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S3 Climate Built Form IClass 12

This document discusses climate and building design in tropical regions. It begins by classifying tropical climates into four zones: warm-humid, hot-dry, composite, and upland. It then lists various design considerations for each climate zone, including orientation, openings, building envelopes, roofs, sun shades, activity areas, wind control, vegetation, and building height. Specific examples are provided, such as traditional Kerala houses for warm-humid climates and courtyard houses for hot-dry climates. The document emphasizes designing buildings for tropical climates to passively invite desirable climate elements and provide thermal comfort.

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DHEESHNA DILEEP 200545
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91 views47 pages

S3 Climate Built Form IClass 12

This document discusses climate and building design in tropical regions. It begins by classifying tropical climates into four zones: warm-humid, hot-dry, composite, and upland. It then lists various design considerations for each climate zone, including orientation, openings, building envelopes, roofs, sun shades, activity areas, wind control, vegetation, and building height. Specific examples are provided, such as traditional Kerala houses for warm-humid climates and courtyard houses for hot-dry climates. The document emphasizes designing buildings for tropical climates to passively invite desirable climate elements and provide thermal comfort.

Uploaded by

DHEESHNA DILEEP 200545
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

AS201

CLIMATE AND BUILT FORM-1

Department of Architecture
T.K.M. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOLLAM
August 2020

Name of Professor : Dr. Dili A S


Module V
Climate and Design of Buildings in Tropics:

Classification of Tropical Climates


Characteristics of different climatic zones,

Design considerations for


Warm-Humid, Hot-Dry, Composite and Upland
Climates.

Climate Responsive Design Exercises.


Sun Light Intensity in various Zones
Tropical Climate
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Climatic Zones

Tropical Zone
Dry
Temperate Zone
Continental
Polar Zone
A Tropical
B Dry
C Temperate
D Continental
E Polar
Climatic Zones

Continental Zone

Dry Zone

Dry Zone

Continental Zone
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Major Climatic Zones

There are 4 major climate zones

Tropical Zone (from 0°- 23.5°)

Subtropics (from 23.5°- 40°)

Temperate Zone (from 40°- 60°

Cold Zone (from 60°- 90°)


https://content.meteoblue.com

https://content.meteoblue.com/en/meteoscool/general-climate-zones
Climatic Zones

Subtropics

Subtropics
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Tropical Zone (0°- 23.5°)

In the regions between the equator and the


tropics (equatorial region), the solar radiation
reaches the ground nearly vertically at
noontime during almost the entire year.
Thereby, it is very warm in these regions.
Through high temperatures, more water
evaporates and the air is often moist. The
resulting frequent and dense cloud
cover reduces the effect of solar radiation on
ground temperature.
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Subtropics (23.5°- 40°)

The subtropics receive the highest radiation in


summer, since the Sun's angle at noon is almost
vertical to the Earth, whilst the cloud cover is
relatively thin. These regions receive less
moisture, which increases the effect of radiation.
Therefore, most of the deserts in the world are
situated in this zone. In winter, the radiation in
these regions decreases significantly, and it can
temporarily be very cool and moist.
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Temperate Zone (40°- 60°)

In the temperate zone, the solar radiation arrives


with a smaller angle, and the average
temperatures here are much cooler than in the
subtropics. The seasons and day length differ
significantly in the course of a year. The climate
is characterised by less frequent extremes, a
more regular distribution of the precipitation over
the year and a longer vegetation period -
therefore the name "temperate".
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

Cold Zone (60°- 90°)


The polar areas between 60° latitude and the
poles receive less heat through solar radiation,
since the Sun has a very flat angle toward the
ground. Because of the changes of the Earth
axis angle to the Sun, the day length varies
most in this zone. In the summer, polar days
occur. Vegetation is only possible during a few
months per year and even then it is often less.
The conditions for life in these regions are very
hard.
Characteristics of different Climatic Zones

The characteristics of the climate zones


change with great altitude differences
within a small area, like in mountain areas,
since temperatures decrease rapidly with
altitude, changing the climate compared to
valleys.
Design Considerations for
Warm-Humid, Hot-Dry, Composite and
Upland Climates
Design considerations for
Appropriate Environment Control in Buildings

Objective
The building system should be designed in such a
that, it should provide the required level of thermal
comfort to its occupants (in a passive manner).

Hence the building system should invite the different


elements of climate to its interiors in the required
intensity.
Aspects to be considered

Orientation,
Sizes and Positions of Openings,
Thickness and properties of building envelope,
Design of Roof
Sun Shades
Opening control Devices
Organisation of different Activity Areas
Wind control systems
Vegetation & Water bodies
Height of the building
Aspects to be considered

Orientation
Aspects to be considered

Sizes and Positions of Openings


Aspects to be considered

Thickness and properties of building envelope


Aspects to be considered

Design of Roof
Aspects to be considered

Sun Shades
Aspects to be considered

Sun Shades
Aspects to be considered

Sun Shades
Aspects to be considered

Opening control Devices


Aspects to be considered

Organisation of different Activity Areas


Aspects to be considered
Wind control systems
Aspects to be considered
Vegetation & Water bodies
Aspects to be considered
Height of the building
Design considerations for Warm - Humid Climate
Nature of the climate
The most prominent characteristics of this climate are the hot, sticky
conditions and the continual presence of dampness.
Air temperature remains moderately high, between 21 and 32°C, with
little variation between day and night. It rarely exceeds normal skin
temperature.
Humidity is high during all seasons.
Heavy cloud and water vapour in the air act as a filter to direct solar
radiation. But, this prevents reradiation from the earth at night.
This climate is favourable to the growth of vegetation. The plant cover
of the ground reduces reflected radiation, and lessens the heating up
of the ground surface.
Winds are generally of low speed, variable in speed, but almost
constant in direction
Design considerations for Warm - Humid Climate

We need to Address

Moderate Air Temperature


High Humidity
Moderate Solar Radiation
Heavy Rain
Variable Winds
Design considerations for Warm - Humid Climate
Design considerations for Warm - Humid Climate

Kerala Traditional House


Design considerations for Hot - Dry Climate

We need to Address

High Air Temperature


Low Humidity
High Solar Radiation
Low Rain
Variable Winds
Design considerations for Hot - Dry Climate
Design considerations for Hot - Dry Climate

The thermal system of a small courtyard house


Design considerations for Hot - Dry Climate

The thermal system of a small courtyard house


Design considerations for Hot - Dry Climate

The thermal system of a Large courtyard house


Design considerations for Composite Climate

We need to Address

Varying Air Temperature


Moderate Humidity
High Solar Radiation
Moderate Rain
Variable Winds
Design considerations for Composite Climate
Design considerations for Composite Climate
Design considerations for Composite Climate

A low cost house with


separate day and night rooms
Design considerations for Upland Climate

We need to Address

Low Air Temperature


Low Humidity
Varying Solar Radiation
Moderate Rain
Variable Winds
Design considerations for Upland Climate
A modern House
in a Cold Desert

Black Desert House, Yucca Valley, California


https://vimeo.com/91111958
https://www.dezeen.com/2014/02/16/desert-house-oller-pejic-black-shadow/
https://www.archdaily.com/474086/black-desert-house-oller-and-pejic-architecture
Climate Responsive Design Exercise

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