Guitar Lesson One

Tuning up The most difficult task that a beginning guitarist faces is tuning the instrument. As it takes time to develop a sense of pitch, I recommend that you use an electronic tuner at first. If you don't have one, go get one. It is impossible to learn to play on an out of tune guitar. You can pick up an electronic tuner for as little as $19.95, and it will pay for itself before the end of this first lesson. Make sure that the sales person shows you how to use it, and pay attention to what they tell you. If the instructions don't make sense to you, DO NOT leave the store until you understand EXACTLY how to use the tuner. If the sales person acts like they have something better to do than educate you on how to tune the guitar, leave a complaint with the management and go buy a tuner somewhere else. Playing in tune is THAT important! Begin by tuning your guitar using your electronic tuner. Check for accuracy by comparing the pitch of each string to tuning.mid. As you work on this lesson, try tuning to the MIDI file by ear and then double checking for accuracy with your electronic tuner. This lesson is divided into four parts: Theory Technique - Left hand Technique - Right hand Music

Theory
Notes are named after the first seven letters in the alphabet. In order, they are: A-B-C-D-E-F-G

Between any two notes, except B - C and E - F, we also have a sharp and/or flat note. These are the symbols that are used to denote sharp and flat:

= sharp = flat

If we list the notes, again, and include the sharps and flats, we get: A - A#/Bb - B - C - C#/Db - D - D#/Eb - E - F - F#/Gb - G - G#/Ab - A

One important thing to notice is that X#/Xb is one note that has two names (The term used to describe this is ENHARMONIC). For example, A# is the exact same note as Bb. Sometimes, one name will be used, and sometimes the other name will be used. We will cover this in much greater detail in a later lesson. For now, it's only important that you know the names of the notes. Another thing to notice is that after G#/Ab We arrive at A again. This second A vibrates exactly twice as fast as the first A, and therefore, the ear tends to hear it as another version of the same note. The second A is called the OCTAVE of the first A. If we continue after the second A, we getA#/Bb an OCTAVE higher than the first, B an OCTAVE higher, C an OCTAVE higher etc., etc., until we get to A again. This A is two OCTAVEShigher than the first A. If we keep going, the whole pattern just repeats over and over until we can't get any higher on the instrument. (If you didn't run out of notes, you could keep right on going until the notes were so high that only a dog could hear them!) The same is true if you travel in the opposite direction. The pattern repeats until you run out of notes, or the neighbors call the cops (whichever comes first). Here's something to help you remember the sharps and flats. If you sharpen a pencil, you raise a point on it. Therefore, if you play A and then play the next higher note, you would call the second note A#. If you flatten a pop can, you mash it down. Likewise, if you play B and then play the nextlower note, you would call the second note Bb. Remember that A# and Bb are the exact same note or ENHARMONIC. This may be a bit confusing but, you'el get used to it. All you have to remember is A through G of the alphabet and a #/b note in between every two notes except B - C and E - F (there's no such note asB# or Cb, likewise, E# or Fb. There is an exception to this but, that's way down the road!).

Now, the strings of the guitar are tuned E A D G B E from the lowest sounding to the highest sounding. What I have for you, is an exercise that uses the A-string to practice playing and naming the notes. Don't worry about the standard music notation right now. Just follow the TAB until you get the idea. Once you get the idea of the exercise, don't use the TAB either. You have to know this stuff by heart. The idea of this exercise is to start on the OPEN (if you just play the string without putting any finger down on it, its called OPEN) A-string and play each note, in order, up and down the string, while naming the note out loud to yourself. Don't worry about which left-hand fingers to use. Just use whatever seems comfortable. We'el start worrying about which fingers to use later. It looks like this:

I only took the exercise up to the 12th fret but, you could keep going as high up the neck as possible before heading back down to the OPEN string. (Up and down directions on guitar ALWAYS refer to the pitch of the notes. If you go up the neck, you go from playing lower sounding notes to higher sounding notes. If you go down the neck, you go from playing higher sounding notes to lower sounding notes.)

Once you can go up and down the A-string and name the notes (Don't worry about trying to remember exactly where each note is. That will come later. Just get the pattern of how the notes are named so that you know it by heart.), do the same thing on the other strings. If you start on the D-string (or any other string), the pattern is still the same. You're just starting in a different spot: D - D# - E - F - F# - G - G# - A - A# - B - C - C# - D

I left out the flats because I'm tired of typing them, but they're still there, just like before.

This lesson is divided into four parts: Theory Technique - Left hand Technique - Right hand Music

Guitar Lesson One - Left Hand Technique

For now, we will work each hand separately. When you're working on one hand, don't worry about how the other is doing it's job. Just concentrate on getting the hand you are working to do what it is supposed to. If you start right at the beginning and make yourself practice correct technique, you will NOT run into any of the road blocks that a lot of guitarists encounter after they have played for a few years. Most tend to learn the hard way. They opt for sloppy technique instead of spending the time and effort to get it right from start. I've seen this time and time again. A player reaches a certain level only to have to start back at the beginning and re-learn such things as hand position or picking. This is because improper technique will limit your ability to play like a "mother". In the beginning a player is usually more interested in learning to whip out a few cool songs, but when they try to step beyond that and really play, they find that they can't get the "high performance" that they need out of their hands.

Technique is based on efficiency and economy. Correct positioning and use of the hands is essential in order to maximize your ability to get at the notes that you need to play. I can't stress this enough. Take the time to get it right. In the long run you'el save yourself a lot of back-tracking. Left Hand: There are two basic left hand positions: Classical (opens in new window) Baseball bat (opens in new window) The most versatile left-hand position is the classical position. This is the position we will concentrate on. The baseball bat position is very useful but also very limiting. It will come into play later when we deal directly with string bending, vibrato and certain chords. But, for now, the classical position will allow you to develop the ability to use all of your fingers with equal control and agility. Try this test: Place your thumb in the center of the back of the neck, as per the illustration for classical position. Now, spread your remaining fingers out as wide as you can (With a little practice and relaxation, you will eventually be able to cover 6 frets easily, without moving your hand!). While keeping your fingers spread, slowly move your thumb up and over the top of the neck until you have it hanging over the fingerboard, as in the baseball bat position. Notice what happens to the rest of your fingers. There's just no way to keep them spread out with the thumb hanging over the fingerboard. This fact limits your access to three or four frets at a time with little or no mobility if you flop your thumb over the top of the neck. Another way of thinking about position draws from driving a car. If you've ever taken a driver training course, the first thing they make you do is to put your hands on the wheel at 10 o'clock and 2 o'clock (10-2 position). This is the best hand position for being able to control the vehicle. Now, nobody in their right mind would go cruising for chicks using that hand position. You'd look like a dork. Instead, you slump down in the seat, crank the stereo and hang your elbow out the open window. Now, you look cool and the babes just can't resist. Right? (My apologies if you take me too seriously here) But, what happens if you're so busy watching for chicks that you find yourself about to get in a wreck? As a reaction, your hands will automatically go to 10-2. Or, have you ever seen a stock car racer whipping around the track at full speed without having both hands on the wheel?

When it comes to playing guitar, especially the rock star variety, nobody wants to look like a dork. So, a lot of players have the guitar hanging down at their knees and grab the neck in the manly, baseball bat fashion. But, with the possible exception of Steve Vai, most of the newer "high performance" players (as opposed to the older "cruisin' for chicks" variety) tend to wear their guitars no lower than waist level, and when they want to tear up the fretboard, sure enough, they pull their thumb back to the center of the neck and stretch their fingers out. Example
(opens in new window)

In order to make full use of the classical position, a few points must be observed. Notice in the illustration (opens in new window) that the knuckle where the index finger joins the hand is NOT touching the bottom of the neck. Many people, when first trying this hand position, WILL anchor this knuckle. Until you develop the musculature of the wrist and hand, it will feel as though you lack any strength in the classical position. Realize that it takes very little actual finger pressure to push the strings to the fret. Most of the tension that a beginner applies with the left hand is directed onto the fingerboard itself and has very little to do with actually fretting the note. To this end, bracing the hand against the neck at the first knuckle of the index finger gives one a feeling of having better leverage with which to "strangle" the guitar. This is unnecessary as, the muscles of the hand will develop in a very short amount of time (usually within the first two weeks). The thumb should be just a little higher than dead center on the back of the neck and directly in line with the middle finger. (If you take your left hand and touch the tip of your middle finger to the tip of your thumb like those Indian Yoga people do when they meditate, you'el get the idea. Only, don't bend the knuckle of the thumb. Keep it hyperextended like when you push in a tack with your thumb.) Don't allow your thumb to point off to the side like you're hitchhiking as this will destroy the hands natural ability to apply pressure to the strings. Sitting or standing can make a difference in your ability to assume this hand position as well. When standing, you may need to adjust the length of your strap. If your guitar is too low, it forces you to have to bend your wrist way too much. I tend to wear mine at stomach level, but then, nobody (except my wife) ever tells me how cool I look. I do receive regular compliments on my playing, however. If you are sitting down, the most common thing to do is to rest your guitar on your right leg. When I first started playing, I found that, if I practiced this way, when I got together with my band, the guitar would be in a different position (I was now standing) and that I couldn't play all those things I was practicing. I started practicing with my guitar sitting on my left leg and propped my left foot up on a book like those

classical guitar players do. It made a dramatic difference. Not only was my guitar in the same relative position as when I played standing up, I found that I was able to play things that seemed impossible before. Whew! There's a lot to consider, but details make a difference. What follows is an exercise for developing correct hand position and learning to use of all four fingers. Recall the exercise that I had you do in the section on theory. I had you play all the notes, in order, up and down a single string. We're going to do the same thing again only this time, we're going to go across the strings instead of up and down one string:

For the purposes of this exercise, the index finger will play any note on the 1st fret, the middle finger will play any note on the 2nd fret, the ring finger will play any note on the 3rd fret and the pinkie will handle notes on the 4th fret. When playing ascending notes on a string, It's very important to keep any previous fingers that have played on that string holding their notes down. For example: If I play the F note at the 1st fret on the E-string with my index finger, I don't lift that finger off the string to play the F# with my middle finger. My index finger is still holding down the F note at the 1st fret. If I then play the G note at the 3rd fret with my ring finger, the index AND the ring will still be holding their notes down. The same goes if I then play the next note with the pinky. Now, all four fingers are holding down notes on the same string. This will most likely seem awkward until you gain sufficient coordination of the fingers. Keep practicing. It will come. Once you have completed all the fingers that are going to play on a given string, then and only then, do you RELEASE the fingers to play on another string. Notice the word RELEASE instead of lift. To RELEASE the fingers is to simply relax the muscles that are being used to hold the notes. If instead, you lift the fingers, you are applying an opposite set of muscles to do a separate and distinct action. This may sound like "nit-picking" but it is very important. Lifting the fingers instead of RELEASING the fingers is one of the greatest causes of undue tension in the left

hand. What happens is that the lifting muscles kick in at the same time that the pressing muscles are trying to do their job. This causes isometric tension in the hand that will slow you down, tire the hand, lead to sore knuckles (personal experience) and generally inhibit you from whizzing around on the fingerboard. A tell-tale sign of this isometric tension is if you find your pinkie sticking way out there like those people who drink their tea in those tiny little cups, or if you use your pinkie to fret a note and your index finger goes sticking out. Relax, relax, relax! That's the key. If, on the other hand, you are descending on a given string, you don't have to worry about keeping your fingers down (that would be pretty hard to do any way), but you still must endeavor to keep the hand relaxed. Use only the amount of tension you need to play the notes cleanly (no buzzing or notes that won't stay ringing as long as you desire).

Guitar Lesson One - Music

Music This section of each lesson is entirely devoted to playing. Very little will be provided as to the "why's and wherefore's" of what you will be doing. This will be covered in future theory lessons. At this point, I just want you to learn the material and try to sound "musical" when playing it. Anatomy of a chord diagram:

Below are 8 chords for you to learn. These 8 chords are often referred to as "the cowboy chords". This is because they are easy to play while riding a horse (hey...just foolin'). These chords are called "cowboy" chords because a billion songs have been written using these few simple chords. Many of these tunes are they type of song that you see somebody strumming while sitting around a camp fire in those old "cowboy" movies. But don't let that fool you. These are the "bread and butter chords" that EVERYBODY uses. If you don't know these chords, you can't call yourself a guitar player. The chords:

Here are MIDI examples of what each chord sounds like: EMaj AMaj

DMaj GMaj CMaj Emin Amin Dmin

The hardest part of playing chords is getting all of the notes in the chord to ring. The culprit is most often the finger that is trying to play a note on an adjacent string. That other finger will sometimes touch the string that won't ring and be the cause of your problem. The trick is to use the tips of the fingers and to make sure that each finger is touching only the string that it is holding a note on. Also, check to see that you are not playing any of the strings that do not have a circle. Practice each chord in the same manner as demonstrated in the MIDI files. Pick each string individually and then, strum the entire chord. Once you can play each chord correctly, then it's time to practice changing from one chord to another. The idea here is to change to another chord without stopping. Pick any two of the chords and practice changing from one to the other and then, back to the first. Try to play the chords in time with the metronome MIDI. Strum once per click, four strums per chord. For now, just use down strums and concentrate on switching to the next chord and staying in time with the metronome. Once you can go from any chord to any other chord and stay in time, try stringing three or more chords together into CHORD PROGRESSIONS. Here are just a few possibilities:

DMaj - CMaj - GMaj - DMaj GMaj - CMaj - DMaj - GMaj EMaj - DMaj - AMaj - CMaj AMaj - EMaj - GMaj - DMaj Amin - Dmin - Emin - Amin Amin - Dmin - GMaj - CMaj Emin - Amin - DMaj - Emin

I'm sure you have noticed the Maj and min attached to each of the chord names. We will learn what this means in a later lesson. For now, all you need to keep in mind is that Maj chords sound bright and cheerful, while min chords sound dark and moody. These chord progressions may not sound like your rockin' out, but there's a lot you can do with a few basic chords. If you add some rhythmic variation and a lead lick or two, you'el be amazed. You'el probably have the best luck if you practice these chords with a clean sound on your amp with a bit of reverb. Once you get the chords down you can experiment with some distortion, but these chords don't always sound so good with a lot of distortion until you learn a few right and left hand techniques. When it comes to playing OPEN POSITION chords, I will usually use the baseball bat hand position. This is so I can use my thumb over the top of the neck to keep the E and A-strings from ringing on the chords that don't require those strings. Best of luck!

Guitar Lesson Two

Begin by tuning your guitar using your electronic tuner. Check for accuracy by comparing the pitch of each string to tuning.mid. As you work on this lesson, try tuning to the MIDI file by ear and then double checking for accuracy with your electronic tuner. This lesson is divided into four parts: Theory Technique - Left hand Technique - Right hand Music Theory It's very important to know what notes you are playing at any given time. With practice, you will eventually reach a point where you can identify any note on any string at a glance. This may seem like a mammoth undertaking but, it is a lot easier than it may first appear. The notes on the fingerboard are laid out in a very logical and consistent manner with only one exception. This exception is the B-string. We will look at this inconsistency in greater detail in a moment. But first, let me show you something about the fingerboard. In lesson one, we discussed how the notes are named and practiced playing up and down one string at a time while naming the notes. We also learned the term OCTAVE. If you put these two pieces of information together, you will find that if you start on a given pitch and play up the string until you reach the OCTAVE, you will be exactly 12 frets higher than where you started. This means that 12 frets above any note on any string is a note with the same name ( It's important, at this point to make a distinction between NOTE and PITCH. NOTE refers strictly to the name of a given PITCH. If you play A, for example, and then play A an OCTAVE higher or lower, you are playing the same NOTE [ it has the same name] Even though, "technically", you are playing two different PITCHES.). The fact that the two notes have the same NAME and that the ear can have trouble distinguishing the difference inPITCH makes these two notes interchangeable. To a certain extent, If you are required to play a given note, it makes little difference which OCTAVEyou play.

Now, take a look at the fingerboard on your guitar. You will notice that the 12th fret is clearly marked with two "fret dots" ( "Fret dots" is slang for the position markers that are inlaid into the wood of the fingerboard and along the edge of the neck at the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 17th, 19th, and 21st fret.) The 12th is the only fret that is given the distinction of two dots (On guitars that have 24 frets, the 24th fret will also have two dots.). The distinct marking of the 12th fret provides us with an important visual reference point. This is the point at which the notes on the fingerboard begin to repeat. Recall that the open strings are tuned E, A, D, G, B, E, low to high. If you follow the above statements, you should now see that the notes at the 12th fret are also E, A, D, G, B, E. This means that you don't have to learn separate information to apply above the 12th fret. Anything you learn below the 12th fret will simply repeat itself above. This is true for chords, scales, licks, patterns and anything else you could imagine. The above information can also make it easier to identify the notes below the 12th fret. Let's say that you want to find F on the A-string. One method is to start with the open A and make your way up the fingerboard until you arrive at F (a distance of 8 frets!). If instead, you were to start at the 12th fret and work your way down the string, you will find the note much faster (5 frets). Now, let's say that you are playing the note at the 10th fret on the B-string and I ask you to tell me the name of the note you are playing. It should be obvious that the note you are playing is much closer to the 12th fret than it is to the open string. Therefore, it is an easy task to start at the 12th fret and work down the neck to the 10th fret and identify the note (E-MAIL the answer to me). Here are two more tools that will help you get the notes down: The first should be painfully obvious. The highest and the lowest string are both tuned to E. This means that the notes are laid out exactly the same on both strings. At any given fret, you will find the same note on either of the two E-strings. The second is a powerful tool for learning to see the notes across the fingerboard as opposed to up and down a single string. In the diagram below, I have placed a square on the C note at the 8th fret of the Low E-string (It is common practice to refer to the two E-strings as Low E and High E). I have also placed a square on the OCTAVE C on the D-string:

From this diagram we can see that the octave of C at the 8th fret of the low E is two strings over (towards the floor) and two frets up (towards the 12th fret). Watch what happens if we start with C at the 3rd fret of the A-string:

Again, we see the same pattern - two strings over, two frets up. Now understand, we could have used any note we wanted to and this relationship would be the same. I just picked C for the hell of it. Now lets take a look at the B-string. The strings of the guitar are tuned in such a way that if you play the note at the 5th fret of any string (except the G-string) you will get the same note (and PITCH) as the next OPEN string. For example, if you play the note at the 5th fret of the low Estring you are playing A which of course is the note of the open A-string. If you play the note at the 5th fret of the A-string you get D. If you play the 5th fret of the Dstring you get G. But, if you play the 5th fret of the G-string you get C instead of B. To get the B note you have to play the 4th fret instead. Yet, if you play the 5th fret of the Bstring you DO get E, but because the B-string is "funny" it makes the Estring "funny" as well. What this means, for now, is that whenever the octave lands on the B-string or the Estring, It will be one fret higher ( the B-string is tuned one fret lower than all the

strings before it and, since the E-string is tuned off of the B-string, the E-string is one fret lower as well). Observe what happens if we plot the octave of the C at the 10th fret of the D-string as well as, the C at the 5th fret of the G-string:

This tuning discrepancy is necessary for playing chords. If you were to tune the B and E-strings up one fret so that they match the rest of the strings, all of the chords that you learned in the last lesson would be very hard to play. Now, all you have to remember is 2 strings over, two frets up except when the octave falls on the B-string or the E-string where you get 2 strings over and 3 frets up. Your assignment is to locate and memorize every C note on the guitar below and above the 12th fret. Use the tools I have given you and don't be afraid to cue off of the fret dots. That's why they're on the neck in the first place!

This lesson is divided into four parts: Theory Technique - Left hand Technique - Right hand Music

Guitar Lesson Two - Left hand Technique

Left Hand: Unless I tell you otherwise, all left hand exercises use the classical hand position.

Most of the left hand exercises that I give you in the beginning will not sound much like music. They are designed strictly to develop the muscles and coordination of the hand so that you *can* play music. This exercise focuses on using every combination of two fingers. It starts at the first fret of the low E-string using only the index and middle finger playing across the strings like this:

Notice that when you get to the high E-string, you don't reverse the order of the notes. You still play 1-2 on the way back down. Just like the exercise in lesson one, the index finger plays any notes on the 1st fret, the middle finger handles the 2nd fret, the ring finger takes care of the 3rd fret and the pinky gets the 4th fret. With this in mind, I'm simply going to describe the rest of the exercise. Next comes the middle finger and the ring finger. Play 2-3 across the strings and back (remember you're now playing the 2nd and 3rd frets). Now 3-4 Then 1-3 Then 2-4

Finaly 1-4 This constitutes one set. Move up 1 fret so that your index is on the 2nd fret and repeat the whole thing. Keep doing a set and then moving one fret higher until you reach the 5th fret. Once you have finished the set at the 5th fret, you're going to turn everything upside down and backwards like this:

Remember that your index finger is at the 5th fret so, you should be using your pinky and ring for the example above (4-3). Now play 3-2 Then 2-1 Then 4-2 Then 3-1 Finaly 4-1 Now move down to the 4th fret and do it all again. Keep going until you get back to the 1st fret.

Eventually you will be able to take this exercise all the way up to the 12th fret and back without stopping. You could try adding an extra fret or two every few days but don't try to rush your progress. It's important to let the left hand develop at it's own pace or you may begin to suffer tedonitis (personal experience). There's no need to hurry.

Guitar Lesson Two - Music

Music In this lesson, we are going to cover the single most important tool for playing rock guitar. It's called the POWER CHORD. More rock and roll songs are centered around POWER CHORDS than any other single ingredient of guitar playing. They look like this:

Notice that the ring finger is required to play two strings at once. This is called a BARRE (as in "belly up to the bar"). You accomplish this by flattening the finger across both strings at the same time. If you try to keep the index finger using only it's tip you will have a hard time playing this. So, just flatten out the index finger too. It doesn't matter (HEY! this is rock and roll). This chord is so cool that it can be moved around the fretboard at will, even to another set of strings (Just remember that if a note falls on the B-stringor E-string, you have to move it up a fret. [If a note falls on the B-string and there's no one in the audience to hear it, does it still rock?]). Another thing. If you can't get your ring finger to play both of it's notes, forget about the note on the D-string and just play the notes on the E and A-strings. It doesn't get any more simple than this!

Here's the riff for Iron Man by Black Sabbath:

Here's what it sounds like: Iron Man

Here's the riff for Cocaine by Eric Clapton:

Notice the red S over the /. This is a slide. What you do is play the note at the 7th fret with your ring finger and then slide that finger up the string to the ninth fret. Here's what it sounds like: Cocaine

Mess around with power chords, and see if you can come up with anything interesting. Best of luck!