TOPIC: Prepare Architectural Job Requirement

Technical Terms:
Baluster Detail - is the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony
railing.
Column/Footing/Beam Schedule - a complete specification of column, footings,
and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.
Construction Notes - a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and
other required structural features to present in the plan.
Electrical Plan - a plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification
details of the house.
Foundation Plan - a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a
building.
Floor Plan - is the top view of the floor area of a house.
Footings - a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house.
General Notes - a complete specification and legend of structural features
presented in the plan.
Lighting layout - an electrical plan.
Location Plan - is the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will
built.
Perspective - is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is viewed.
Power & Auxiliary layout - an electrical plan that shows the location of the
convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
Reflected Ceiling Plan - is the complete plan design of house ceiling.
Roof Plan - is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object.
Roof Framing Plan - a structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete
specification.
Section - is the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross-
section or longitudinal section lines.
Site Development Plan or Lot Plan - refers to the position and the location of the
building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade contours, landscape and
other pertinent data in relation to the site.
Septic Tank - it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all
washing done in the kitchen and bathroom.
Storm Drainage System - shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor
drain, and downspout from roof to storm drainage.
Truss Detail - a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building.
Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
A. Tools:
1. T-square - used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guides for triangles.
2. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
3. Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tool of a draftsman in drawing.
4. Erasing shield - a thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and inked lines
to protect other drawing lines.
5. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.
6. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarged or reduced measurement and
distances to a regular proportion in the drawing paper.
7. French curve - a flat drafting instrument with curved edges and several scroll
shaped cutouts, used as a guide in drawing curves when constructing graphs
or making technical drawings.
8. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener - it helps pencil lead into a conical shape points.
9. Compass - used to draw arcs and circles.
10. Dusting brush – a tool use for dusting and cleaning drawings.
11. Technical Pen - a pen used for inking lines in drawing.
12. Templates - a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols and used as guide
for drawing images on plans.
13. Ruler - it is the most popular type of tool for measuring sizes and distances.
14. Divider - an instrument used when transferring measurements, dividing lines,
arcs into the desired number of equal parts.
B. Materials:
1. Tracing paper - thin transparent paper used for reproduction in blueprint.
2. Masking tape - used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing board.
3. Eraser - used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines
4. Sandpaper Block - serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a pencil into
desired points.
C. Equipment:
1. Drawing board/table – a board made of soft wood but with cleats of hard wood
where the drawing paper is fastened with a draftsman’s tape.
2. Drawing stool - a basic tool in drafting use is to give some height for the
drafting table on the user when drawing.
3. Drafting machine - a high technology machine for drawing purposes.
 Architectural Working Drawings
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications are the most
important parts of the documents. Information on the designs, locations, and
dimensions of the elements of a building is found on the architectural working drawings
while information on the quality of materials and workmanship is found in the
specifications. A good architectural working drawing gives the contractor the exact
information he needs. It should be clear, simple, and orderly arranged, and accurately
drawn so that scaled measurements will match with dimensions.
The finished drawings made by the architect, or a draftsman and used by the
contractor are called architectural working drawings. The architectural working
drawings, together with the specifications and the general conditions, form the legal
contract between the owner and the contractor. Since working drawings are the major
portion of the contract documents, they should be very carefully drawn.
As beginner, it is important that you should be able to interpret, identify tools and
materials used in working drawings and fully understand the standard procedure in lay-
outing and detailing architectural working plans and drawings.
Elements of Architectural Working Drawing
1. Architectural sheets:
Sample Blueprint of a One-Storey House
A. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior perspective, site development plan or
plot plan, and vicinity map or location plan is often included in the plan).
Perspective
The view as seen by the eyes or it shows the appearance of the finished building.
This drawing represents the actual form of the proposed building. (See sample
perspective below).
Location Plan
The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built. It shows the
position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes
before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is usually located near the
title block. The main line symbol of the North sign is generally parallel to the side border
line of the drawing paper and points upward.
Sheet # 1 – Perspective View, Location Plan and Site Development Plan:
Title Block in House Plan.
The title block in house plans includes the following information:
1. Owner’s name
2. Location or address of the proposed house
3. Lot and block numbers
4. Signature of architect or civil engineer who approves the plan
5. Draftsman’s name or initials
6. Date when plan was drawn or completed
 7. Scale as shown (See title block in sheet #1)
B. Sheet # 2 & 3– Floor Plan with Complete Elevations.
Floor Plan
The top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane line for this top view
passes between the upper and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of
rooms, doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
Elevation
The front or side view of a building. It shows the design of the house, height
dimension; materials finish and complete information on specification.
Sheet # 2 – Floor Plan, Front, Rear, Right Side and Left Side Elevations
Section
The view showing the inside part of the building either in traverse section or
longitudinal section.
Sample Longitudinal Section
Sample Traverse Section
Roof Plan
Showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating ridges, valleys,
hips, and openings.
Reflected Ceiling Plan
The complete plan design of house ceiling.
Baluster Detail
The detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing.
Sheet # 3 - Sections, Details, Roof Plan and Reflected Ceiling Plan
C. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen, and Detail of Toilet
and Bath
Doors and Window Schedule
A complete specification of doors and windows in terms of width, height, types,
materials and quantity.
Kitchen Detail
A drawing of kitchen floor plan with complete specifications
Toilet and Bath Detail
A drawing of toilet and the floor plan that shows complete features of toilet and
bath.
Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of Kitchen, Detail of Toilet and Bath
Here are the list of architectural term and their abbreviations commonly used in
technical drafting preparations. You are going to come across these terms so familiarize
each.
Architectural Abbreviations:

Abbrev Terms Abbrev. Terms Abbrev. Terms

@ At CORR CORRUGATED LAV LAVATORY

BALC BALCONY DR DINING ROOM LR LIVING ROOM

B BATHROOM DN DOWN MBR MASTER

BR BEDROOM DS DOWN SPOUT M METER

B.W. BOTH WAYS ELEV. ELEVATION MM MILIMETER

BLDG BUILDING FFL FINISH FLOOR NTS NOT TO

BLT-IN BUILT-IN FGL FINISH GROUND OC ON CENTER

CAB CABINET FLR FLOOR SEC. SECTION

CL CEILING LINE FL FLOOR LINE T&B TOILET &

CEM CEMENT GL GROUND LINE VERT. VERTICAL

CHB CONCRETE K KITCHEN

Architectural Symbols
Familiarizing all the architectural symbols is a prerequisite for all students in
architecture and drafting technology programs considering that their future works will be
on the architectural activity. It would be difficult for them to interpret drawing or blueprint
unless they have familiarized all the architectural symbols.
The following illustrations are the architectural symbols:
a. Doors and windows symbols that are shown in the floor plan.
b. Doors and windows symbols that used to represent doors on floor plans and
elevation drawings.
c.Door, window and staircase symbols that are shown in the elevation plans.
D. Sheet # 5& 6 -Foundation Plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and Column/
Footing/Beam Schedules
Structural Plans
Foundation Plan
A structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a building.
Roof Framing Plan
A structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete specification.
Truss Detail
A complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a building.
Column/Footing/Beam Schedule
A complete specification of column, footings, and beam in terms of sizes,
materials and quantity.
Footings
A part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house. A detail
drawing of building footings with specific requirements.
Construction Notes
A sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams, and other required
structural features to present in the plan.
General Notes
A complete specification and legend of structural features presented in the plan.
Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and Column/Footing/
Beam Schedules
Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General Notes
Plumbing Plan/Layout
E. Sheet # 7 & 8 -Water and Sewage System Plan
Plumbing Plan
The complete drawing detail of water and sewage distribution.
Water System Plan
The drawing of flow of water in the house from main water source.
Sewage System Plan
The drawing flow of sewage from the house to main canal and septic tank.
Sheet # 7 - Water and Sewage System Plan
Sheet # 8 - Storm Drainage System, and Septic Tank Detail
Storm Drainage System
Shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor drain, and downspout from
roof to storm drainage.
Septic Tank
 Is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all washing done
in the kitchen and bathroom. The main section of septic tank is the digestive chamber
and the leaching well.
Electrical Plan
F. Sheet # 9 - Lighting Layout, Power and Auxiliary Layout, Location Plan, Panel
Board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications
Electrical Plan
A plan consists of lighting plan, power layout and specification details of the
house.
Lighting Layout
An electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
Power & Auxiliary Layout
An electrical plan that shows the flow of convenience outlet and other auxiliary
outlet in the floor plan.
Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location plan, Panel board
Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications
Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms, used to represent various
electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These symbols are used in
sketching schematic diagram for numerous types of electrical work
Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations Used in wiring plan and diagram:
• ACU – Air-Conditioning Unit
• Weather Proof Outlet – WP
• M –Meter

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Switch Galvanometer
Fuse Wattmeter

Connected Wires Wires Not

Circuit Breaker Push Button