International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

OBJECT SORTING MACHINE USING ARDUINO-UNO

Ameya Karode1, Pranav Mahajan2
1,2Student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, P.E.S’s Modern College of Engineering, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract – This paper focuses on the concept of object sorting 3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
machine using Arduino-Uno and its working. This machine can
mainly be used in warehouses and industries where certain To build a prototype of an object sorting machine based
parts such as glass bottles have to be reused and are large in on height of object as a parameter which will sort 10
quantity. Using this machine will save the time and cost to be objects/minute.
paid to a worker in case of sorting the objects manually. The 4. COMPONENTS USED
average sorting time for an object is 6 seconds.
This machine can be implemented in industries where S.NO NAME OF DESCRIPTION
Mechatronics systems are used. COMPONENT
1 Arduino Uno  Microcontroller:
Key Words: OBJECT SORTING, ARDUINO UNO,
ULTRASONIC SENSOR, CONVEYOR, L293D MOTOR ATmega328
DRIVER, 12V DC MOTOR.  Operating Voltage: 5V
 Input Voltage
1. INTRODUCTION (recommended): 7-12V
 Input Voltage (limits):
The object sorting machine can mainly be used in
6-20V
warehouses and industries and help in reducing errors while
sorting and reduce human effort. The main features of this  Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of
machine are high repeatability, robust in design, and which 6 provide PWM
requires less maintenance. output)
 Analog Input Pins: 6
2. LITERATURE REVIEW  DC Current per I/O
1. Title: “Model design and simulation of automatic sorting Pin: 40 mA
machine using proximity sensor” by I,A Daniyan, Esoso  DC Current for 3.3V
Aghor. Pin: 50 mA
 Flash Memory: 32 KB
This paper deals with separating species of non- ferrous of which 0.5 KB used by
objects and at the same time moving objects automatically to bootloader
the basket as defined by the regulation of the Programmable
Logic Controllers (PLC) with a capacitive proximity sensor to  SRAM: 2 KB
detect a value range of objects. Each object has been sorted (ATmega328)
correctly into the designated compartment with an average  EEPROM: 1 KB
sorting time of 9.9, 14.1 and 18.5 seconds for plastic, wood (ATmega328)
and steel objects respectively. The authors conclude that PLC
is the ‘brain’ of the sorting system to executes the
Clock Speed: 16 MHz
programmed functions.
2 12 V DC 30 rpm dc motor
2. Title: “PLC Based Object Sorting Automation” by Aditya motor
Deshpande, Rucha Kulkarni, Rucha Moghe.

This paper focuses on the need to develop Low Cost

Automation (LCA) for sorting products in an accurate
manner. The authors have developed a LCA system for
sorting the light weight objects on the basis of height
variation using DC geared motors which is controlled by
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Finally, the authors
conclude that the LCA system reduces cycle time, improves

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4837
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3 Ultrasonic Pin Pin Description

sensor
No. Name

1 Vcc Powers the

sensor,
+5V.

2 Trigger Input pin.

3 Echo Output
pin.

4 Gnd Connected Fig-1: Circuit Diagram.

to the
Ground.

4 Conveyor Belt Rubber conveyor belt

5 Shaft Stainless Steel shaft

6 L293D  Supply Voltage

Range 4.5V to 36V.
 600-
mA Output current
capability per driver.
 Separate Input-logic
supply.
 It can drive small DC-
geared motors,
Fig-2: Construction (Angle 1).
bipolar
stepper motor.
 Pulsed Current 1.2-A
Per Driver.
 Thermal Shutdown.

8 Pulley Plastic Pulley for conveyor

belt
9 12V battery 12 V, 2.5 A battery for power
supply
10 Frame Mild Steel Frame as a base

5. CONSTRUCTION

The shafts on which the pulleys are mounted , are inserted on

opposite sides of frame. The shaft of DC motor is inserted in Fig-3: Construction (Angle 2).
one of the pulleys. The conveyor belt is placed on the pulleys
and the Ultrasonic sensor is mounted at the center of the belt
at certain distance away from the belt. Arduino is placed
along with L293D at the bottom of the belt. Refer diagram.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4838
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

6. WORKING REFERENCES

[1] Y V Aruna, Beena S “Automatic convey or System with

In–Process Sorting Mechanism using PLC and HMI
System”, Int. Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 11, (Part - 3)
November 2015, pp.37-42
[2] Albert T. Jones , Charles R. McLean ,”A proposed
hierarchical control model for automated manufacturing
systems”, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg,
Maryland, USA
[3] D. A. Wahab, A. Hussain, E. Scavino, M.M. Mustafa and H.
Basri “Development of a Prototype Automated Sorting
System for Plastic Recycling” American Journal of
Applied Sciences 3 (7): 1924-1928, 2006 ISSN 1546-
9239 © 2006 Science Publications.
[4] Razieh Pourdarbani, Hamid
Reza Ghassemzadeh, Hadi Seyedarabi, Fariborz
Zaare Nahandi, Mohammad Moghaddam Vahed: Study
on an automatic sorting system for Date Fruits
J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 14 (2015), pp. 83-90

BIOGRAPHIES
Fig-4: Block Diagram AMEYA KARODE
The object is placed at the center of the conveyor in the range Student at P.E.S’s Modern College
of the Ultrasonic sensor. The sensor senses the object based Of Engineering, Pune.
on its height which is inserted into the program of Arduino Branch: Mechanical Engineering
and if the object has a height more than the decided height,
the conveyor belt moves towards one side and if the object
has a height less than the decided height, the conveyor belt
moves towards the other side. As the speed of the motor is PRANAV MAHAJAN
30rpm, we decide the delay in the program for the conveyor Student at P.E.S’s Modern College
belt to stop so that the next object can be placed and in this Of Engineering, Pune.
way, 10 objects can be sorted in a minute. As the range of Branch: Mechanical Engineering
Ultrasonic sensor is 2-25 centimeters, the object is placed on
the conveyor at a distance of more than 2 centimeters. Since
we have made a prototype, the object is placed manually, but
in industries the object can be placed using pick and place
robot or using any other means by which the object will
automatically get placed at a distance of more than 2
centimeters in case ultrasonic sensor is used.
7. CONCLUSION

In this paper concept of object sorting machine is explained

with the help of a prototype which sorts objects according to
their height. Although the prototype shown in this paper is a
smal scale model, it can be designed and manufactured for
large scale industrial applications. While testing the
prototype, we also observed that the machine has high
repeatability. Instead of Ultrasonic sensor, Capacitive type
proximity sensor can also be used which when mounted at a
certain height on the frame, can detect the presence of object
and the conveyor will move towards one side and if the
object is below the decided height, it will not get detected
and thus the conveyor will move towards the other side. A
significant amount of cost can be reduced if this machine is
implemented in industries.

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