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Health Assessment

The article measures patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using discrimination, prediction and evaluation. It divides the measurement of HRQoL into two types: generic HRQoL measurement and disease-specific HRQoL measurement. This article reviews and clusters the measurement of HRQoL to disease-specific measurement for kidney disease, heart disease and cancer. Before using the original questionnaire that needs permission and needs to adapt psychometric properties to difference sample of the research.

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Oou Jung
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
75 views8 pages

Health Assessment

The article measures patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using discrimination, prediction and evaluation. It divides the measurement of HRQoL into two types: generic HRQoL measurement and disease-specific HRQoL measurement. This article reviews and clusters the measurement of HRQoL to disease-specific measurement for kidney disease, heart disease and cancer. Before using the original questionnaire that needs permission and needs to adapt psychometric properties to difference sample of the research.

Uploaded by

Oou Jung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abstract
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CFCRVRU[EJQOGVTKERTQRGTVKGUVQFKHHGTGPEGUCORNGQHVJGTGUGCTEJ
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7
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ýěååĈúĘúħ ĕĬ èĕüğâĘąħ ĊâĔýčěãăĕāğëŇüĠāúąŋāąĕýĕĈ åĊĕĄĎĄĕąĊŇĕÁVJGNGXGNQHVQVCNYGNNDGKPICPFUCVKUHCEVKQP
ğăčĔëâĆ ğéňĕĎüňĕúĘħčĕûĕĆöčěã ĄĔâéēĢëňĠĈēåěňüğåąâĔý CUUQEKCVGF YKVJ CP KPFKXKFWCN¿U NKHG CPF JQY VJKU KU
ÁåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕāÂĎĆĚĐ*GCNVJ4GNCVGF3WCNKV[ CHHGEVGFD[FKUGCUGCPFVTGCVOGPVÂ
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36
EAU HERITAGE JOURNAL
Science and Technology
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ýěååĈúĘħčŇèÿĈġĆåĠĈēâĕĆĆĔâČĕÂ÷ĔèüĔĨüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕè ğâė÷ãęüĨ ĄĕâĄĕąâĕĆāėéĕĆöĕüĬĕğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐĄĕĢëňåĊĆåĬĕüęèùęè
čěãăĕāéęèğþŎüčėħèúĘħĢëňĢüâĕĆþĆēğĄėüøĆĊéčĐýčěãăĕā čėħèøŇĐģþüĘĨìęħèğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĘħğâĘħąĊâĔýčěãăĕā
ãĐèýěååĈâĕĆúĬĕèĕüãĐèúĘĄčěãăĕāúĘħĢĎňâĕĆ÷ĜĠĈÿĜňþłĊą úĘħ÷ĘåĊĆĄĘčŇĊüþĆēâĐý
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ĆĊĄúĔĨèüġąýĕąĠĈēčĊĔč÷ėâĕĆãĐèĆĔòúĘħĢĎňĠâŇþĆēëĕëü ãňĐåĊĕĄčĔĨüğãňĕĢéèŇĕąĠĈēüĬĕģþĢëňčē÷Ċâ
ġ÷ąúĔħĊģþåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕāþĆēâĐý÷ňĊą  âĊňĕèĠĈēåĆĐýåĈěĄĐèåŋþĆēâĐýãĐèëĘĊėø
ĎĈĕąĄėøúė ğĘħ âĘąħ ĊãňĐèâĔýĆŇĕèâĕąéėøĢéĐĕĆĄöŋĠĈēġåĆèčĆňĕè ĠøŇĈē÷ňĕü
úĕèčĔèåĄ ìęħèčĕĄĕĆùþĆēğĄėüéĕâăĕĊēčěãăĕā åĊĕĄ
åĕ÷ĎĊĔèãĐèëĘĊėøĠĈēčĕğĎøěâĕĆøĕąúĘħčŇèÿĈâĆēúýøŇĐ ğüĚĨĐĎĕčĐ÷åĈňĐèâĔýâĈěŇĄþĆēëĕâĆúĘħċęâČĕ
ăĕĊēčěãăĕāĠĈēåěöăĕāëĘĊėøåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕā åĊĆğþŎüþĆėĄĕöĢĎňåēĠüüğþŎüøĔĊğĈã
âĕĆĄĘčãě ăĕā÷Ę
YGNNDGKPI čĕĄĕĆùþĆēğĄėüéĕââĕĆĄĘëĊĘ øė  čĕĄĕĆùĢëňĢüĎĈĕąčùĕüâĕĆöŋġ÷ąĄĘãňĐéĬĕâĔ÷
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ğþŎüøňü ýěåĈĕâĆúĕèâĕĆĠāúąŋéēĢëňåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕè ëüė÷ġĆåğĆĚĨĐĆĔè
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úĕèčěãăĕāåĊĆĄĘĐèåŋþĆēâĐýúĘħéēĊĔ÷ĠĈēþĆēğĄėü÷ĔèüĘĨ Ġč÷èĢĎňğĎĦüåĊĕĄĠøâøŇĕèĐąŇĕèğ÷ŇüëĔ÷ĢüâĈěĄŇ

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ÿĜňĄĘþŌîĎĕčěãăĕā ëŇĊąĠýŇèâĈěŇĄÿĜňþłĊą ğëŇüéĕâÿĈâĕĆ ĠøŇĈēåü ğëŇü åĊĕĄāęèāĐĢé åĊĕĄčěã úĔċüåøė åĊĕĄ
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åĚĐ âĈěŇĄÿĜňúĘħĄĘåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕāĆē÷ĔýĄĕâĆē÷Ĕý ĠýŇèĐĐâğþŎüĠýýĢĎîŇĥģ÷ňĠâŇ
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ÿĈéĕâĊĔ ÷ åě ö ăĕāëĘ Ċė ø úĕèčě ã ăĕāéēğþŎ ü úĘħüėąĄĢëňĢüþĆēğúċģúąĄĘúĔĨèğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷úĘħĠþĈĄĕéĕâ
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ĐňĕèĐėè ĠĈēāąĕâĆöŋčėħèúĘħéēğâė÷ãęĨüâĔýÿĜňþłĊąĢüĐüĕåø ĢĎňğĎĄĕēčĄâĔýâĈěŇĄøĔĊĐąŇĕèýĆėýúĊĔõüûĆĆĄģúąĠĈē
ğëŇüéēğâė÷ġĆåĠúĆâìňĐüăĕąĢüþĿãňĕèĎüňĕĎĆĚĐĆňĐąĈē ğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷úĘħāĔõüĕġ÷ąüĔâĊėéĔąģúą úĘħüėąĄĢëňâĔüĐąŇĕè
ãĐèâĕĆĄĘëĘĊėøĆĐ÷ğþŎüøňü ĠāĆŇĎĈĕą
âĕĆþĆēğĄėü
GXCNWCVKQP CD-    !"#%$   & !E F<-
âĕĆĢëň  *43Q. þĆēğĄė ü éēĠč÷èĢĎň ğ ĎĦ ü ?G+5H-/34I6-*()*+,B
éě÷ğþĈĘħąüúĘħčĬĕåĔîãĐèĠøŇĈēýěååĈĎĆĚĐâĈěŇĄ ğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕāĠýýúĔħĊģþ
üĐâéĕâüĘĨ *43Q.ğþŎü÷ĔëüĘëĘĨĊĔ÷ĐĔøĆĕâĕĆøĕą ĢëňþĆēğĄėüčěãăĕāġ÷ąĆĊĄĊŇĕĄĘčěãăĕāğþŎüĐąŇĕèģĆĢëňģ÷ň

OQTVCNKV[ ĠĈēăĕĊēâĕĆğâė÷ġĆå
OQDKNKV[ ĄĘÿĈøŇĐâĕĆ úěâğāċ úěâĊĔą ĠĈēúěâġĆåğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷úĘħĆĜňéĔââĔüĐąŇĕè
ĄĘëĘĊėøĆĐ÷
UWTXKXCN ĢüèĕüĊėéĔąøŇĕèĥĄĔâéēĢëňÿĈĈĔāûŋ ĠāĆŇĎĈĕąúĔħĊġĈâĠĈēĢëňĢüþĆēğúċģúąåĚĐ
ãĐè*43Q.ğþŎüøĔĊĐûėýĕąþĆĕâñâĕĆöŋ øĔĊĐąŇĕèğëŇü  5JQTV (QTO *GCNVJ 5WTXG[
5( 
åēĠüüúĘģħ ÷ňéĕââĕĆþĆēğĄėü*43Q.čĕĄĕĆùúĬĕüĕąĐĔøĆĕ ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėü þĆēâĐý÷ňĊąåĬĕùĕĄğâĘħąĊâĔýčěãăĕā
âĕĆĆĐ÷ëĘāãĐèÿĜňþłĊąğëŇüāýĊŇĕÿĜňþłĊąĈňĕèģøúĘħĄĘåēĠüü  ãňĐ ĠĈēåĬĕùĕĄĐėčĆē  ãňĐ čĬĕĎĆĔýåĬĕùĕĄğâĘħąĊâĔý
åěöăĕāëĘĊėø÷ňĕüâĕąøĬħĕâĊŇĕċĜüąŋ
2J[UKECN*GCNVJ5EQTG čěãăĕāĠýŇèğþŎüĄėøėåĚĐĄėøėúĘħ
 ÷ňĕüĆŇĕèâĕą
RJ[UKECN
2*5 ĄĐĘ øĔ ĆĕĆĐ÷ëĘāøĬĕħ ġ÷ąåĊĕĄüŇĕéēğþŎüĢüâĕĆĆĐ÷ëĘā HWPEVKQP ĄĘéĬĕüĊüãňĐğëŇüúĘħÿŇĕüĄĕğ÷ĚĐüčěãăĕā
ĢüþĿúĘħğúŇĕâĔýčĬĕĎĆĔýâĈěŇĄ2*5ĠĈēğúŇĕâĔý ãĐèúŇĕüġ÷ąúĔħĊģþğþŎüĐąŇĕèģĆĠĈēğþĆĘąýğúĘąýëŇĊèþĿúĘħ
čĬĕĎĆĔýâĈěĄŇ úĘĄħ åĘ ēĠüüåěöăĕāëĘĊøė ÷ňĕüâĕąøĔèĨ ĠøŇ ÿŇĕüĄĕâĔýþŌééěýĔüčěãăĕāãĐèúŇĕüğĎĄĚĐüğ÷ėĄ÷ĘãęĨüĎĆĚĐ
ċĜüąŋãęĨüģþ
2*5  čŇĊüåĊĕĄüŇĕéēğþŎüĢüâĕĆĆĐ÷ëĘā ĠąŇĈèĄėøėúĘħ
 ÷ňĕüãňĐéĬĕâĔ÷úĕèĆŇĕèâĕą
TQNGNKOKVGFD[
þĿúĘħ  ğúŇĕâĔý  ĠĈē  øĕĄĈĬĕ÷ĔýğþŎüøňü RJ[UKECNRTQDNGOU ĄĘéĬĕüĊüãňĐğëŇüúŇĕüúĬĕèĕüĎĆĚĐ

ĐĕĆĘĊĆĆö ĠĈē÷ĆěöĘ   éĕâøĔĊĐąŇĕèåēĠüüãĐè âėéâĆĆĄĐĚħü ĥ ģ÷ňüňĐąĈèğāĆĕēþŌîĎĕčěãăĕāúĕè÷ňĕü
*43Q.čĕĄĕĆùúĬĕüĕąčėèħ éēğâė÷ãęüĨ âĔýÿĜþň Ċł ąĢüĐüĕåøģ÷ň âĕąăĕāĎĆĚĐģĄŇúĬĕèĕüģ÷ňüňĐąâĊŇĕúĘħøĔĨèĢéģĊňĎĆĚĐģĄŇ Ąėøė
úĬĕĢĎňüâĔ ĊėéąĔ úĕèčěãăĕāüėąĄĢëň*43Q.ýĐâÿĈĈĔāûŋĠĈē úĘħ
 ÷ňĕüåĊĕĄğéĦýþĊ÷
DQFKN[RCKP ĄĘéĬĕüĊüãňĐğëŇü
ĊĕèĠÿüâĕĆ÷ĜĠĈčěãăĕāãĐèÿĜňþłĊąĢüĐüĕåø úŇĕüĄĘĐĕâĕĆğéĦýþĊ÷ĢüĆĐýğ÷ĚĐüúĘħÿŇĕüĄĕĎĆĚĐģĄŇĠĈē
   !"#$%  & !-?'()*+,-.- ĢüëŇĊèğ÷ĚĐüúĘħÿŇĕüĄĕĄĘĐĕâĕĆþĊ÷ĆýâĊüâĕĆúĬĕèĕü
øĕĄþâøėãĐèúŇĕüĎĆĚĐģĄŇ ĄėøėúĘħ
  ÷ňĕüčěãăĕāúĔħĊģþ
/346B

IGPGTCNJGCNVJ ĄĘéĕĬ üĊüãňĐğëŇüúŇĕüĆĜčň âę ĊŇĕúŇĕüğéĦýþłĊą
åěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĕèčěãăĕāéēğâĘħąĊãňĐèâĔýøĔĊýŇèëĘĨ ģ÷ňèĕŇ ąâĊŇĕÿĜĐň üĚħ ĎĆĚĐģĄŇĄėøúė Ęħ
 åĚĐ÷ňĕüâĕĆĐąĜĆŇ Đ÷
XKVCNKV[ 
ĎĈĔâ÷ňĕüåĚĐ
 ÷ňĕüĊĔøùěĊėčĔą
QDLGEVKXGKPFKECVQTU  ĄĘéĬĕüĊüãňĐğëŇüúŇĕüĆĜňčęâğĎüĚħĐąĈňĕĎĆĚĐģĄŇĄėøėúĘħ
 
ğþŎ ü âĕĆýĐâāćøė â ĆĆĄ ğĎøě â ĕĆöŋ ã Đèýě å åĈ ğëŇ ü ÷ňĕüčĔèåĄ
UQEKCNHWPEVKQPKPI ĄĘéĕĬ üĊüãňĐğëŇüčěãăĕā
Ćĕąģ÷ňĐĕëĘāâĕĆċęâČĕĎüňĕúĘħ÷ňĕüĆŇĕèâĕą
 ÷ňĕüéėøĊėčĔą úĕè÷ňĕüĆŇĕèâĕąĠĈēéėøĢéĄĘÿĈøŇĐâĕĆúĬĕâėéâĆĆĄúĕè÷ňĕü

UWDLGEVKXGKPFKECVQTU ğþŎüâĕĆĊĔ÷åňüĎĕåĊĕĄĆĜňčęâãĐè čĔèåĄãĐèúŇĕüĎĆĚĐģĄŇĄėøėúĘħ
 ÷ňĕüĐĕĆĄöŋ
TQNGNKOKVGF

38
EAU HERITAGE JOURNAL
Science and Technology
7PM/P4FQUFNCFS%FDFNCFS
D[GOQVKQPCNRTQDNGOU ĄĘéĬĕüĊüãňĐğëŇüúŇĕüúĬĕèĕü UVCVWU#UUGUUOGPV+PUVTWOGPV ğþŎüğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕā
ĎĆĚĐâėéâĆĆĄĐĚüħ ĥģ÷ňüĐň ąĈèğāĆĕēþŌîĎĕčěãăĕāúĕè÷ňĕü ëĘĊėøãĐèģúąúĘħģ÷ňĄĕéĕââĕĆþĆēğĄėüčùĕüēčěãăĕāãĐè
éėøĢéĠĈēĄėøėúĘħ
 åĚĐ÷ňĕüéėøĢé
OGPVCNJGCNVJ ĄĘéĬĕüĊü ĠýýčĬĕĆĊéĐüĕĄĔąĠĈēčĊĔč÷ėâĕĆāċãĐèčĬĕüĔâèĕü
ãňĐğëŇüúŇĕüĆĜňčęâúňĐĠúňğċĆňĕĎĆĚĐĄĘāĈĔèĄĕâĎĆĚĐčèý čùėøĠė ĎŇèëĕøė
ĐĕĆĘĊĆĆöğëĘąħ ĊëĕîĊĔõüĕĠĈēåöē 
ĠĈēğþŎüčěãýŇĐąĥĄĕâüňĐąğāĘąèĢ÷ğþŎüøňüġ÷ąĠøŇĈēãňĐ ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėüúĘħčĔĨüåĆĐýåĈěĄğüĚĨĐĎĕčĬĕåĔîúĘħğâĘħąĊâĔý
éēĄĘøĔĊğĈĚĐâĢĎňğþŎüĠýýĄĕøĆĕĊĔ÷.KMGTVV[RGUECNGåĚĐ čěãăĕāĠýýčĐýùĕĄþĆēâĐý÷ňĊąåĬĕùĕĄþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕā
ğĆĘąèãüĕ÷ãĐèåĬĕøĐýéĕâüňĐąģþĄĕâĐąĜĆŇ ēĎĊŇĕèùęè ëĘĊėøĎĆĚĐčùĕüēčěãăĕāĢüĄėøė þĆēâĐý÷ňĊą÷ňĕüâĕą
ģ÷ňåēĠüüčĜèĎĄĕąùęèåěöăĕāëĘĊėø÷Ę
ĊĔëĆĘ ĠĈēþĕĆöĘąŋ ĄėøėĠĈē÷ňĕüéėøĢéĄėøė ĠĈēåĬĕùĕĄþĆēğĄėüăĕāĆĊĄ
 åĬĕùĕĄġ÷ąåĬĕùĕĄþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøĄėøėğþŎüåĬĕùĕĄ
9*131.$4'(ğþŎüğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐúĘĐħ èåŋâĕĆ úĘĢħ ĎňÿøňĜ ĐýþĆēğĄėüĊŇĕĄĘþî Ō ĎĕĢü÷ňĕüâĕĆğåĈĚĐħ üģĎĊĆŇĕèâĕą
ĐüĕĄĔąġĈâčĆňĕèãęüĨ ĢëňĎĕåēĠüüāĚüĨ òĕü
DCUGNKPGUEQTGU 
OQDKNKV[ âĕĆ÷ĜĠĈøüğĐè
UGNHECTG âėéâĆĆĄþâøė
WUWCN
ĢüāĚĨüúĘħ ĥøňĐèâĕĆĠĈēčĕĄĕĆùĢëňĊĔ÷âĕĆğþĈĘħąüĠþĈè CEVKXKVKGU ĆĜčň âę ğéĦýþłĊąģĄŇčýĕą
KNNPGUUFKUEQOHQTV Ċėøâ
Ćē÷ĔýåěöăĕāëĘĊėøğĄĚħĐčėĨüčě÷Ćēąē ğĊĈĕúĘħĢëňĄĕøĆâĕĆ âĔèĊĈĎ÷ĎĜŇ
CPZKGV[FGRTGUUGF čĄĕûėé÷éĬĕ
EQIPKVKQP 
ĐąŇĕèĢ÷ĐąŇĕèĎüęħèþŌééěýĔüĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĨģ÷ňùĜâĠþĈğþŎü ĠĈēâėéâĆĆĄúĕèčĔèåĄ
UQEKCNHWPEVKQPU ġ÷ąĄĘøĔĊğĈĚĐâ
ăĕČĕøŇĕèĥĄĕââĊŇĕþĆēğúċĆĊĄúĔĨèăĕČĕģúąåĚĐ åĬĕøĐýģ÷ňĠâŇĄĘþŌîĎĕĆěüĠĆèĄĕâ
 ĄĘþŌîĎĕĆěüĠĆè
 
9*131.$4'(¼6*#+ĠĈēþĆĔýþĆěèăĕČĕĢüğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐ ĄĘþŌîĎĕþĕüâĈĕè
 ĄĘþŌîĎĕğĈĦâüňĐą
 ģĄŇĄĘþŌîĎĕğĈą
9*131.$4'( ġ÷ąÿĜňğëĘħąĊëĕîúĕèăĕČĕĠĈňĊüĬĕģþ
 ġ÷ąâĕĆâĬĕĎü÷åēĠüüĢĎňğþŎüùèę ìèęħ åēĠüüĄĕâýŇèëĘĨ
ú÷čĐýåĊĕĄğãňĕĢéăĕČĕâĔýåüúĘħĄĘāĚĨüòĕüĠøâøŇĕèâĔü ùęèčùĕüēčěãăĕāúĘ÷ħ âĘ ĊŇĕåēĠüüüňĐąčŇĊüåĬĕùĕĄþĆēğĄėü
üĬĕĄĕþĆĔýþĆěèãňĐúĘħğþŎüþŌîĎĕĠĈňĊú÷čĐýìĬĨĕúĬĕğëŇüüĘĨ ăĕāĆĊĄĢĎň ÿĜ ň ø ĐýþĆēğĄė ü čě ã ăĕāøüğĐèğþĆĘ ą ýğúĘ ą ý
ĐąĜŇ ĆĐýĄĘåŇĕåĊĕĄğëĚħĐĄĔħüãĐèğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐġ÷ąĄĘåŇĕåĊĕĄ âĔýþĿúÿĘħ ĕŇ üĄĕ
EQORCTGNCUV[GCT âĔýğþĆĘąýğúĘąýâĔýåüĐĚüħ 
ğëĚħĐĄĔħü %TQPDCEJ¿U CNRJC EQGHÌEKGPV ğúŇĕâĔý  úĘĄħ òĘ ĕüēúĕèğċĆČòâėéčĔèåĄğëŇüğ÷ĘąĊâĔü
EQORCTGQVJGTU 
åŇĕåĊĕĄğúĘąħ èøĆèğúŇĕâĔý
ġåĆèâĕĆéĔ÷úĬĕġþĆĠâĆĄ ġ÷ąøĔĊğĈĚĐâåĬĕøĐýğþŎüĆē÷Ĕý÷ĔèüĘĨ ĠąŇâĊŇĕĄĕâ
 ĠąŇâĊŇĕ
čĬĕğĆĦéĆĜþĢüâĕĆčĬĕĆĊéčěãăĕāéėøĢüāĚĨüúĘħ   Ġýý ğĈĦâüňĐą
 ğĎĄĚĐüĥâĔü
 ÷ĘâĊŇĕğĈĦâüňĐą
 ĠĈē
þĆēğĄėüüĘĨþĆēâĐý÷ňĊąåĬĕùĕĄëüė÷åĚĐĠýýăĕĊēĊėčĔą ÷ĘâĊŇĕĄĕâ


RGTEGKXGFQDLGEVKXG ĠĈēĐĔøĊėčĔą
UGNHTGRQTVUWDLGEVKXG  JD-    !"#%$ # 9# 9 & !E
þĆēâĐý÷ňĊąĐèåŋþĆēâĐýãĐèåěöăĕāëĘĊėø÷ňĕüģ÷ňĠâŇ K! ;=-?L5(2MNH5OH-*()*+,B-

 ÷ĕň üĆŇĕèâĕą
RJ[UKECNFQOCKP åĐĚ âĕĆĆĔýĆĜčň ăĕāúĕè÷ňĕü ğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕāëĘĊøė úĕèčěãăĕāĠýýğêāĕēġĆå
ĆŇĕèâĕąãĐèýěååĈìęħèĄĘÿĈøŇĐëĘĊėøþĆēéĬĕĊĔü
 ÷ňĕüéėøĢé ģ÷ňùâĜ āĔõüĕãęüĨ ğāĚĐħ þĆēġąëüŋĢüâĕĆþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāÿĜþň Ċł ą

RU[EJQNQIKECNFQOCKP åĚĐâĕĆĆĔýĆĜňčăĕāúĕèéėøĢéãĐè ğêāĕēâĈěĄŇ ğëŇüÿĜþň Ċł ąġĆåĎĔĊĢéÿĜþň Ċł ąğýĕĎĊĕüÿĜþň Ċł ąġĆåģø


øüğĐè
 ÷ĕň üåĊĕĄčĄāĔüûŋúĕèčĔèåĄ
UQEKCNTGNCVKQPUJKRU  ÿĜňþłĊąĄēğĆĦèìęħèĠøŇĈēâĈěŇĄĄĘåĊĕĄĠøâøŇĕèâĔüúĔĨèĐĕâĕĆ
åĚĐ âĕĆĆĔýĆĜňğĆĚħĐèåĊĕĄčĄāĔüûŋãĐèøüğĐèâĔýýěååĈĐĚħü āąĕûėčăĕā âĕĆ÷ĬĕğüėüãĐèġĆååĊĕĄĠøâøŇĕèüĘĨúĬĕĢĎňĄĘ
čĔèåĄ
 ÷ňĕüčėħèĠĊ÷ĈňĐĄ
GPXKTQPOGPV åĚĐâĕĆĆĔýĆĜň âĕĆāĔõüĕğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐãęĨüĄĕğāĚħĐþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøĢĎň
ğâĘħ ą ĊâĔ ý čėħ è ĠĊ÷Ĉň Đ ĄúĘħ ĄĘ ÿ ĈøŇ Đ âĕĆ÷Ĭ ĕ ğüė ü ëĘ Ċė ø  åĬ ĕ ùĕĄ ùĜâøňĐèĠĈēĠĄŇüąĬĕąėħèãęĨüğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĘħĢëň
ĆĊĄúĔĨ è ĎĄ÷  ãň Đ ġ÷ąåĬ ĕ ùĕĄĄĘ úĔĨ è åĬ ĕ ùĕĄ÷ň ĕ üýĊâ ĢüþĆēğúċģúąĄĘúèĔĨ üĔâĊėéąĔ āĔõüĕãęüĨ ğĐèĠĈēğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐúĘąħ ĄĚ 
ĠĈē÷ňĕüĈýÿĜňúĘħģ÷ňåēĠüüčĜèĠč÷èĊŇĕĄĘåěöăĕāëĘĊėøčĜè ĄĕéĕâøŇĕèþĆēğúċĠĈňĊüĬĕĄĕĠþĈĠĈēĠþĈâĈĔý
DCEM
ĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĨčĕĄĕĆù÷ĕĊüŋġĈ÷ģ÷ňúĘħ JVVRYYYFOJ VTCPUNCVKQP ìęħèéēãĐąâøĔĊĐąŇĕèğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐĊĔ÷åěöăĕāëĘĊėø
IQVJVGUVFQYPNQCFÌNGUYJQSQNRFH úĘħ ğ âĘħ ą ĊâĔ ý čě ã ăĕāĠýýğêāĕēġĆåúĘħ Ġ þĈğþŎ ü ăĕČĕģúą
ĠýýþĆēğĄėü6*#+
KVGO6JCK*GCNVJ ÷ĔèøŇĐģþüĘĨ

öāòùāòöăÙāÐāòðúāöăæñāôĀñüĄùċæăòŞèċüċÙĄñ
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-KFPG[&KUGCUG3WCNKV[QH.KHG5( ĠĈēåöē
 ġ÷ąĢëňĎĈĔâú÷čĐýåĊĕĄğúĘħąèøĆèãĐè

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EQPUVTWEV
ÿĜňþłĊąġĆåģøğĆĚĨĐĆĔèêýĔýąŇĐĠþĈĄĕéĕâĠýýþĆēğĄėüãĐè XCNKFKV[ ĆēĎĊŇĕèøĬħĕĠĈēčĜèüňĐąâĊŇĕĠĈēåŇĕåĊĕĄ
øŇĕèþĆēğúċĄĘâĕĆĠþĈĠĈēĢëňăĕČĕĐĚħüĄĕââĊŇĕăĕČĕ ğëĚħ Đ ĄĔħ ü čĔ Ą þĆēčė ú ûėī  åĆĐüýĕåĐĔ Ĉ Ăĕ
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þĆēâĐý÷ňĊąâĕĆþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĔħĊģþãňĐ
5( CNRJCU ãĐèĠýýčĐýùĕĄúĔĨèëě÷úĘħ ĠĈēúěâãňĐãĐè
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üėăĕĐĔąčĕüüúŋĠĈēåöēĎüňĕ
ġĆåģø
DWTFGPQHMKFPG[FKUGCUG ãňĐéēþĆēğĄėüğâĘąħ ĊâĔý  ĠýýþĆēğĄėü%*'3þĆēâĐý÷ňĊąâĕĆþĆēğĄėü
ĐĕâĕĆĠĈēþŌîĎĕúĘħğâė÷ãęĨüâĔýÿĜňþłĊąÿĈãĐèčăĕāġĆåģø åěöăĕāëĘĊėøúĔħĊģþ
5( Ģü  ĄėøėĎĈĔâ
ĆĕąĈēğĐĘą÷
øŇĐÿĜňþłĊąåĊĕĄąĕâĈĬĕýĕâéĕâčăĕĊēġĆåģøčùĕüēăĕā ĐąĜŇĢüĎĔĊãňĐ éĬĕüĊüãňĐĠĈēâĕĆþĆēğĄėüğêāĕē
ĢüâĕĆúĬĕèĕü čĄĆĆùăĕāĢüâĕĆĆĔýĆĜň åěöăĕāĢüâĕĆĄĘ âĕĆĈňĕèģøú÷ĠúüéĬĕüĊüãňĐ
þñėčĔĄāĔüûŋúĕèčĔèåĄčĄĆĆùăĕāúĕèğāċâĕĆüĐüĎĈĔý (WPEVKQPCN#UUGUUOGPVQH%CPEGT6JGTCR[
âĕĆģ÷ňĆĔýâĕĆčüĔýčüěüúĕèčĔèåĄ âĕĆĢĎňâĬ ĕĈĔèĢééĕâ $TGCUV
(#%6$ ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøğâĘħąĊâĔý
ğéňĕĎüňĕúĘħ åĊĕĄāęèāĐĢéãĐèÿĜþň Ċł ąğĐèĠĈēčěãăĕāġ÷ąĆĊĄ ÿĜňþłĊąúĘħğþŎüĄēğĆĦèğøňĕüĄčĬĕĎĆĔýåüģúąúĘħāĔõüĕãęĨüéĕâ
ãĐèÿĜňþłĊą
ĊèċŋúėāĕĆĔøüŋ ĄĔöąĕüüúŋ ĠĈēåöē  úĘĄĠāúąŋ āąĕýĕĈġĆèāąĕýĕĈĆĕĄĕûėý÷Ę ĠýýþĆēğĄėü
üĐâéĕâüĘĨüĔâĊėëĕâĕĆģ÷ňþĆĔýþĆěèĠĈēāĔõüĕğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐ éēĊĔ÷÷ňĕüåĚĐ
 ÷ňĕüåĊĕĄÿĕčěâúĕèĆŇĕèâĕąéĬĕüĊüãňĐ
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 ÷ňĕüåĊĕĄÿĕčěâúĕèåĆĐýåĆĔĊĠĈēčĔèåĄéĬĕüĊüãňĐ
ġĆåģøĊĕąğĆĚĐĨ ĆĔèĆēąēčě÷úňĕąþĆēâĐý÷ňĊąãňĐåĬĕùĕĄãňĐ
 ÷ňĕüåĊĕĄÿĕčěâúĕèĐĕĆĄöŋĠĈēéėøĢééĬĕüĊü  ãňĐ
åĬ ĕ ùĕĄĠøŇ Ĉ ēãň Đ ãĐèĠýýčĐýùĕĄčĆň ĕ èĄĕéĕâĐĕâĕĆ
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Ġč÷èãĐèġĆåÿĈâĆēúýéĕââĕĆĆĔâČĕĆĊĄúĔĨèâėéâĆĆĄ ĠĈēåĬĕùĕĄğêāĕēĄēğĆĦèğøňĕüĄéĬĕüĊüãňĐĈĔâČöē
úĘħčŇèÿĈøŇĐåěöăĕāëĘĊėø÷ňĕüčěãăĕāãĐèÿĜňþłĊąåĬĕùĕĄ âĕĆþĆēğĄėüåŇĕĈėğâėĆŋú
.KMGTV¿UUECNG Ćē÷ĔýåĚĐùęè
ãňĐĠĆâğþŎüčŇĊüãĐè5(ĠĈēĐĘâãňĐğþŎüĠýýĊĔ÷ ìęħ è åŇ ĕ åēĠüüĆĊĄúĘħ ģ ÷ň čĜ è Ġč÷èĊŇ ĕ ĄĘ åě ö ăĕāëĘ Ċė ø čĜ è
ğêāĕēġĆåúĘħğêāĕēğéĕēéèâĔýġĆåģøĠĈēĐĘâãňĐğþŎüâĕĆ åŇĕåēĠüüĆĊĄøĬĕħ Ġč÷èĊŇĕĄĘåö ě ăĕāëĘĊøė øĬĕħ ĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĨ
ĢĎňåēĠüüčěãăĕāġ÷ąĆĊĄøĔĊğĈĚĐâøĐýğþŎüĠýý.KMGTV čĕĄĕĆùğãňĕģþãĐĐüěîĕøģ÷ňúĘħ 6JG(WPEVKQPCN#UUGUUOGPV
UECNGĄĘéĬĕüĊüøĔĊğĈĚĐâøĔĨèĠøŇ øĔĊğĈĚĐâëŇĊèåēĠüü QH%JTQPKE+NNPGUU6JGTCR[
(#%+6 OGCUWTGOGPVYYY
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ãüėČòĕĎĐĄéĘüĠĈēāĆĆö ĐĚħüĥğëŇüĠýýþĆēğĄėü(#%6$.éēþĆēğĄėüÿĜňþłĊą
úėāĕċĔâ÷ėīúĐ ĄēğĆĦèâĆēğāĕēþŌččĕĊē
(#%6$. ġ÷ąþĆēğĄėü÷ňĕü
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%*'3 ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊøė čĬĕĎĆĔýÿĜþň Ċł ąġĆåģø úĘħāýģ÷ňĢüĄēğĆĦèúĘħĐĊĔąĊēüĔĨüĥ
ğĆĚĐĨ ĆĔèğëŇüâĔüĠøŇğĎĄĕēčĬĕĎĆĔýÿĜþň Ċł ąúĘĆħ ýĔ âĕĆĆĔâČĕġ÷ąâĕĆ  &KCDGVGU
&  ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėü
Ĉňĕèģøú÷ĠúüĄĘåĬĕùĕĄåĬĕùĕĄþĆēâĐý÷ňĊąåĬĕùĕĄ åěöăĕāëĘĊėøãĐèÿĜňþłĊąġĆåğýĕĎĊĕüêýĔýăĕČĕģúąāĔõüĕ
úĔħ Ċ ģþéĕâĠýýþĆēğĄė ü åě ö ăĕāëĘ Ċė ø êýĔ ý ąŇ Đ  åĬ ĕ ùĕĄ ãęĨüġ÷ąéĐĆŋéġýğąĐĆŋ ĠĈēåöē
)TGIQT[$Q[GTGVCN 
čĬĕĎĆĔýÿĜňþłĊąģøğĆĚĨĐĆĔèĠĈēåĬĕùĕĄčĬĕĎĆĔýÿĜňþłĊąĂĐâğĈĚĐ÷ ğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐéēþĆēâĐý÷ňĊąâĕĆþĆēğĄėü÷ňĕüþĆēâĐý÷ňĊą
÷ňĊąğåĆĚħĐèģøğúĘąĄĠĈēĈňĕèģøúĕèëŇĐèúňĐèġ÷ąğüňüúĘħâĕĆ ãň Đ åĬ ĕ ùĕĄ  ãň Đ  ģ÷ň Ġ âŇ  ÷ň ĕ üâĕĆåĊýåě Ą ğýĕĎĊĕü
þĆēğĄėüğþĆĘąýğúĘąý ÿĈâĆēúýãĐèĊėûĘâĕĆĠĈēåĊĕĄùĘħ
FKCDGVGU EQPVTQN  ÷ňĕüåĊĕĄĊėøââĔèĊĈ
CPZKGV[ CPF
ĆēąēğĊĈĕãĐèâĕĆĈňĕèģøúĘĠħ øâøŇĕèâĔüĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĠĨ þĈ YQTT[  ÷ňĕüăĕĆēúĕèčĔèåĄ
UQEKCN DWTFGP  ÷ňĕüğāċ
ĄĕéĕâăĕČĕĐĔèâćČğþŎüăĕČĕģúąġ÷ą üėăĕ ĐĔąčĕüüúŋ čĔĄāĔüûŋ
UGZWCNHWPEVKQPKPI ĠĈē÷ňĕüåĊĕĄĄĘğĆĘħąĊĠĆè

40
EAU HERITAGE JOURNAL
Science and Technology
7PM/P4FQUFNCFS%FDFNCFS
ĠĈēåĊĕĄâĆēþĆĘâĨ ĆēğþĆŇĕ
GPGTI[CPFOQDKNKV[ ĠĈē÷ňĕü ĄĘ ãňĐĠĈē÷ňĕüĐĚħüĥ
QVJGTUFKOGPUKQP åēĠüüĆĊĄ
þŌîĎĕčěãăĕāĐĚüħ ĥĠĈēġĆåĠúĆâìňĐü
âĆĆöėâĕĆŋčèŇ ĆĔâČĕ øĔĨèĠøŇġ÷ąÿĜňúĘħģ÷ňåēĠüüčĜèĠč÷èùęèâĕĆĄĘåěöăĕā
ĠĈēčèĊü ĈĚĐğâĘąĆøėýĔöôėø   ĈĔâČöēãňĐåĬĕùĕĄ ëĘĊėøčĜèùňĕģ÷ňåēĠüüøĬħĕĠč÷èĄĘåěöăĕāëĘĊėøøĬħĕåĜŇĄĚĐâĕĆĢëň
ğþŎüĄĕøĆĕčŇĊüþĆēĄĕöåŇĕğëėèğčňüøĆèĄĘøĔĊğĈãâĬĕâĔýåŇĕ ĠýýčĐýùĕĄüĘĨ č ĕĄĕĆùċę â Čĕğāėħ Ą ğøė Ą ģ÷ň é ĕâJVVR
åēĠüüýüğčňüøĆèĐąĜŇĢüëŇĊèåēĠüüåēĠüüčĜè +PUVTWOGPVUAÌNGU75'45ONJHRFH
ĎĄĕąùęèåěöăĕāëĘĊėøģĄŇ÷ĘĎĆĚĐġĆåğýĕĎĊĕüĄĘÿĈâĆēúý þŌééěýĔüĊėĊĔõüŋ øĔĨèčùėøğâĘąĆøėī ĠĈēāĆĆöúėāĕċĔâ÷ėīúĐè
øŇĐåěöăĕāëĘĊėøĄĕâ åēĠüüøĬħĕĎĄĕąùęèåěöăĕāëĘĊėø÷Ę
  ģ÷ň Ġ þĈĠýýčĐýùĕĄğþŎ ü êýĔ ý ăĕČĕģúąĠĈē
ĎĆĚĐġĆåğýĕĎĊĕüĄĘÿĈâĆēúýøŇĐåěöăĕāëĘĊėøüňĐą þĆĔýþĆěèğüĚĨĐĎĕãĐèĠýýčĐýùĕĄüĘĨ÷ňĊąġ÷ąâĕĆĠþĈģþ
3WCNKV[QHNKHGKPFGZECTFKCEXGTUKQP+8 ãňĕèĎüňĕ
HQTYCTFVTCPUNCVKQP ĠĈēâĕĆĠþĈâĈĔý
DCEMYCTF

3.+%CTFKCEXGTUKQP¼+8 ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊøė  VTCPUNCVKQP ĎĈĔèéĕâüĔüĨ üĬĕĠýýčĐýùĕĄģþú÷čĐýĢüâĈěĄŇ 


ÿĜþň Ċł ąúĘĄħ þĘ î
Ō ĎĕġĆåĎĔĊĢéğþŎüãĐèğĂĐĆŋĠĆüĠĈēğāĕğĊĐĆŋč ÿĜňþłĊąġĆåĎĔĊĢééĬĕüĊü  ĆĕąþĆĔýþĆěèéüĢëňâĔüĐąŇĕè

(GTTCPU2QYGTU ğĊĐĆŋëüĔħ ìèęħ øňüêýĔýãĐèğåĆĚĐħ èĄĚĐ ĠāĆŇĎĈĕą


üĘĨčĕĄĕĆùãĐĐüěîĕøĢëňúĘħ JVVRYYYOKUUKQPJGCNVJ #UVJOC3WCNKV[QH.KHG3WGUVKQPPCKTG
EQOFQEWOGPVU*GCTV%GPVGT3WCNKV[QH.KHG+PFGZRFH
#3.3 ğþŎüĠýýþĆēğĄėüåěöăĕāëĘĊėøÿĜňþłĊąúĘħĄĘþŌîĎĕ
ĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘùĨ âĜ ĠþĈâĈĔýğþŎüăĕČĕģúą
DCEMVTCPUNCVKQP  ġĆåĎĐýĎĚ÷ğþŎüğåĆĚħĐèĄĚĐéĕâøŇĕèþĆēğúċĠþĈğþŎüģúą
ġ÷ąğĐĄĐĆĠčèċėĆėĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĨģ÷ňþĆēğĄėüåĆĐýåĈěĄ ġ÷ąĊĔëĆĘğĈĐĄĕüâěĈ
 ĠýýþĆēğĄėüüĘĨÿĜňþłĊąčĕĄĕĆù
÷ňĕüåĚĐ
 ÷ňĕüčěãăĕāĠĈēâĕĆúĬĕĎüňĕúĘħãĐèĆŇĕèâĕą øĐýğĐè
UGNHCFOKPKUVGTGF  þĆēâĐý÷ňĊą  åĬĕùĕĄ

 ÷ňĕüčĔèåĄĠĈēğċĆČòâėé
 ÷ňĕüéėøĢéĠĈēéėøĊėîîĕö ğâĘħąĊâĔýġĆåĎĐýĎĚ÷úĘħğâė÷ĢüčĔþ÷ĕĎŋúĘħÿŇĕüĄĕâĕĆĢĎň
éĬĕüĊüĠĈē
 ÷ňĕüåĆĐýåĆĔĊĄĘåĕĬ ùĕĄúĔèĨ ĎĄ÷ĆĊĄãňĐ åēĠüüéēĄĘ ëŇĊèĆē÷ĔýåēĠüüøĔĨèĠøŇùęèġ÷ąåĚĐ
ġ÷ąĠýŇèĐĐâğþŎüčŇĊüčŇĊüúĘħĎüęħèğþŎüãňĐåĬĕùĕĄúĘħĢëň ĄĘãňĐéĬĕâĔ÷ĆěüĠĆèĎĆĚĐğâė÷ãęĨüøĈĐ÷ğĊĈĕĠĈēåĚĐģĄŇĄĘ
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ĄĘåĊĕĄğþŎüģþģ÷ňĢüúĕèþñėýĔøėéĆėè čĕĄĕĆùĊĔ÷ģ÷ňĎĈĕą þĆēğĄėüģ÷ňġ÷ąâĕĆú÷čĐýåĊĕĄčĔĄāĔüûŋâĔýøĔĊëĘĨĊĔ÷ĎĆĚĐ
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FKUETKOKPCVG XCNKFKV[  ġ÷ąúĘħåĊĕĄøĆè

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ĆēĎĊŇĕèýěååĈåĚĐĐąŇĕèģĆâĦøĕĄåŇĕüĘãĨ üęĨ âĔýéĬĕüĊüãĐè
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42
EAU HERITAGE JOURNAL
Science and Technology
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