Chemical Engineering Calculations 8. The SI system uses bar as a unit of pressure.

Which
Basic Principles of ChE Calculations one of the following is equivalent
1. Which of the following is not equivalent to 1 to 1 bar?
standard atmosphere pressure? (a) 1.01325 atm
(a) 1.01325 bar (c) 100 kPa
(b) 1.01325 Pa (b) 1.01325 × 105 N/m2
(c) 760 mm Hg (d) 101.325 kPa
(d) 101325 × 105 N/m2
9. Two bottles A and B are filled with 100 g each of
2. Pas is a unit of HNO; and H,SO, respectively. Which one of the
(a) Pressure following statements is true?
(c) Thermal conductivity (a) Bottle A contains more molecules.
(b) Power (b) Bottle B contains more molecules.
(d) Viscosity (c) Bottles A and B contain the same number of
molecules.
3. Pressure head is defined as (d) Bottles A and B contain the same number of moles
(a) Absolute pressure/density of the liquids.
(b) Gauge pressure + atmospheric pressure
(c) Absolute pressure × density 10. How many kilogram of CS, will contain 42 kg of
(d) acceleration due to gravity × density × height of carbon?
liquid column (a) 3.5 × 103
(b) 266.45
4. Thermal conductivity of material A is 40 W/m K, (c) 76.13
that of material B is 40 kcal/ (m h °C) and that of (d) None of the above
material C is 40 Btu/(ft h °F). Which material is a
better conductor of heat in comparison with others? Material Balance without Chemical Reactions
(a) Material A
(c) Material C 11. A process flow sheet analysis results in the
(b) Material B degrees of freedom having a value -2. Which one of
(d) Both materials A and B the following steps must be next carried out?
(a) Identify and add two independent new equations
5. Only one of the following statements is correct from the process model.
regarding g, the Newton's law conversion (b) Remove two equations that have been wrongly
factor. Spot the correct statement. assumed to be independent
(a) It is a dimensionless constant. (c) Assign values of two variables in the process.
(b) It is numerically equal to g, the local acceleration (d) Assign value to one variable and remove one
due to gravity. equation that was wrongly assumed
(c) Weight of a body is equal to the product of mass to be independent.
and g
(d) Numerical values of g, are different for different 12. If 50 kg of dry solid containing 6% water is
system of units obtained by drying 65 kg of wet material,
what was the initial moisture content?
6. One Btu of heat is supplied to one kilogram of (a) 27.7%
water. What will be the temperature rise for water? (b) 77%
(a) 0.252°C (c) 23%
(c) 3.97°C (d) 21%
(b) 1°C
(d) 4.186°C 13. There exists a unique solution for a set of material
balance equations if
7. If the temperature of water rises by 2°C when one (a) The number of degrees of freedom is positive
kJ heat is supplied to it, how much (b) The number of degrees of freedom is negative
water is being heated? (c) The number of degrees of freedom is zero
(a) 0.153 kg (d) The number of degrees of freedom is non-zero
(c) 200 g value
(b) 0.263 lb
(d) 4.186 kg
14. A multiple effect evaporator has a capacity to dry product containing 40% water. What is the weight
process 4000 kg of solid caustic soda per of the wet material charged
day when it is concentrating from 10% to 25% solids. to the drier?
The water evaporated in kilo-
grams per day is 22. Two liquids A and B are only partially miscible. At a
(a) 800 certain temperature, 41 kg of A and 59 kg of B are
(c) 60 000 mixed well and the mixture is allowed to settle. The
(b) 24 000 mixture separates into two immiscible phases, one
(d) 48 000 rich in A and the other rich in B. The A-rich phase
analyses 90% A and the B-rich phase analyzes 80% B.
15. An evaporator is fed with 100 kg/h of a solution What are the weights of the A-rich and B-rich phases?
which contains 10% NaC1, 10% NaOH
and the rest water. During evaporation water is 23. Ammonia is recovered from a gas mixture
removed as vapour and NaCl crystallizes containing 25% (volume) CO and 75% (volume) NH by
and is settled and removed. The mother liquor scrubbing with water. Assuming that CO, is insoluble
contains 50% NaOH and 2% NaC1. How in water, determine the percent of ammonia in the
many kilograms of salt are precipitated per hour? entering gas that is absorbed if the gas leaving
(a) 9.6 the scrubber analyzes 35% NH.
(b) 8.0
(c) 9.0 24. A mixture of benzene and toluene containing 10%
(d) None of the above by mole benzene is continuously distilled at a rate of
1000 kmol/h in a distillation column. 95% of the
16. An evaporator is fed with 100 kg/h of a solution benzene in the feed is recovered as distillate product
which contains 10% NaC1, 10% NaOH and the rest which contains 98% benzene and 2% toluene.
water. During evaporation, water is removed as Calculate the following:
vapour and NaCl crystallizes and is settled and (a) The moles of bottom product
removed. The mother liquor contains 50% NaOH and (b) The composition of the bottom product
2% NaCl. What is the weight of concentrated liquor
leaving per hour? Combustion of Gaseous Fuels
(a) 50 kg 31. Producer gas has the following composition by
(b) 25 kg volume: carbon monoxide = 25.0%,
(c) 20 kg carbon dioxide = 4.0%, oxygen = 3.0% and nitrogen =
(d) 75 kg 68.0%.
(a) Determine the volume of the gas at 1 bar and 290
17. A batch of 1000 kg of KC1 is dissolved in sufficient K per kg of carbon.
water to make a saturated solution at 363 K (solubility (b) 100 m3 of the gas at 1 bar and 290 K is to be
is 35 wt% KC1 in water). The solution is cooled to 293 burned with 20% excess air than that is theoretically
K, at which its solubility is 25.4 wt%. required for complete combustion. What volume of
(a) What is the weight of water required for solution air is required at 1 bar and 290 K?
and the weight of crystals of KCl obtained? (c) For the conditions in part (b), what would be the
(b) What is the weight of crystals obtained if 5% of the composition of the gas after complete combustion?
original water evaporates on cooling?
Combustion of Liquid Fuels
19. Oilseeds containing 40% oil and the rest inert The Orsat analysis of the flue gas from an oil-fired
insolubles are extracted with hexane to furnace is CO2: 8%, CO: 3.0% O2: 4%, and No: 85%. An
recover oil. Oil is dissolved in the solvent and is analysis indicates that the oil contains 78% by weight
removed as a clear solution. The underflow sludge carbon the remainder being combustible hydrogen
analyzed 10.53% oil and 26.32% hexane. Identify the and moisture. Air enters at 300 K and 1.013 bar.
key component. Determine the percent recovery of Assume air to be dry. Calculate the following
oil. (a) The percentage excess air used
(b) The carbon-hydrogen weight ratio of fuel oil
21. A wet granular material containing 80% water is (c) The volume of air used per kg of oil fired
dried in a rotary counter-current drier. The charge is (d) The mass of moisture (kilograms) in the flue gas
admitted at one end and hot dry air is passed from per kg of oil fired
the other end. In a typical operation, it is found that
100 kg of water is removed from the material giving a
Combustion of Solid Fuels Coal is hydrogenated in a fluidized bed reactor in the
100 kg/h of coal containing 75.0% C, 4.4% H, 8.5% 0, presence of air and steam at 675 K in order to
1.2% S, 1.4% N and 9.5% ash is burnt with 20% excess produce gaseous hydrocarbon fuels. 2000 kg per hour
air which contains 0.01 kg of water per kg of dry air. of coal containing 10% inert material by weight is
During combustion, 90% of the carbon is burnt to CO, charged into the reactor from the top, anc
and the rest to CO; and all sulphur is oxidized to SO. air and steam admitted from the bottom at a rate of
The refuse produced is dry and contains only ash. 25 000 kg/h and 3500 kg/h respectively. Assuming the
Calculate the following: complete conversion of coal, determine the flow rate
(a) Wet air supplied in kg/h of exit gases in kg/h.
(b) Wet furnace gas in kmol/h
(c) Analysis of wet furnace gas Recycle, Bypass and Purge

Nitrogen Reactions A process stream contains 4% (weight) salt and the

A plant produces 600 tons/day of ammonia. Nitrogen rest water. This is prepared by passing a part of pure
and hydrogen in the mole ratio 1:4 is sent to the water stream through a saturator containing the salt.
converter. The gases leaving the converter contains The solution leaving the saturator containing 20% salt
these gases in the ratio 1:4.25. Calculate the volume is mixed with the pure water bypassed to get the
of gases measured at 773 K and 100 kPa that process stream. What fraction of the pure water
is admitted to the reactor per day. available is to be passed through the saturator?

Phosphorus In the production of ammonia from hydrogen and

In the manufacture of phosphorus, calcium phosphate nitrogen, the conversion based on either raw material
is mixed with sand and charcoal and heated in an is limited to 15%. The ammonia produced is
electric furnace. The silica used is 15% in excess of condensed and separated. The uncondensed gases
that theoretically required to convert all the are recycled. The argon in the recycle is to be limited
phosphorus to silicate. Charcoal used is 50% in excess to 5%. If the feed contains 0.2% argon, calculate the
of that required to combine with oxygen in the purge required
phosphorus pentoxide to form carbon monoxide. It is
observed that the conversion to silicate is 85%
complete and reduction of the oxide to phosphorus is
only 70% complete. Determine the following:
(a) The ratio in which phosphate, sand and charcoal
are mixed before they are sent to the furnace
(b) The quantity of phosphorus produced per 100 kg
of the above mixture

Sulfur
A mixture of pyrites and zinc sulphide ore is burned in
a burner. The mixture contains 75% pyrites and 25%
zinc sulphide ore. The pyrites yield 90% FeS2, and the
rest gangue. The zinc sulphide ore contains 70% ZnS
and the rest inerts. A sample of cinder yields 4.0% S.
70% of the sulphur in the cinder is in the form of SO,
absorbed in it, and the rest is unoxidized FeS2. Based
on 100 kg of mixed charge, calculate the following:
(a) The amount of cinder formed and its analysis
(b) The percentage of the sulphur left in the cinder
based on the total sulphur charged

Miscellaneous
Hydrochloric acid is oxidized to chlorine by air in the
presence of a catalyst. Air is supplied 30% in excess of
the theoretical requirement and the oxidation of the
acid is 60% complete. Calculate the following:
(a) The ratio of acid to air on a weight basis
(b) The composition of the gases leaving the reactor
on a weight basis