[MAA 2.

2] QUADRATICS
SOLUTIONS
Compiled by: Christos Nikolaidis

A. Practice questions
35
1. (a)   9  16  25 , x  so x  4 or x  1
2
(b) x 2  3 x  0  x ( x  3)  0  x  0 or x  3
(c) x 2  4  0  x 2  4  x  2
24
2. (a)   4  12  16 , x  so x  3 or x  1
2
48
(b)   16  48  64 , x  so x  3 or x  1
4
(c) For f, vertex (1,-4). For g, vertex (1,-8)

(d)
3.
f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  10 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  18 f ( x)  2 x 2  12 x  23
Discriminant   64 0   40
y -intercept 10 18 23
Roots 1, 5 3 (double), No real roots,
Factorisation f ( x )  2( x  1)( x  5) f ( x )  2( x  3) 2
No factorization
axis of symmetry x3 x3 x3
Vertex V(3,-8) V(3,0) V(3,5)
Vertex form
f ( x)  2( x  3) 2  8 f ( x )  2( x  3) 2 f ( x )  2( x  3) 2  5
f ( x )  a ( x  h) 2  k
Solve f ( x )  0 x  1 or x  5 xR xR
Solve f ( x)  0 x  1 or x  5 x  R  {3} xR

Solve f ( x)  0 No solutions
1 x  5 x3
(It is always positive)
No solutions
Solve f ( x)  0 No solutions
1 x  5 (It is always positive or
(It is always positive)
0)

1
4. (a) (i) x  10 x  20
(ii) y  4( x  10)( x  20)
(b) (i) (15,-100)
(ii) y  4( x  15)  100
2

(iii) x  15
(iv) y min  100

(c) y  800
(d)

5. (a) (i) x  10 x  20
(ii) y  4( x  10)( x  20)

(b) (i) (15, 100)

(ii) y  4( x  15) 2  100
(iii) x  15
(iv) y max  100

(c) y  800
(d)

6. (a) x=4
(b) y = 12 since (8,12) is symmetric to (0,12) about x = 4
(c) y = 5 since (1,5) is symmetric to (7,5) about x = 4

2
7. (a) (i) x 2  3 x  4  x  1  x 2  4 x  3  0  x  1 or x  3
Points (1,2) and (3,4) (OR directly obtained by GDC graph)
(ii) x 2  3 x  4  x  x 2  4 x  4  0  x  2
Point (2,2) (OR directly obtained by GDC graph)
(iii) x 2  3 x  4  x  1  x 2  4 x  5  0 no real solution
No Point of intersection
(b)

B. Exam style questions (SHORT)

8. (a) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0  x = 5 or x = –2
(b) x2 – 3x – 10 = (x – 5)(x + 2)

1
9. (a) p=– , q = 2 or vice versa
2
 1 2 3
(b) By symmetry C is midway between p, q  x-coordinate is 2 
2 4

10. (a) f (x) = 0

1 9
x =,
2
intercepts are (1, 0) and (2, 0) (accept x = 1, x = 2)
x1  x 2 b
(b) xv  OR xv  
2 2a
xv = 0.5
11. (7 – x)(1 + x) = 0 x = 7 or x = –1
7  ( 1)
B: x  3
2
y = (7 – 3)(l + 3) = 16

12. y = (x +2)(x – 3) = x2 – x – 6
Therefore, p = –1, q = –6
OR
0 = 4 – 2p + q
0 = 9 + 3p + q
p = –1, q = –6

3
13. (a) f(x) = 0  2x(4 – x) = 0  x = 4, x = 0
x-intercepts are at 4 and 0 (accept (4, 0) and (0, 0))
(b) (i) x = 2 (must be equation)
(ii) substituting x = 2 into f(x)  y = 8
14.

Expression + – 0

a –
c –
b2 – 4ac 0
b
 +
2a
b +

15.

Expression + – 0

a –
c 0
b2 – 4ac +
b
 +
2a
b +

16.

Expression + – 0

a +
c –
2 +
b – 4ac
b
 +
2a
b –

17. (b) Vertex is (3, 5)

(a) Directly f (x) = (x – 3)2 + 5
OR f (x) = x2 – 6x + 14 = x2 – 6x + 9 – 9 + 14 = (x – 3)2 + 5

18. (a) 2x2 – 8x + 5 = 2(x2 – 4x + 4) + 5 – 8 = 2(x – 2)2 – 3

OR vertex at (2, –3)  y = 2(x – 2)2 – 3
=> a = 2, p = 2, q = –3
(b) Minimum value of f (x) = –3

4
19. (a) Vertex is (– 0.5, 1.5)
(b) f (x) = 2(x + 0.5)2 + 1.5

20. (a) Vertex is (– 0.5, – 0.75)

(b) f (x) = – (x +0.5)2 – 0.75

21. (a) q = –2, r = 4 or q = 4, r = –2

(b) x = 1 (must be an equation)
4 1
(c) substituting (0, –4) into the equation: –4 = –8p  p =   
8  2

22. (a) Since the vertex is at (3, 1)

h = 3, k = 1
(b) (5, 9) is on the graph  9 = a(5 – 3)2 + 1
 9 = 4a + 1  4a = 8  a = 2
(c) y = 2(x – 3)2 + 1 = 2(x2 – 6x + 9) + 1 = 2x2 – 12x + 19

23. (a) h3 k 2

(b) y≤2
(c) f ( x)   ( x  3) 2  2   x 2  6 x  9  2   x 2  6 x  7

24. (a) (i) h = – 1, (ii) k = 2

(b) a(l + l)2 + 2 = 0  a = –0.5

25. (a) (i) p = 1, q = 5 (or p = 5, q = 1)

(ii) x=3 (must be an equation)
(b) y = (x  1)(x  5) = x2  6x + 5 = (x  3)2  4
OR For x = 3, y =  4  y = (x  3)2  4

26. (a) (i) m = 3 (ii) p = 2

(b) 0 = d(1  3)2 + 2 OR 0 = d(5  3)2 + 2 OR 2 = d(3  1)(3  5)
1
d 
2

27. (a) p  2 q  4 (or p  4, q  2 )

(b) y  a ( x  2)( x  4)

1
8  a (6  2)(6  4)  8  16a  a 
2
1 1 1
(c) y  ( x  2)( x  4)y  ( x 2  2 x  8)
y  x2  x  4
2 2 2
1 9
(d) y  ( x  1) 2 
2 2

5
28. (a) f (x) = –10(x + 4)(x – 6)
(b) METHOD 1
Vertex: x = 1, y = –10(1+ 4)(1– 6), Hence f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250
METHOD 2
complete the square f (x) = –10(x2 – 2x – 24)= –10((x –1)2 –1– 24) = –10(x –1)2 + 250
(c) f (x) = –10(x + 4)(x – 6) = –10(x2 – 6x + 4x – 24) = 240 + 20x –10x2
OR
f (x) = –10(x –1)2 + 250 =–10(x2 – 2x +1) + 250 = 240 + 20x –10x2

29. (2,-3) and (6,9)

30. (4,-1)

31. no points of intersection

32. (-2,1) and (2,1)

6
33. 4x2 + 4kx + 9 = 0
Only one solution  b2 – 4ac = 0 16k2 – 4(4)(9) = 0
k2 = 9  k = 3
But given k > 0, k = 3

34. One solution  discriminant = 0

9 1 
32 – 4k = 0  9 = 4k  k =   2 , 2.25 
4 4 
35. (a) (k – 3)2 – 4 × k × 1 = 0, k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
k = 1, k = 9
(b) k = 1, k = 9

36. (a)   0,  (–4k)2 – 4(2k)(1) = 0  16k2 – 8k = 0  8k(2k– 1) = 0

1
k
2
(b) vertex is on the x-axis  p > 0

37. Discriminant ∆ = (–2k)2 – 4, ∆ > 0

(2k)2 – 4 > 0  4k2 – 4 > 0
Solve 4k2 – 4 = 0  4k2 = 4  k2 = 1  k = ±1
THEN k < –1 or k > 1

38. Δ = 9 – 4k > 0  9 > 4k  k < 2.25

crosses the x-axis if k = 1 or k = 2

39. For kx2 – 3x + (k + 2) = 0 to have two distinct real roots then k  0 and 9 – 4k(k + 2) > 0
4k2 + 8k – 9 < 0 , hence –2.803 < k <0.803
Set of values of k is –2.80 < k < 0.803, k  0
40.

41. 100 – 4(1 + 2k)(k – 2) ≥0. Graph

–3 4.5

–3 ≤ k ≤ 4.5 (accept –3 < k < 4.5)

42.

7
43. Let f (x) = ax2 + bx + c where a = 1, b = (2 – k) and c = k2.
Then for a > 0, f(x) > 0 for all real values of x if and only if
b2 – 4ac < 0 (2 – k)2 – 4k2 < 0
 4 – 4k + k2 – 4k2 < 0 3k2 – 4k – 4 > 0
2
 (3k – 2)(k + 2) > 0 k > , k < –2
3
44. m(x +1)  x2  x2 – mx – m  0
Hence  = b2 – 4ac  0  m2 + 4m  0
Now using a sketch of quadratic (or otherwise): –4  m  0

45. For intersection: mx + 5 = 4 – x2 or x2 + mx + 1 = 0.

For tangency: discriminant = 0
Thus, m2 – 4 = 0 , so m = 2

46. 2x2  2x 1  x2  m  x2  2x  m 1  0 .
  0  4  4( m  1)  0  8  4 m  0  m  2

C. Exam style questions (LONG)

47. (a) Vertex is (4, 8)

(b) Substituting 10 = a(7  4)2 + 8  a = 2
(c) For y-intercept, x = 0, y = 24

(d) 2( x  4) 2  8  0  2( x  4)2  8  ( x  4)2  4  x  4  2

 x  6 or x  2
OR by expanding and then solve, x  6 or x  2
(e)

48. (a) substituting (–4, 3)

3 = a(–4)2 + b(–4) + c  16a – 4b + c = 3
(b) 3 = 36a + 6b + c
–1 = 4a – 2b + c
(c) a = 0.25, b = –0.5, c = –3 (accept fractions)
f (x) = 0.25x2 – 0.5x – 3
(d) f(x) = 0.25(x – 1)2 – 3.25 (accept h = 1, k = –3.25, a = 0.25, or fractions)

8
49. (a) Δ = 0  q2  4(4)(25) = 0  q2 = 400  q = 20, q = 20
(b) x = 2.5
(c) (0, 25)
(d)

50. (a) line and graph intersect when 3 x 2  x  4  mx  1  3x 2  (1  m) x  3  0 .

  (1  m)2  36
(i) The line is tangent when   0  (1  m) 2  36  1  m  6  m  5 , m  7
(ii) Two points of intersection when   0  m  5 , m  7
(iii) No points of intersection when   0  7  m  5 .

(b) When m  5 , 3 x 2  6 x  3  0  x 2  2 x  1  0  x  1 . Then y  6 . Point (1,6).

When m  7 , 3 x 2  6 x  3  0  x 2  2 x  1  0  x  1 . Then y  8 . Point (–1,8).

51. Let A(a,a2) and B(b,0) be the points on the graph and on x-axis respectively. Then

ab a2  0
 5 and  2 , hence a  2 and a  8 or 12 respectively.
2 2

Therefore, A(2,4), B(8,0), or A(-2,4), B(12,0).

(b) Let C(c,c2) be on the graph .
(c  5) 2  (c 2  2) 2  23 2  c  5 or c  4.78 .
Therefore C(5,25) or C(-4.78,22.8)