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MMW - 6.1 Sets - Definitions and Terminologies

The document defines what a set is as a collection of distinct objects called elements or members, and provides examples of different types of sets such as finite, infinite, and empty sets. It also describes key terms and symbols used in sets like subset, element, cardinality, and provides examples to illustrate concepts like subsets and their numbers.

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69 views1 page

MMW - 6.1 Sets - Definitions and Terminologies

The document defines what a set is as a collection of distinct objects called elements or members, and provides examples of different types of sets such as finite, infinite, and empty sets. It also describes key terms and symbols used in sets like subset, element, cardinality, and provides examples to illustrate concepts like subsets and their numbers.

Uploaded by

Jarvis Rojo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ateneo de Davao University

No portion of this module is permitted to be uploaded to other resource sharing platforms.

Module 6.1 Sets – Definition and Terminologies

What is a Set?

A set is a collection of distinct objects called elements or members of the set. No two elements of
a set are the same. Set braces, { }, are used to enclose the elements.

Example: What is the set of all letters in the word “Mississippi”?


Answer: X = {i, M, p, s}

Can be read as ‘The set X is the set of all the all letters contained in the word “Mississippi”

Note: Arranging the elements in a certain order helps in identifying possible patterns.

Types of Sets

▪ Finite set – countable elements A = {2, 4, 6}


▪ Infinite set – all elements cannot be listed B = {1, 3, 5, …}

The three dots (ellipsis) show that the list continues in the same pattern indefinitely.

▪ Empty Set – the set containing no elements is called an empty set, or null set. It is usually written
∅ or { }.

Example: What is the set of all even prime numbers between 10 and 20?
Answer: ∅ (The only even prime number is 2.)

Cardinality of Sets

The cardinality of a set, denoted by |𝐴|, refers to the number of elements in a set.

Example:
Given A = {a, b, c, d}, what is |𝐴|? Answer: 4
How many elements are in the set {∅}? Answer: 1

Terms and Symbols in Sets

Symbol Meaning Example


∈ element of 2 ∈ {2, 4, 6, 8}
∉ not an element of 1 ∉ {2, 4, 6, 8}
⊂ proper subset {2, 3, 4} ⊂ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (some)
means A has some elements of B
⊆ subset {2, 3, 4} ⊆ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (some)
means A has some (or all) elements {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} ⊆ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} (all)
of B
⊈ not a subset {2, 3, 7} ⊈ {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Number of Subsets

If a set contains n elements, then the number of subsets of the set is 2n.

Example:
How many subsets does A = {a, b, c} have? Answer: n = 3 2n = 23 = 8 subsets
{a}, {b}, {c}, {a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}, { }

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