distribution of the

respondents
Frequency Percentage

100
60
40
15 10 25

Male Female Total

Table-3: Occupations of the respondents

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Student 12 48%
Teacher 7 28%
Officer 6 24%
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

Table 3 shows professional status of the respondents. This table indicates that
about 48% respondents are student, 28% respondents are teacher and 24%
respondents are officer. These Four categories of people have been covered For
this study purpose.

Perception of the respondents on Dhaka University Ordinance 1973:

Figure-3:Occupations of the
respondents
Student Teacher Officer

24%

48%

28%
Table-3: Occupations of the respondents

Occupation Frequency Percentage

Student 12 48%
Teacher 7 28%
Officer 6 24%
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

Table 3 shows professional status of the respondents. This table indicates that
about 48% respondents are student, 28% respondents are teacher and 24%
respondents are officer. These Four categories of people have been covered For
this study purpose.

Perception of the respondents on Dhaka University Ordinance 1973:

Figure-3:Occupations of the
respondents
Student Teacher Officer

24%

48%

28%
Table-4: Ordinance Compatibility with Present context

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Fully Compatible 0 0
Compatible 7 28
Partially
17 68
Compatible
Not Compatible 1 4
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

The table presents different opinions of the respondents of 1973’s

Compatibility with the present days. It shows 28% respondents have thought
that 1973 ordinance of DU is compatible with present days whereas 68%
thought it is Partially compatible. On the other hand 4% of the respondents have
been meant that it is not compatible with present days. No one of the
respondents have agreed that in is fully compatible with present days.

Perception of the Respondents on Senate and Syndicate:

Figure-4:Compatibility of DU order of
1973 with present days
Frequency Percentage

100
68
28 25
0 7 17 4
1
Fully Compatible Partially Not Total
Compatible Compatible Compatible
Table-5: Opinion about recruitment pannel of V.C

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Neutral 2 8%
Partially influenced by
3 12%
politics
Completely influenced
15 60%
by politics
No comments 5 20%
Total 25 100%
Source : Survey , 2011

The table presents different opinions of the respondents regarding the concept
of recruitment pannel of V.C. It shows that 60% respondents report that V.C
pannel is completely influenced by politics. 12% respondents report that this
partially influenced by politics while 8% have thought that recruitment pannel
of V.C in neutral.

Figure-5:Opinion about recruitment

pannel of VC

Neutral
20% 8%
12%
Partially influenced by
politics
Completely influenced by
60% politics
No comments
Table-6: respondents opinion about VC impeachment power of Senate

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Should have 16 64%
Shouldn't have 4 16%
No comments 5 20%
Total 25 100%
Source : Survey , 2011

Here the table shows that 64% of the respondents want the power of Senate to
impeach V.C. On the other hand 16% have thought Senate shouldn’t have this
type of power. 20% of the respondents haven’t given any comments about this
issue

Figure-6:Respondents opinion about

VC impeachment power of Senate
Frequency Percentage

100

64

20 25
16 16
4 5
Should have shouldn't have No comments Total
Table-7: Budget monitoring by senate and syndicate

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Enough
2 8
monitoring
Weak
22 88
monitoring
No monitoring 1 4
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

The table shows that most of the respondents (i.e. 88%) think Budget
monitoring by Senate and Syndicate is weak while only 8% respondents
answered in the positive i.e have enough monitoring. 4% of the respondents
haven’t given any response

Figure-7:Buget monitoring by senate

and syndicate
120
100 100
88
80
60
Frequency
40
Percentage
20 22 25
8 4
0 2 1
Enough Weak No Total
monitoring monitoring monitoring
Table-8: Role of Proctorial team

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Neutral 3 12
Biased 6 24
Controversial 12 48
No comments 4 16
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

This table respondents perceptions of the respondents regarding the role of the
Proctorial team. 24% of the respondents think the role of proctorial team is
biased and 12% report controversial while only 3% assume neutral. 16% of the
respondent haven’t given any comments about this issue.

Figure-8:Role of Proctorial Team

14

Controversial, 1
12
2

10

6 Biased, 6 Frequency

No
4
comments, 4
Neutral, 3
2

0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Table-9: Respondents opinion about procession meeting, miking on class time.

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Proper law implementation
3 12%
is needed
Stern law is to be made 2 8%
Existing law is enough 1 4%
Should be banned 19 76%
Total 25 100%
Source : Survey , 2011

The table demonstrates that 76% of the respondents have answered in the
negetive i.e they are against procession, meeting, miking and using loud speaker
on class time. So they think those activities should be banned by law.

The table also indicates that 12% respondents think proper law implementation
is needed while.

8% respondents think stern law is to made

On the other hand only 4% of the respondents think inserting law is enough.

Figure-9:Respondents opinion about

procession,meeting,miking on class
time
Frequency Percentage

Total 25 100

Should be banned 19 76

Existing law is enough 14

Stern law is to be made 2 8

Proper law implementation is needed 3 12

Table-10: Opinion about discipline maintenance by an Asst. Proctor

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Possible to maintain 8 32%
Not possible to
17 68%
maintain
Total 25 100%
Source: Survey , 2011

From the table 10 we see that 68% people think it is not possible for a single
Assistant proctor to maintain discipline of a huge number of students of a
faculty. Whereas 32% respondents think it is possible.

Figure-10:Respondents opinion about

discipline maintainance by an
Asst.Proctor

100

68
50
17
8 32
0

Frequency
Percentage

Possible to maintain Not possible to maintain

Table-11: Respondents opinion about party politics:

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Fully responsible 10 40%
A little bit responsible 15 60%
Not responsible 0 0%
No comments 0 0%
Total 25 100%
Source : Survey , 2011

This table reflects the views of the respondents regarding party politics. Most of
the respondents (i.e 40%) think party politics is fully respondents for hampering
student facilities while 60% think a little bit respondents for it.

Figure-11:Respondents opinion-Party
politics hampering student fascilities

150

100
100
50 60
40
10 15 25
0 0
0

Frequency Percentage
Table-12: Causes behind the residence crisis in DU

Opinion Frequency Percentage

Administrative
7 28%
indifference
Financial crisis 6 24%
Political interference 0 0%
All the above 12 48%
Total 25 100
Source : Survey , 2011

In the table shows 28% thinks that residential crisis of students cause
administrative indifference .24% thinks financial crisis is the main cause s for
residential crisis and 48% thinks administrative indifference, financial crisis and
political political interference causes residential crisis.

Figure-12:Causes behind the

residence crisis in DU
140
120
100
80 100
60
40 48
20 28 24 25
0 7 6 0 12

Frequency Percentage
 Chapter: Six
Field Survey Analysis
Major Findings and Recommendations:
Major findings of the study have been started here in brief. On the basis of the
findings has been drown by means of literature and survey a general idea about
Dhaka University Ordinance, 1973 and present reality can be revealed. The
overall findings of the study may however, be summarized as follows:

Dhaka University Ordinance is an important issue for every student, teacher and
university employees. Most of the respondents-mainly students are little bit aware
of it. Some of the teacher do not have complete concept about D.U ordinance.

Though Teachers are aware of ordinance and officers are aware of main issues of
ordinance but they don’t want to give their comments and response many
important issues. They skip to give some important issues their opinions about D.U
ordinance .

Among the respondents some of them think Dhaka University Ordinance , 1973 is
compatible with present days but most of the respondents think this ordinance
partially compatible.

Most of the respondent (i.e. 60%) Think recruitment Panel of V.C which is formed
by senate is completely influenced by senate.

Respondents (64%) report that in case of major crime V.C should be impeached.
Senate should have the power to impeach V.C

Respondents are not clear about the monitoring system of budget implementation.
They assume budget monitoring by senate and syndicate is not enough. 88%
respondents think like that.
In terms of proctorial system respondents divided into three groups. One group
(24%) Think proctorial team’s role are biased other group (12%) think
controversial. Only 3% assume Proctorial team is neutral.

Respondents report that it is not possible for single Asst. Proctor to maintain
discipline of huge number of Students of a faculty

Most of the respondents (i.c76%) are against meeting, Procession making on the
class time though few student are not agree with it

It is revealed by the respondents (i.e. 40%) that Party Politics is the main cause for
hampering student facilities 60% respondent think party politics has little bit
influence to hamper student facilities

Authoritative indifference, financial crisis, political corruption are the main cause
behind the resided crisis of D.U. Along with they (60% respondents) think
administrative indifference are one of the major cause for incompatibility of D.U
library.

In some of the issue of D.U ordinance respondents give full (100%) response such
as they are agree that student health facilities should be increased. DUCSU election
should be helpful for students.

On the other hand, respondents have different and controversial opinion about
teacher recruitment, accountability issues. Most of the respondents have said that
in D.U Ordinance these issues should be more clear.

It is not need to make only new law for accountability of teacher rather it should
come from every teacher by their own self. Above all most of the respondents
think D.U Ordinance have the partial relevance with present time. Only a few
changes are needed to make it more compatible with present reality.
 Chapter: Eight
Recommendations and
Conclusion
Recommendations:

From above findings it is proved that Dhaka university ordinance is not absolutely
compatible with present context .In the following ways we are mentioning some
recommendations that should be included in next ordinance.

 To remove residence crisis, Pooper planning should be taken by the authority.

Check and balance is needed to lead planning commission to remove this crisis.
For this political corruption, administrative indifference should be removed.

 Budget should be increased for good health facilities of the student

 Party politics should be banned from both teachers and students in University
area.
 DUCSU election should be held so that student representative will emerge.
 Fair appointment is needed to recruit teacher. crime teachers should be show
caused. This power should be decentralize from V.C to Dean and chairman.
 Teacher’s accountability issues in ordinance should be more clear. It should be
ensured by ordinance.
 Their need’s a selection Board to recruit by the syndicate. Selection board
should recommend a perfect person as a teacher to a syndicate.
 Good monitoring system, Budget implementation, punishment system should
be included for the improvement of the library.
 Syndicate member should carry on their duties neutrally
 Pretoria system should be more strong and neutral. It should be modern and
more equipped.
 University crime should be reduce officer employed, teacher.
 As an Asst. proctor cannot maintain discipline of a huge students of a faculty
so every faculty should have a discipline body to maintain this. This should
be paid and should be neutral in cause of judgment.
 To make the role of senate more effective political influence should be
removed.
 Govt. control should be decreased from senate for its effectiveness.
 Senate formation in too political so it should be changed for the betterment
of senate.
 V.C should be impeached by the senate thought proper investigation by the
recommendation of the president
 Senate should be formed on the bam of contemporary demand of situation or
time.
 The V.C should be regularly by the senate on the bass of efficiency and
quality
Conclusion:

Dhaka University is the highest expected institution in Bangladesh From the very
inception; DU stands against Oppression, deprivation, and disparity. In The time of
British Indian period, DU was able to have prestigious positions for its famous
teacher’s and education system over the world. After the separation of Pakistan
from in die in 1947, DU gradually is on the point of 10siag its reputation.

In different times different ordinance is made for running DU smoothly But

after 1947 any ordinance can’t able to give back its reputations rather different
time governments tried to control DU for getting submission to government. The
most silent decay in our national life has occurred in the sector of higher education,
which is due to the teacher’s student politics

Frequent strikes, violence and other impediments have been taking a heavy tool on
the general student of the public universities. we also think that government should
go for amendment of the university ordinance 1973. To bring back the universities
to the right track. Education is the area which has been kept above all political
rivalry in most of the counties in the world. Sadly the politicians of Bangladesh are
conspicuously devoid of such sense.

Naked Politicization in every field of national life has not spared the education
sector and political nepotism in recruiting unfit teachers has also contributed to the
decline quality in higher education

It is right time to take proper initiative for a permanent ban on polities by teachers
and students of public University in a bid to restore proper academic atmosphere in
the institution of higher education
Bibliography

1. Taraque Fozol, University Act, 1973: Reform proposal,

Academic publishers, Dhaka, 1994.

2. Two-hundred years of Higher Education of Bangladesh,

edited by Topon Bugchi and Mohammad Syful Islam.

3. M. Moniruzzaman Miah, Higher Education: some speak,

Kakoli publication, 2003.

4. Rofiqul Islam, Eighty years of DU, Ononno Publication,

2003.

5. Rongolal Sen, Bangladesh and Dhaka university Shikha

publications, 2003.

6. Shahidul Islam, University and Autonomy, Shikkha Barta

publication, 2008.

7. Dr. Momtaz-Uddin Patoari present scenario of education

system of Onindo prokash, 2007.

8. Muntasir Mamun, Dhaka Shomogro, 2005.

9. World survey of education UNESCO, Paris, 1971.

10. Rounaq Johan, Bangladesh politics: problems and Issues,

UPL, Dhaka, 1980.
11. Rounaq Jahan, Pakistan: Failure in National Integration
UPL, 1980.

12. Rounaq Jahan, the foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal

Muslim League and Muslim Politics: 1906-1947.

13. The University as an Institution today, A UNESCO

publication, 1993.

14. Article “Dhaka University: In favor of and against

Independence”, Bhorer Kagoj 17.1.93.

15. Article “Dhaka University” No more against of

Independence” Bhorer Kagoj, 8.7.93

16. Article “Dhaka University and ordinance 1973, Ajker

Kagoj, 01.06.95.

17. Article “Dhaka University Election and its result”, Bangla

Bazar Potrika, 11-01-93.

18. Jai Jai Din, 27.12.94.

19. The constitution of Bangladesh, Article-52, 53, 57.

20. The Daily Prothom Alo, 1.1.99.

21. The Daily Prothom Alo, 14.9.2000.

22. The Daily Sombad, 10, 12, 13, 14, 24, 28, 29, 30,
December, 1986.

23. Dr. Harun-Or-Rashid, Bangladesh: Politics, Government

and executive developments (1757-2000), New age
publications, 2001.

24. Emajuddin Ahmed, Serestha Prabandha (A collection of

better articles) Shikhor publications.

25. The Daily Star, 16, 2007, September

26. The Daily Star, weekly publication, “Vibrant at 90”, 15

July, 2011.

27. “After Math of DU violence,” September, 16, 2007. The

Daily Star.

28. DU Incident and after math, September, 11, 2007.

29. The Daily Prothom Alo, September, 15, 2007.

Appendix

Self-Administered Questionnaire

Dhaka University Ordinance, 1973 and Present Reality: An Overview

Hello!

I am a master’s student of the dept. of Political Science at the University

of Dhaka. In partial fulfillment of my master’s degree, I have to prepare
a research monograph. For this purpose, I have undertaken the above
mentioned research/ project. In this respect, I seek your generous co-
operation; you are cordially requested to fulfill this questionnaire very
carefully. Note that all the information provided by you will be kept
strictly confidential. Data will be used on for this academic research. If
you do not fed comfortable with answering any question(s) due to their
personal nature, then feel or free to leave them blank. But you are
requested to write the correct answer that you believe to be. I would
really appreciate if I could take 20-25 minutes of your time.

Thanks in advance!
Section A: Demographic Characteristics

Name: ......................................................

Occupation: ..............................................

Gender: ....................................................

Age: .........................................................

Section B: Primary Concept

(1) Are you aware of Dhaka University Ordinance 1973?

A. Completely aware of
B. A little bit aware of
C. Heard about it
D. Not aware of

(2) Do you think this order is compatible with present days?

A. Fully compatible

B. compatible

C. Partially compatible

D. Not compatible.
Section: C
[Information about senate]
(3) Do you know about the functions of senate?
A. Yes
B. No

(4) “Senate is not free from political influence due to its formation
mechanism” give your opinion about this issue ......................

(5) What is your opinion about the recruitment panel of vice-chancellor

which is formed by the senate?
A. Neutral
B. A little bit politically influenced
C. Completely politically influenced
D. No Comments
(6) Do you think senate should have the power to impeach v.c?
A. Should have
B. Should not have
C. No comments
Section D:

[Information about Syndicate]

(7) What is your opinion about government control in terms of making

effective role of syndicate?

A. increase effectiveness

B. Decrease effectiveness

C. Free from govt. control.

D. Others

(8) In many case, the syndicate does not play the proper role to recruit
the teachers. Give your opinion......................

(9) Do you think the monitoring of senate and syndicate for

implementation of budget is enough?

A. Enough monitoring

B. Weak monitoring

C. No monitoring
Section E:
[Information about Proctorial Team]
(10) Do you know about the Functions of Positional team?
A. Yes
B. NO
[Information about Proctorial Team]
(11) Do you think the proctorial team is neutral enough in doing their
duties properly?
A. Neutral
B. Biased
C. Controversial
D. No comments

(12) What is your opinion about meeting, procession, using loudspeaker

and horn while class in running
A. Proper law implementation is needed.
B. stern law is to be made.
C. Existing law is enough.
D. should be banned.
(13) Is it possible for a single assistant proctor to maintain discipline of a
huge number of students of a faculty?

A. Possible

B. Not Possible
Section F:

[Information about student Facilities]

(14) Is party polities responsible for hampering student’s facilities?

A. Fully responsible

B. A little bit responsible

C. Not responsible

D. No comments

(15)The residence crisis of Dhaka University can’t be removed

because ................

A. Administrative indifference

B. Financial Crisis

C. Political interference

D. All the above.

16. Do you think the health facility provided by university is enough for
students?

A. Yes

B. No
(17) Despite having a huge budget Dhaka university library is not
compatible with present days. What is liable for it?

A. Authoritative indifference
B. Administrative corruption
C. Both
D. Others

(18) Do you think the present condition D.U student will be promoted if
DUCSU election is held?

A. Yes

B. No

Thank you for your time and patience