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Problems

The document describes several problems involving mass balances, reaction kinetics, and differential equations. The problems are to be solved using Excel, MATLAB, or both. Key steps involve setting up and solving systems of equations, numerically solving differential equations using the explicit Euler method, and plotting graphs of concentration vs. time and other variable relationships.

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Ahasan Ridoy
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92 views5 pages

Problems

The document describes several problems involving mass balances, reaction kinetics, and differential equations. The problems are to be solved using Excel, MATLAB, or both. Key steps involve setting up and solving systems of equations, numerically solving differential equations using the explicit Euler method, and plotting graphs of concentration vs. time and other variable relationships.

Uploaded by

Ahasan Ridoy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 1 (Excel)

Drinking water is produced by partially freezing salt water to create salt-free ice and a brine solution. If
saltwater is 3.50%w salt, and the brine solution is 9%w salt, determine how many kg of saltwater must be
processed to produce 2.00 kg of ice.

Mass balance
Total balance
S=I+B
S=2+B
(1) S – B = 2
Salt balance
0.035S = 0.09B + I.0
0.035S – 0.09B = 0
(2) 0.035S – 0.09B = 0
Water balance
0.965S = 0.91B + I
0.965S = 0.91B + 2
(3) 0.965S – 0.91B = 2
Problem 2 (Excel and Matlab)

A liquid mixture containing 31%w benzene (B), 34%w toluene (T), and 35%w xylene (X) is fed to a
distillation column operating at steady state. Product streams emerge from the distillate, middle fraction,
and underflow of the column. The distillate contains 91%w X and 7%w T, middle fraction contains
88%w T, 8%w X, and the underflow contains 96w% B and 3%w T. The volumetric flow rate of the feed
is 2000 liters/h and the specific gravity of the feed mixture is 0.872.

(a) Determine the mass flow rate of the distillate in kg/h (b) mass flow rate of benzene, toluene, and
xylene in the underflow, middle fraction, and distillate (c) calculate the distillate flow rate (kg/h)
produced by 10,000 L/day of feed (d) the ratio (kg distillate/kg feed)

Mass flow rate


M = 2000 L/hr × 0.872 kg/L = 1744 kg/hr

Mass balance
Total balance
(1) D + M + U = 1744
Benzene balance
(2) 0.96U + 0.04M + 0.02D = 1744×0.31 = 540.64
Toluene balance
(3) 0.03U + 0.88M + 0.07D = 1744×0.34 = 592.96
Xylene balance
(4) 0.01U + 0.08M + 0.91D = 1744×0.35 = 610.40
Problem 3 (Excel)

A first order reaction is governed by A → B and has rate


dCA
=−k C A
dt
Where CA is the concentration (kmol/m3), t is time, and k is a rate constant. The initial concentration is
CA0 = 5 kmol/m3, and k = 1 s-1.

Solve for CA(t) two ways: (1) analytically by separating variables and integrating; (2) using the Explicit
Euler method. For the Euler method, evaluate the rate (RHS function) at time n, then solve the whole
equation for values at time n+1.
d C A C A −C A
≈ n+ 1
=f ( C A )C A =f ( C A ) ∆ t +C A =(−k C A ) ∆t +C A
n

dt t n+1−t n n n+ 1 n n n n

Plot the two versions of CA(t) on the same plot. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and
legends so that you can clearly communicate the solution. Use a time step size of ∆ t = 0.5 s and plot to tend
= 7 s (14 steps)

Problem 4(1-3) (Matlab)

1. A biomass growth of a certain bacterial species is governed by the reaction rate:


dX
=µX
dt
Where X is the biomass concentration (g/L), t is time, and µ is the specific reaction rate. The initial
concentration of the bacteria is X0 = 2 g/L, and k = 1 s-1.

Plot the X(t) versus t graph. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and legends so that you can
clearly communicate the solution.

2. Solve the differential equation:


dY 2
=Y
dt
Where initial condition: Y0 = 0.15
Plot the Y(t) versus t graph. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and legends so that you can
clearly communicate the solution.

3. Solve the differential equation:


dY 2
=Y +Yt
dt
Where initial condition: Y0 = 1.5×10-14
Plot the Y(t) versus t graph. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and legends so that you can
clearly communicate the solution.
Problem 5 (Matlab)

For consecutive reactions:


A K 1B K2C
→ →

Follows the rate equation given below:


d[A]
=−k 1 [ A]
dt
d [B]
=k 1 [ A ]−k 1 [B ]
dt
d [C ]
=k 2 [B]
dt

Where [A], [B], [C] is the concentration (kmol/m 3), t is time, k1 and k2 are the rate constants. The initial
concentrations are is [A0] = 5 kmol/m3, [B0] = 5 kmol/m3, [C0] = 0 kmol/m3, k1 = 0.5 s-1, and k1 = 0.3 s-1

Plot the [A], [B], [C] versus t graph. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and legends so that
you can clearly communicate the solution.

2D plotting
Problem 6

Damped oscillation equation: y=e−at sin(bt)


Where, a = 1, b = 1, t (initial: 0, final: 20, interval: 0.1)
Plot the y versus t graph. Label and format the plot including axis labels, and legends so that you can
clearly communicate the solution.

Problem 7

Plot the data included in the table:


a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
b 1 4 5 7 8 9 2 4 5 6
c 1 2 7 5 6 4 2 3 4 7
Plot the b versus a graph overlapped with c versus a graph. Label and format the plot including axis
labels, tittle, and legends so that you can clearly communicate the solution.

3D plotting
3D Line plot:

Problem 8 (Matlab)

t (initial: 0, final: 10π, interval: π/50)


s(t) = sin(t)
c(t) = cos(t)
Problem 9 (Matlab)

t (initial: 0, final: 40π, interval: π/500)


x(t) = ¿
y(t) = sin ( √ 32t )
z(t) = ¿

3D plotting
3D surface plot:

Problem 10 (Matlab)

x (initial: -2, final: 2, interval: 0.25)


y=x
2 2
F = X e− x − y

Problem 11 (Matlab)

x(initial: 1, final: 10, interval: 0.5)


y(initial: 1, final: 20, interval: 1)

Z = sin(x) + cos(y)
C = xy

Problem 12 (Matlab)

{
xb ,∧x< 5
y=f ( x )= a √ x ,∧x=5
2

2c
,∧x >5
x
Where , a=7 , b=12,∧c=21

Solve the equation using conditional coding using Matlab. Use function that takes any independent
variable as an input and returns the output y or f(x) depending on the value of x as conditions given in the
equation.

Problem 13 (Matlab)

Write a Matlab code using for loop to calculate the summation of consecutive numbers from 1, 2, ….., 49,
50.

Problem 14 (Matlab)

Write a Matlab code to calculate 7! using for/while loop.

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