Aviation Industry They developed new technologies that allowed for

Aviation pressurized cabins, more aerodynamic designs, new

-The word “aviation” was coined by French writer and metals, larger sizes, and turbojets capable of supersonic
former naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863, from speed.
the verb “avier” means “flying” >By 1947, the sound barrier was broken and regular
-The word “avier” was derived from the Latin word “avis” transoceanic flights became a reality within two years.
which means bird. Later the word “ATION” was added as Boeing introduced the B52 in the 1950s and this strategic
suffix to coin the word “Aviation” bomber was equipped with eight turbojet engines,
-Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, intercontinental range and a capacity of half a million
being the design, development, production, operation and pounds.
use of aircraft, especially heavier than air, aircraft. >In 1963, a small jet aircraft called the Learjet became a
THE EVOLUTION OF THE AVIATION INDUSTRY reality.
>Man has been building primitive flying apparatuses >Six years later, Boeing developed the Revolutionary
since before the common era, however, famed Italian 747 that wide bodied turbofan powered commercial
inventor Leonardo da Vinci credited with designing early airliner became the most successful model ever created
ancestors of the airplane based on the flight of birds, and it served as the foundation for countless other
including the parachute and an early version of the models.
propeller >The 1970s saw the arrival of the supersonic Concorde
>1783 was considered a breakthrough year in aviation. jet and the Airbus.
For example, hot air balloons became popular in Europe >Leading up to the 90s, designers began adapting a
with help from the Montgolfier Brothers. flying wing design and the use of composite metals. While
>More significant advances came at the end of the 19th this effectively made conventional radar obsolete, it was
century when gliders became more well developed. meant only for military applications. This also spurred the
>In 1848, John Stringfellow managed the first powered creation of crafts like Lockheed Martin's F117 stealth
flight by using a steam powered flying machine. fighter.
>Lawrence Hargrave then helped develop the Rotary >Air travel has become the fastest method of global
engine by introducing the use of compressed air transportation.And a major pillar of warfare disasters like
>Samuel Pierpont Langley, attempted several unpiloted the Hindenburg acted as cautionary tales, but flight has
and piloted efforts. His aerodrome was later considered advanced to the point where it is now labeled as the
the first machine capable of flight. safest means available. 
>Just days after Langley gave up his attempts, the Sectors of Aviation
Wright brothers achieved a breakthrough on December 1. Military Aviation is the use of military aircraft for
17th, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright managed the first conducting aerial warfare, airlifting of cargo for armed
reputable instance of sustained flight by a heavier than air forces stationed far away which could be even at a
vehicle.They called the Wright flyer. This first flight country's borders. Military aircraft includes bombers,
travelled 120 feet in 12 seconds. Within five years, the fighters, transports, trainer aircraft. Army, navy, air force,
rights had lengthened their flight time to over an hour. coast guard etc. come under the term Military Aviation.
Unfortunately, shortly thereafter, their experiments 2. General Aviation (GA) is defined by the International
resulted in the first instance of an airplane passenger Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) as "all civil aviation
death due to a crash. despite this set back. operations other than scheduled air services and non-
>Flight quickly became ubiquitous and its use increased scheduled air transport operations for remuneration or
exponentially because of its role as a military tool. hire". The category also is sometimes called general
Leading up to World War One, airplanes were mainly aviation and aerial work (GA/AW). General Aviation refers
used for photography and reconnaissance missions and to corporate jets, private planes, rescue helicopters, and
not as weapons of war. crop dusters.
>Instead of wood, planes were built of aluminum and 3. Commercial Aviation includes airlines that carry
became much more powerful as well. Airmail also passengers and cargo. It refers to domestic and
became a reality, as did transcontinental flight. Flight international carriers, regional carriers, (commuters) and
records were constantly broken, and the first round the supplemental air carriers (charters and air taxes).
World Trip occurred in 1924. International carriers are airplanes that fly between two
>World War Two firmly established fixed wing aircraft as countries while domestic carriers are airplanes that fly
a decisive factor for military victory. By the time the within a country.
smoke cleared over Europe, humanity had developed jet International Aviation Organizations
and rocket propulsion as well as radar technology. 1) International Air Transport Aviation (IATA), like the
>The importance of aircraft to warfare only increased with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), is equally
the advent of Nuclear bomb. important to international aviation. While the former is an
>In 1945, a minor military contractor named Boeing association which is run by airlines, the latter is an
became the largest aircraft manufacturer in the world. intergovernmental organization. The whole process of
 cooperation between airline operators in IATA, although focus areas, sponsors and holds numerous regional and
related to their own benefit, is directed towards making air national trade shows and seminars, including the annual
transport more efficient and consequently better value for NBAA Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition, which
the consumer. is one of the international aviation industry’s largest
1. 2) INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION events.
(ICAO) are to develop the principles and techniques of air 7. 8) Civil Air Navigation Services Organization
international, air navigation and to foster the planning and (CANSO) is the global voice of air traffic management
development of air transport so as to: Ensure the safe (ATM) worldwide. CANSO Members support over 85% of
and orderly growth of international civil aviation world air traffic. Members share information and develop
throughout the world. Meet the needs of the people of the new policies, with the ultimate aim of improving air
world for safe, regular, efficient and economical air navigation services (ANS) on the ground and in the air.
transport CANSO represents its Members’ views to a wide range of
2. 3) AIRPORTS COUNCIL INTENATIONAL (ACI) - aviation stakeholders, including the International Civil
contributes to the safety, security, and sustainability of the Aviation Organization, where it has official Observer
global aviation industry by advancing the collective status. CANSO has an extensive network of Associate
interests of airports and the communities they serve and Members drawn from across the aviation industry.
promoting excellence in airport management and CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN AVIATION
operations. Foster collaboration between airports, Aircraft Maintenance Technician- is responsible for
governments, industry stakeholders, and international inspecting, maintaining and repairing the various parts
organizations and systems that make up an aircraft. They work on
3. 4) Professional Aviation Maintenance Association - everything from the engines and wings to the landing
promote a high degree of professionalism among aviation gear and tail. The job can be challenging, but it’s also
maintenance personnel; to foster and improve methods, very rewarding when everything is working properly and
skills, learning, and achievement in the field of Aviation the aircraft takes off safely. 
Maintenance; to conduct national, state, and local Airline Administrator- Airline administrative support
meetings and seminars; to recognize achievement in our personnel are the backbone of the airline industry. They
field; to publish, distribute, and disseminate news, keep the airline running smoothly and efficiently behind
technical bulletins, journals and other appropriate the scenes. This important role is responsible for a wide
publications dealing with the trade of Aviation range of activities, from answering customer inquiries to
Maintenance; to collaborate with other organizations in preparing flight paperwork. It is essential to a successful
aviation; to address the queries of governmental agencies airline operation. 
pertaining to maintenance rules and guidelines. Airline Attorney- are responsible for ensuring that an
4. 5) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest airline is in compliance with all federal and state laws.
transportation agency of the U.S. government and They also provide legal advice to the airline’s
regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well management and employees, represent the airline in civil
as over surrounding international waters. Its powers litigation, and negotiate and draft contracts. Airline
include air traffic management, certification of personnel Attorneys must have a law degree from an accredited law
and aircraft, setting standards for airports, and protection school, be licensed to practice law in the state where the
of U.S. assets during the launch or re-entry of commercial airline is based, and have several years of experience in
space vehicles. Powers over neighboring international aviation law. 
waters were delegated to the FAA by authority of the Airline Manager- are responsible for the overall
International Civil Aviation Organization. operation of an airline. They develop and implement
5. 6) Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, a not-for- policies and procedures, direct and manage staff, and
profit organization dedicated to general aviation, was oversee financial operations. To be successful in this role,
incorporated on May 15, 1939. From the start, AOPA has it is important to have strong leadership skills and be able
fought to protect the freedom to fly while keeping general to make decisions quickly. 
aviation safe, fun, and affordable. Growth in the early Airline Passenger Assistant- are responsible for helping
years was slow, but by 2010 more than 400,000 passengers with boarding and deplaning, as well as
individuals were AOPA members. providing general assistance to passengers. Passenger
6. 7) National Business Aviation Association is a U.S.- assistants must be able to work quickly and efficiently,
based trade organization that represents companies that and they need to have excellent people skills.
use general aviation (GA) aircraft fixed-wing and rotary Airline Pilot- are responsible for the safe transportation
wing, piston-powered and turbine-powered in their of passengers and cargo. They must ensure that all
business operations. The organization’s stated purpose is safety procedures are followed and they must be able to
“to foster an environment that allows business aviation to handle any emergency that may arise. In addition, airline
thrive in the United States and around the world.” NBAA pilots must be able to navigate their aircraft through all
provides training and professional development weather conditions. They must also be able to
opportunities, identifies and works to improve top safety
communicate effectively with air traffic control and with with labor laws. This is a challenging and rewarding
the cabin crew. career that requires excellent organizational skills ,
Airline Ramp Agent- are responsible for the safety and attention to detail , and the ability to handle difficult
security of passengers and cargo on an aircraft. They conversations. 
also help to load and unload baggage and cargo, as well Information technology specialist - are responsible for
as direct planes on the ground. This is a very important managing the technology that keeps airline operations
role in the aviation industry, and airline ramp agents must running smoothly. They work with computers and
be able to work quickly and efficiently to get planes software to track flights , monitor baggage and cargo, and
boarded and off the ground safely. manage reservations and other customer data. This is a
Airline Regional Sales Managers- are responsible for critical role because without a strong and stable IT
developing and maintaining relationships with the key infrastructure the airline would be vulnerable to not only
clients in their region. They work with airline executives to flight delays and loss of business but also cyber-attacks. 
create sales plans and identify new growth opportunities. Aviation jobs at airports - Unless they're wearing the
They must be able to build strong relationships with uniform of a particular airline , all the people you see
clients and be able to negotiate favorable contracts.  working at an airport are employed by the airport itself,
Airline Reservation Sales Agent- are the front line of employed by one of the companies with a concession at
customer service for airlines. They are responsible for the airport , or they are contractors. 
helping passengers book flights, reserve seats, and make Airport baggage handler - As a baggage handler , your
changes to their reservations. They also handle customer responsibilities will include loading and unloading
complaints and provide assistance as needed.  baggage onto and from aircraft, as well as moving
Airline Ticket Agent- are responsible for a wide variety luggage around the airport. This is a critical role in
of tasks, such as issuing tickets, checking in passengers showing that passengers have a smooth and enjoyable
and handling baggage.  travel experience. The work can be physically demanding
Avionics Technician- are responsible for the installation , but it's also very rewarding. You will be working as part
and maintenance of avionics equipment in aircraft. They of a team and you will be responsible for the security and
must be able to read blueprints and schematic diagrams, safety of passenger belongings. Shift work is likely in
as well as have a working knowledge of electronics and overtime is a distinct possibility. 
computers. They typically work for airlines, aircraft Airport operations agents - are the frontline staff of an
manufacturers, or maintenance companies.The role of airport. They are responsible for the safety and security of
avionics technicians is to maintain and install passengers, baggage, and cargo. They must also ensure
communication, navigation, and surveillance equipment that all fights are running on schedule. The role of an
on aircraft. airport operations agent can be extremely demanding, but
Crew Schedule Coordinator- is responsible for creating, it is also very rewarding. The skills that an airport
maintaining, and managing the crew schedules for an operations agent needs to succeed include customer
airline. They work with the pilots, flight attendants and service skills, problem-solving skills, attention to detail,
other airline staff to ensure that all flights are staffed with communication skills, teamwork skills, and time
the necessary personnel and that all crew members are management skills. 
properly rested and meet all regulatory requirements. Aircraft refuelers - are responsible for the safe and
This is a critical role in ensuring that flights operate safely efficient fueling of aircraft. They must be able to work
and on time.  quickly and accurately to minimize delays. Aircraft fuelers
Flight attendant - play a crucial role in ensuring the must also be able to work safely with hazardous
safety of passengers on board an aircraft. They are materials. The role of an aircraft refueler is important for
responsible for performing a wide variety of tasks, from keeping flights on schedule and ensuring the safety of
providing customer service to overseeing the safety of the passengers and crew. The work can be physically
cabin. To be a successful flight attendant, it is important demanding and you will be working outside in all
to have strong customer service skills and be able to weathers. 
handle stress effectively. Airport equipment driver - They may also be
Flight Instructor - are responsible for inducting recently responsible for maintaining the supplies and equipment.
qualified pilots into the airline and ensuring that pilots This is a great opportunity for young job seekers who are
maintain the highest standards of flying required. They looking for a career that offers a lot of variety. The airport
have to ensure that the pilots are sufficiently scaled to fly equipment driver is responsible for ensuring that all the
the various aircraft types and that they have all the supplies and equipment are delivered to the correct
recency requirements for them. Fight instructors are often location and that they are in good condition when they
recruited from the most senior pilots who have arrive. This is a very important position at the airport, and
demonstrated their abilities during many years of flying.  the airport equipment driver must be reliable and efficient.
Human resources manager - of an airline , you will be Airport firefighter - are responsible for the safety of
responsible for overseeing the hiring process, managing passengers, crew, and aircraft during a fire emergency.
employee files, and benefits, and ensuring compliance They work in the airport terminal and on the tarmac
comma where they extinguish fires,   rescue passengers communications and IT systems to support and maintain
and crew,  and provide emergency medical care. Airport safe use of airspace.
firefighters must be able to think quickly and decisively in Air Service and Routes
emergencies, and they must be able to work as part of a 1. Scheduled service - business or for vacation travel
team. They also need to be able to communicate operating regularly as per fixed schedule, advertised
effectively with other airport personnel, passengers, and times regardless of number of passengers.
the media. Typically have at least 2 years of experience 2. Chartered service - tour operator/s chartered the
in firefighting before they are hired by an airport. They whole plane or flight for a round trip.
may also have certification as emergency medical 3. Privately owned jet - business travellers (usually
technicians. The work can be dangerous, and the airport senior executives) fly on a corporate jet that their
firefighters must be prepared to face a wide variety of company owns.
emergencies, including fires, chemical spills, and aircraft Airline’s Regulatory Bodies
accidents. They also must be prepared to work long International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) -
hours, often in difficult and hazardous conditions.  creates regulations of aviation safety and security,
Airport vehicle mechanic - Working as an airport effieciency and regularity and environmental protection.
vehicle mechanic is a great way to get started in the The organization also regulates operating practices and
aviation industry. These mechanics are responsible for procedures covering the technical field of aviation.
inspecting, preparing , and maintaining the vehicles that International Air Transport Association (IATA) - is the
are used on airport property. They must be able to work trade association for the world’s airlines, representing
quickly and efficiently to keep the airport running some 290 airlines or 83% of total air traffic. They support
smoothly.  many areas of aviation activity and help formulate
Aviation meteorologist - play a critical role in ensuring industry policy on critical aviation issues.
the safety of both passengers and crew. They use their Department of Civil Aviation - Malaysia (DCA) - it is an
knowledge of the weather to provide real-time updates to organization in the ministry of transport Malaysia
pilots, air traffic controllers, and other ground personnel. administering the activities of aviation. The activity
This information helps them to make informed decisions includes basically the transportation of passengers, mail
about things like whether or not to delay or divert the flight and cargo from and include to the airspace of malaysia.
and whether or not an airport can remain open in extreme Federal Aviation Administration - USA (FAA) -
weather conditions.  control’s operations, licenses pilots, inspects aircraft, and
Flight dispatcher - is responsible for overseeing the overseas maintenance. FAA w/in the DOT, regulates civil
entire flight operations and ensuring that all aspects of the aviation to promote safety and air traffic control. It issues
flight are in accordance with regulations. They work with airport operating certifications depending on the type of
pilots, air traffic controllers, and other airline personnel to aircraft served. It is also issues certifications for aviation
ensure that flights depart and arrive on schedule. The role employees, aircrafts, airlines, and other purposes.
of a flight dispatcher is essential to the safety of Joint Aviation Authorities - Europe (JAA) - was an
passengers and crew. They are responsible for the associated body of the European Civil Aviation
coordination of all ground operations related to a flight, Conference (ECAC) representing the civil aviation
including loading and unloading baggage and cargo, regulatory authorities of a number of European States
fueling the aircraft, and arranging catering. Flight who have agreed to co-operate in developing and
dispatchers must be able to work under pressure in a implementing common safety regulatory standards and
fast-paced environment. They must have a good procedures.
understanding of aviation regulations and be able to Civil Aviation Safety Authority - Australia (CASA) - is
make quick decisions.  the Australia national aviation authority, the government
AVIATION SYSTEM statutory authority responsible for the regulation of civil
What is the difference between the Airline industry aviation. It is responsible to the Minister of transport and
and Aviation industry? was established in 1988.
Airline & Aviation Industry, are sometimes thought of as Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) - is
being synonymous but in reality, they have different the agency responsible for prescribing rules and
meaning. regulations for all aircraft owned and operated in the
Airline Industry, refers to companies that offer air Philippines. It is also tasked w/ the enforcement of laws
transport services to paying customers. And can be governing air transportation.
classed as just one sector of the wider aviation industry. AIR TRAFFIC RIGHTS - means the right for scheduled
Aviation Industry, includes all aviation-related industry. and non-scheduled air transport services to operate
Aviation - the aviation system is vast and made up of and/or to carry passengers, cargo and mail for
thousands of entry points. In the US, it consists of two remuneration or hire from, to, within, or over the territory
main parts: (1) airports, aircraft and supporting personnel of a Party, including points to be served, routes to be
and assets; and (2) aviation command, control, operated, types of traffic to be carried, capacity to be
provided, tariffs to be charged and their conditions, and
criteria for designation of airlines, including such criteria Seventh Freedom.The freedom to base aircraft in a
as number, ownership, and control. foreign country for use on international services,
establishing a de facto foreign hub. Covers the right to
First Freedom. The freedom to overfly a foreign country operate passenger services between two countries
(A) from a home country en route to another (B) without outside the home country.
landing. Also called transit freedom. With the end of the
Cold War, the first freedom is widely available across the Eighth Freedom.The freedom to carry traffic between
world, but countries such as Russia often limit the transit two domestic points in a foreign country on a flight that
freedom to a few carriers. either originated in or is destined for the carrier’s home
country. Also referred to as “cabotage” privileges. It
Second Freedom. The freedom to stop in a foreign involves the right to move passengers on a route from a
country for a technical/refueling purpose only. A flight home country to a destination country that uses more
from a home country can land in another country for than one stop along which passengers may be loaded
purposes other than carrying passengers, such as and unloaded.
refueling, maintenance, or emergencies. The final
destination is a third country. Ninth Freedom. The freedom to carry traffic between two
domestic points in a foreign country without a flight
TRANSIT RIGHTS - (1st & 2nd freedom )This first two continuing on to an airline’s home country. This freedom
rights are also called transit rights that were established is also referred to as “full cabotage” or “open-skies”
by the Chicago convention, and they are known as the privileges.
International Air Services Transit Agreement and
nowadays 129 countries signed the treaty. A salient issue remains that air freedoms are independent
of trade agreements. Therefore, a free trade agreement
Third Freedom. The freedom to carry traffic from a home could exist between two nations, implying a liberalization
country to another country for the purpose of commercial of commercial transactions and the opportunity for
services. respective corporations to invest. However, their
respective air carriers could still operate under the same
Fourth Freedom. The freedom to pick up traffic from commercial restrictions as before the trade agreement.
another country to a home country for the purpose of
commercial services. Cabotage is prohibited, unless a special permit of the
competent authority of the host country has been granted.
The Third and Fourth Freedoms are the basis for direct
commercial services, providing the rights to load and Aircraft
unload passengers, mail, and freight in another country. Military aircraft - used by the armed forces of different
They are commonly reciprocal agreements implying that countries.
the two involved countries will open commercial services Civilian aircraft - used for the purpose of transportation
to their respective carriers simultaneously. Private aircraft - used by VIPs for their travelling
purposes. The passenger capacity is maximum.
Fifth Freedom. The freedom to carry traffic between two Commercial aircraft - carry both passengers and cargo
foreign countries on a flight that either originated in or is Cargo aircraft - this aircraft also known as freighter
destined for the carrier’s home country. It enables airlines aircraft designed to carry cargo in both main and lower
to carry passengers from a home country to another deck. There are no passengers on board.
intermediate country and then fly on to third-country with Combi aircraft - this aircraft is designed to carry both
the right to pick up passengers in the intermediate passenger and cargo in the half deck and passenger in
country. Also referred to as “beyond right”. This freedom the half deck.
is divided into two categories: Intermediate Fifth Freedom
Type is the right to carry from the third country to the
second country. Beyond Fifth Freedom Type is the right
to carries from a second country to a third country.

Sixth Freedom. The “unofficial” freedom to carry traffic

between two foreign countries via the carrier’s home
country by combining third and fourth freedoms. Not
formally part of the original 1944 convention, it refers to
the right to carry passengers between two countries
through an airport in the home country. With the hubbing
function of most air transport networks, this freedom has
become more common, notably in Europe (London,
Amsterdam) and the Middle East (Dubai).