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EPD Lab#8

The document summarizes an experiment on analyzing a half-wave rectifier with and without a filter. The objectives are to study the working principle, observe input/output waveforms, and calculate ripple factor at different loads and capacitive values. Key aspects covered include the circuit diagram, definitions of rectified voltage, filter voltage, and ripple factor. Observations and calculations of ripple factor are shown for the rectifier without and with a filter capacitor added.

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Muhammad Shaheer
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46 views

EPD Lab#8

The document summarizes an experiment on analyzing a half-wave rectifier with and without a filter. The objectives are to study the working principle, observe input/output waveforms, and calculate ripple factor at different loads and capacitive values. Key aspects covered include the circuit diagram, definitions of rectified voltage, filter voltage, and ripple factor. Observations and calculations of ripple factor are shown for the rectifier without and with a filter capacitor added.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Shaheer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronic principles and

devices Lab MTE-205


LAB NO.08

Date: 25/02/2021
Submitted by: Muhammad Shaheer
(19PWMCT0706)

Lab instructor: Engr. Wahad Ur Rahman

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT UET


PESHAWAR

LAB 08: To analyze the half wave rectifier with and without filter
OBEJECTIVE:
 To study the working principle and operational mechanism of half wave recitifier
 To observe the input and output waveform of half wave rectifier with and without filter
 To calculate the ripple factor at different loads resistance
 To calculate the ripple factor at different capacitive value

EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS:

 Oscilloscope
 Variable power supply
 Digital millimeter
 Circuit board
 Function generator
 Variable resistor
 Diode
 Capacitor
 Connecting wires

Half wave rectifier: 


A rectifier is a circuit which converts the Alternating Current (AC) input power into a Direct
Current (DC) output power. The diode in a half wave rectifier circuit passes just one half of
each complete sine wave of the AC supply in order to convert it into a DC supply.

Working:
During each “positive” half cycle of the AC sine wave, the diode is forward biased as the anode
is positive with respect to the cathode resulting in current flowing through the diode.

During each “negative” half cycle of the AC sinusoidal input waveform, the diode is reverse
biased as the anode is negative with respect to the cathode. Therefore, NO current flows through
the diode or circuit. Then in the negative half cycle of the supply, no current flows in the load
resistor as no voltage appears across it so therefore, Vout = 0.
Fig 1: Half wave rectifier circuit

Basic terminologies:

Rectified voltage:
Rectification is the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).A half wave
rectifier is a circuit that only allows positive cycle to flow through the circuitoA full-
wave rectifier is a circuit that converts both half-cycles of the AC voltage waveform to an
unbroken series of voltage pulses of the same polarity. The resulting DC delivered to the load
doesn't “pulsate” as much.

Filter voltage:
In power supplies, capacitors are used to smooth (filter) the pulsating DC output after
rectification so that a nearly constant DC voltage is supplied to the load. Filter capacitors reduce
the amount of ripple voltage to a level that is acceptable. In a filter circuit the capacitor is
charged to the peak of the rectified input voltage during the positive portion of the input.

Regulated voltage:
Voltage regulation in regulated power supplies refers to maintaining the voltage at the desired
level. This is particularly suitable for sensitive connected appliances as regulated
voltage provides a smooth, steady voltage supply.
Ripple factor:
The ripple can be defined as the AC component within the resolved output. ... The definition of
the ripple factor is the ratio of the AC component's RMS value and the DC component's RMS
value within the output of the rectifier.

Fig 2: Voltage after passing different components

Effect of the Barrier Potential on the Half-Wave Rectifier:


The positive half-cycle, the input voltage must overcome the barrier potential before the
diode becomes forward-biased. This results in a half-wave output with a peak value that
is 0.7 V less than the peak value of the input refer below image.

Fig 3: Voltage drop due to potential barrier


Procedure:
First we have to test the diodes by the help of diode tester in the multi meter.

Connect the diode legs such that the black probe is at the cathode and the red is on the anode side
of the diode. The cathode of diode is indicated by a silver strip.

If the multi meter shows reading of 0.7v then the diode is okay.

Connect the circuit in the following configuration

Fig 4: Circuit diagram for half wave rectifier without filter


Fig 5: Ripple factor without filter

Ripple factor of half wave rectifier


The ripple factor is the unwanted ac component remaining while converting ac to dc waveform.
This ac component cannot be removed completely if ac is converted to dc this phenomenon is
known as ripple.

The ripple factor is a quantity that tells us how well the half wave rectifier has converted AC to
DC

The ripple factor is the ratio between Vrms to DC voltage on the output side

The ripple factor is either denoted by γ or r

Ripple factor:
The formula for ripple is:

Vm is given by

Vm=Vrms*2

Vdc=Vm/π
Observations and Calculations:

S. No R Input v Vrms Avg Vdc R.F


ACout
1 1kΩ 5rms 2.467 1.59 1.21
2 2kΩ 10rms 5.196 3.22 1.21
3 5kΩ 15rms 7.96 5.06 1.21
4 20kΩ 20rms 10.6 6.80 1.21
5 25kΩ 30rms 13.23 8.426 1.21

Fig 6: Ripple factor with filter

Observations and Calculations:

S. No Capacito Load Input Output RMS Avg Dc Ripple


r resistance voltage voltage (Vac) voltage factor
(Vdc)
1 330µf 1k 5 120mV 85.6mV 54.1mV 0.0008
2 330µf 2k 5 60.8mV 43.6mV 27.3mV 0.0004
3 330µf 5k 5 24mV 17.3mV 10.8mV 0.00017
4 330µf 10k 5 1.3mV 8.9mV 5mV 0.00008
5 1µf 1k 5 3.39V 2.4v 1.52V 1.22
6 1µf 2k 5 3.25V 2.35V 1.46V 1.21
7 1µf 5k 5 2.81V 1.99V 1.26V 1.21
8 1µf 10k 5 2.1V 1.5V 0.9V 1.23
9 500nF 1k 5 3.3V 2.4V 1.5V 1.20
10 500nF 2k 5 3.46V 2.45V 1.56V 1.21
11 500nF 5k 5 3.2V 2.3V 1.3V 1.21
12 500nF 10k 5 2.8V 2V 1.27V 1.21

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