Forest Production and Management

1. What is the term used in the plantation forest that represent the number of years for it to be
allowed to grow.
a. Financial maturity
b. Cutting cycle
c. Allowable cut
d. Rotation
2. The sustainability of a forest stand can be obtained with reference to a predetermined
relationship between the number of trees per hectare and average tree size. What is the
measure to obtain this?
a. Stocking density
b. Yield index
c. Stand density index
d. Site index
3. What is the value of Php500.00 at the end of 10 years at 5% interest rate?
a. Php390.96
b. Php814.45
c. Php309.96
d. Php841.45
4. What is the difference between the total revenue and total cost?
a. Shadow price
b. Overhead price
c. Market price
d. Profit or net revenue
5. What survey is required that would seek to provide pertinent data and information for
preparation of a forest plantation and development plan?
a. Timber inventory survey
b. Biophysical survey
c. Plantation survey
d. Physiographic survey
6. This is the process of controlling forest production and harvest in order to obtain sustainability.
a. Cut scheduling
b. Cut Allocation
c. Forest Control
d. Forest regulation
7. It is the moisture condition of the soil where all the macro-pores are filled with water.
a. Hydroscopic coefficient
b. Capillary fringe
c. Field capacity
d. Water holding capacity
8. The practice of multiple use forestry in forest lands can be justified by what of the following
circumstance.
a. Multiple use is better than single use
b. Presence of various sectoral concerns
 c. Forest provide multiple benefits
d. All of the choices
9. What is the law that establishes an Environmental Impact Statement System?
a. PD 705
b. PD 1586
c. PD 1559
d. PD 1151
10. Under DAO 99-53, the maximum available area for an Integrated Forest Management
Agreement (IFMA) IS 40,000 hectares. Which of the following area are not available for IFMA
program?
a. Production residual forest
b. Government reforestation project
c. Areas covered by cancelled/expired grazing permit
d. Areas of land subject to CADC/CALC
11. What is the value of five Php2, 000.00 annual payment at the end of the 5th year if the interest
rate is 4.75%?
a. Php25,186.03
b. Php14,250.11
c. Php10,000.50
d. Php10,996.21
12. Pursuant to DAO 2000-63, new rate of forest charges is prescribed. A planted tree is however
exempted charges. Under what circumstances when forest charges or government share is
imposed on planted trees?
a. Planted trees are harvested on a private land
b. Planted trees harvested are in compliance to TLA reforestation activity
c. Planted trees are harvested from ITP
d. Planted trees are harvested from areas with approved land application
13. There are four methods of thinning operation. Which of the following type of thinning involves
the removal of trees from the middle and upper portion of the range of crown and diameter?
a. Low thinning
b. Selection thinning
c. Mechanical thinning
d. Crown thinning
14. This is a roadway having logs, sapling and small poles cross-laid or placed side by side.
a. cableway
b. road corduroy
c. unpaired road
d. skid road
15. Which of the following is not a potential consequence of improper felling operations?
a. Excessive damage to residual trees
b. Low profitability from improper bucked logs
c. Trees should be felled in the direction of canopy gaps
d. Utilization rate are too low
16. The road on the map which measures 5 cm. with a scale of 1:10,000 correspondents to the
ground of about - meters?
 a. 1000
b. 750
c. 500
d. 250
17. The growth of the forest is affected by age, species, site quality, forest density and the
management strategy to be applied by the forest manager. Which of the following factors may
affect site quality?
a. Site index
b. Physical characteristics of the land
c. Historical yield records
d. Vegetative indicators
18. How do you conduct and determine the difference between elite trees and plus trees?
a. Growth characteristics
b. Good crown form
c. cylindrical and straight bowl
d. progeny-testing

19. When there is an intense competition of the planted tree species, which of the following
harvesting/treatment may not correct the competition?
a. Thinning
b. Pruning
c. Improvement cutting
d. Clearing
20. This is a forest protection strategy launched by the DENR which involves the active
participation of different stake holders.
a. Forest Conservation Program
b. Integrated Approach
c. Multi-sectoral Forest Protection Approach
d. Sustainable Forest Management
21. What is the area that has been depleted of its natural forest cover and is predominantly
covered by grasses, herbaceous space or bare soil
a. Inadequately stocked forest
b. Depleted forest
c. Open and denuded land
d. Brush land
22. Seeds which cannot be stored for long period under low temperature are referred to as
a. Intermediate
b. Orthodox
c. Dormant
d. Recalcitrant
23. The harvesting of timber in the dipterocarp forest is regulated based on the principle
of ?
a. Volume control
b. Area and Volume control
c. Area control
 d. Annual Yield
24. Under what section of E.O. 23 that allows tree cutting in the natural and residual forest
provided the area is degraded forest and site preparation is implemented for plantation
development?
a. Section 2(2.1)
b. Section 2(2.2)
c. Section 2(2.4)
d. Section 2(2.3)
25. What is the basis of computing the amount to be levied as forest charges for timber cut in the
forest as prescribed in RA 7161?
a. 10 % of FOB market price
b. 25 % of FOB market price
c. 20 % of FOB market price
d. 15 % of FOB market price
26. What part of the Constitution can you find that all lands of the public domain forest or timber
and other natural resources are owned by the state?
a. Article XII. Sec. 9
b. Article XIII, Sec. 2
c. Article XII. Sec. 1
d. Article XII, Sec. 2
27. What do you call that table which shows the estimated volume of lumber in board feet that can
be derived from logs with given diameter and length under a specified utilization standards?
a. Yield table
b. Yield and equation formula
c. Log rule
d. Volume table
28. A balance between food, cover and animal population is a primary objective of:
a. wildlife management
b. recreation management
c. watershed management
d. timber management
29. Government regulations provide that the maximum gradient of lands allowed for grazing is:
a. 20 percent
b. 18 percent
c. 49 percent
d. 40 percent
30. The arrangement of natural streams on a watershed is referred to as:
a. drainage basin
b. Aspect
c. watershed discharge
d. drainage network
31. When small trees, saplings and vines are removed under the trees canopy, what silvicultural
treatment is being performed?
a. A. cleaning C. Liberation cutting
b. B. Regeneration cutting D. underbrushing
32. A grazing method where livestock are stalled separately from the grazing area and herbage is
cut and carried to the animals for feeding
a. continuous grazing
b. zero grazing
c. rotational grazing
d. none of the choices
33. What is that forestry parlance which governs the wise utilization of the forest resources in order
to obtain its optimal use?
a. Sustainable harvesting
b. Selective logging
c. Forest conservation
d. Selection system
34. The amount by which one photograph includes the same area covered by another, customarily
expressed as a percentage –
a. parallax
b. Overlay
c. Overlap
d. photographic lapse
35. Refers to the accumulated growth of trees in a stand:
a. production
b. Accretion
c. Mortality
d. yield
36. A poisonous weed common in pasture lands is hagonoy or “bungargar”. It’s scientific name is:
a. Amorpopalus campanulatus
b. Agathis alba
c. Chromolaena odorata
d. Paspalum sp.
37. The amount paid to the government by timber licensed holder for the extraction and utilization
of forest products is Forest Charges. What is the legal basis of imposing this levy?
a. EO 263
b. PD 705 as amended
c. RA 6171
d. RA 7160
38. Stewardship certificates are long-term forest occupancy permits issued by the [BFD], under its:
a. Range Management Program
b. Integrated Social Forestry Program
c. Forestation program
d. PROFEM
39. To establish a forest plantation, which of the following factor is not suited in determining
spacing?
a. Site condition
b. Terrain of the area
c. Objective of plantation
d. Growing characteristics of plantation
40. If the chainsaw will be used for the cutting of trees, where will it be registered?
a. DENR
b. Department of Agriculture
c. Department of Local Government
d. Philippine Coconut Authority
41. is a system of cutting made in a stand that has passes the sapling stage to improve the
composition and quality of the forest stand.
a. Buttressing
b. Flanging
c. Girdling
d. Improvement cutting
42. The larger and heavier sediments like sands and gravels that are sliding, rolling or bouncing
along the bottom or bed of a stream is technically called:
a. bedrock
b. Silt
c. bed load
d. solid suspension
43. A method used for wildlife inventory that makes use of a devise in order to capture and take a
certain animal species –
a. rapid visual survey
b. trapping
c. quadrat method
d. shooting
44. A cutting made to remove trees killed or badly injured to utilize sound materials before they
become worthless
a. coppicing
b. salvage cutting
c. Clearcutting
d. selection cutting
45. An instrument used for determining elevation
a. altimeter
b. caliper
c. clinometer
d. abney hand level
46. Soil structure, soil fertility, soil pH, and soil water and drainage are examples of what site
factor?
a. edaphic
b. Environmental
c. biotic
d. climatic
47. Intermediate cultural treatment in even age stand are made to favor leading trees, what are the
reason?
a. All of these
b. Intermediate cultural treatment are quite expensive
 c. Many tree species are incapable of recovering their vigor after they have fallen from the
dominant canopy.
d. The response time lag of the tree are capable of recovering their vigor following
cultural treatment is often prohibited
48. D. Refers to small, fenced grazing lands that may have been improved by reseeding, fertilizing
or irrigation
a. sloping agricultural land
b. Rangeland
c. backyard garden
d. pasture
49. What is the stand of forest where the age difference of the oldest and the youngest trees does
not exceed 30% of the rotation?
a. A. Secondary stand C. Even-aged stand
b. B. Industrial stand D. Uneven-aged stand
50. Point “A” to “B” is along a river following a north-easterly direction with a total distance of 5
kilometer. What is the direct distance between two points “A” to “B” if the measured distance
on the map with scale of 1:50,000 is 8.5 centimeters?
a. A. 5,200 meters C. 5,000 meters
b. B. 4,250 meters D. 4,500 meters
51. What kind of nursery operation is being done when a bare root seedling stocks are placed
temporarily in a moist soil under shade until it is ready for planting?
a. A. heeling-in C. Culling and Grading
b. B. Mud-puddling D. Shading
52. The process of allocating land to specific use or combination of uses is called:
a. land-use planning
b. land use valuation
c. land evaluation
d. land capability
53. The selective logging system specifies that healthy residuals should be:
a. concentrated along the setup boundary
b. located along cableways
c. distributed around the spar tree
d. concentrated around the spar tree
54. One of the following is not a measure of determining the financial or economic value of forest
land and/or forest resources
a. Net present value
b. Internal rate of return
c. Consumer index
d. Benefit-cost ratio
55. Aerial photos are very useful in:
a. land capability surveys
b. wildlife surveys
c. timber inventories
d. streamflow gauging
56. Slope is a basic consideration in land classification. As a rule, the maximum gradient allowable
for alienable and disposable lands is:
a. 15 percent
b. 19 percent
c. 17 percent
d. 10 percent
57. The conservation and proper utilization of natural resources, including watershed areas has
been enshrined in the Philippine Constitution. This policy has been specifically enunciated and
embodied under what law?
a. A. PD 705 C. LOI 1002
b. B. PD 1067 D. LOI 917
58. Under EO 23, Company “A” has an existing timber license and submitted an Integrated
Operation Plan where they programmed 200 hectares for timber harvesting operation in the
adequately stock residual forest with a volume of 80 cu.m. of the 60 cm. dbh and up. What is
the allowable cut of Company “A” the DENR can grant?
a. A. 18, 000 cu.m. C. 16,000 cu.m
b. B. 24, 000 cu.m D. None of it
59. During an improvement cutting of a forest stand, what kind of tree species are removed?
a. Inferior species
b. Overmature species
c. Overtopping trees of undesirable species
d. Crooked leaning or poorly formed trees
60. This is a blue print or guide post that is adopted and implemented in the management of timber
resources in a forest property.
a. Forest Management Plan
b. Timber Management Plan
c. Range Management Plan
d. Watershed Management Plan
61. The allowable cut formula for the residual forest provided in DAO 12 series of 1992 is AAC=
ACA x Vr x f; where ACA= AR/CC; what does Ar mean?
a. Area of second growth forest, excluding areas below 1,000 meter in elevation , 50%
slope and above
b. Area of second growth forest, including areas above 1,000 meter in elevation , 50%
slope and above
c. Area of second growth forest, excluding areas above 1,000 meter in elevation , 50%
slope and above
d. Area of second growth forest, excluding areas below 1,000 meter in elevation , 50%
slope and above
62. The operation of moving logs from the stump of trees to the landing site using a stationary
power is known as -
a. Yarding
b. Snaking
c. Girdling
d. Skidding
63. Cultivated lands are classified either as Annual Perennial, or pasture lands. What long term
crops are produced under perennial cropland?
a. Banana and Abaca
b. Fruits and Rubber Trees
c. Livestock
d. Palm and coffee plantation
64. This is a method of encircling of system with cuts completely severing barks, combining, and
sapwood of a living and standing tree
a. undercut
b. Tapping
c. Girdling
d. Hacking
65. What percent of the total trees in the total trees in the 50 cm dbh diameter class shall be
marked as residuals for Palawan and Region 8?
a. 75% and 60% for Palawan and Region 8
b. 80% and 75% for Palawan and Region 8
c. 80% and 60% for Palawan and Region 8
d. 85% and 50% for Palawan and Region 8
66. What does it refer to a soil expectation value (SEV)
a. Capitalized Net Revenue
b. Amortized Net Revenue
c. Discounted Net Revenue
d. Annualized Net Revenue
67. What is the effect of an increase in interest rate on the length of rotation?
a. Rotation length will approximate the interest value
b. Rotation length will be shorter
c. Rotation length will be longer
d. Rotation length will not be affected
68. What kind of cutting that is used during the development of a forest stand from reproduction
stage to maturity?
a. Felling and bucking
b. Girdling
c. Intermediate cuttings
d. Thinning
69. This is the arrangement of trees which are left standing and so the trees appear.
a. A. Stand table
b. Stock table
c. Stand structure
d. Stand density
70. What are the large, rectangular cages filled with rocks to assist in erosion control in watershed
areas?
a. Gabion
b. Scrub
c. Terraces
d. Gully
71. Which of the following principles directly affect the quality of production in rangeland?
a. Proper distribution of livestock for uniform grazing
b. Proper timing of the use of range resources
c. Proper class of livestock to graze land
d. Proper degree of forage utilization
72. What particular provision of RA 7160 which prescribed the devolution of the forest
management functions from DENR to the LGU (Province)?
a. Sec. 17 (b), (5)
b. Sec 17 (b), 2 (ii)
c. Sec. 17 (b), (4)
d. Sec. 17 (b), (2)
73. In an aerial photography, what is the result when two vertical photographs are taken
successively by a camera along a single flight line?
a. Superimposed photos
b. Overlapped photos
c. Sterio Pair
d. Three-dimension Photos
74. This is the privilege granted by the state to a person to occupy, possess, and undertake any
authorized activity in a forest land of the public domain with a regulated rental.
a. License Agreement
b. Permit
c. License
d. Lease
75. What is the term in stumpage appraisal when the overhead cost, depreciation, and margin for
profit exceeded the estimated gross annual surplus?
a. Positive Appraisal values
b. Negative Stumpage values
c. Positive Stumpage values
d. Negative margin for profit and risk
76. Where does the growth of tree diameter occur?
a. Lateral meristem
b. Shoot Apex
c. Heart Wood
d. Apical meristem
77. Which of the following trees not classified according to crown classes
a. Intermediate
b. Dominant
c. Overtopped
d. Standard
78. What field of forestry which deals with accounting, analyzing of investment, as well as other
monetary aspects of timber production?
a. Forest Mensuration
b. Forest Inventory
c. Forest Finance
d. Forest Economic
79. This is a plus forest stand which is upgraded and opened to the removal of undesirable trees
and cultured for deed production
a. Seed Production Area
b. Tree Plantation
c. Seed Orchard
d. Residual Forest
80. What is that nursery techniques wherein sowing of seeds are timed with intervals in order to
catch up with potting operations?
a. Direct sowing
b. Line Plot sowing
c. Phasing of sowing
d. Interval sowing
81. This activity affects adversely the carrying capacity of the grazing land and that it occurs when
there are too many animals in the area.
a. Overgrazing
b. Improved forage crops
c. Composition of the soil
d. Increased density of species
82. This is the process of converting the present values to future values at a given rate of interest.
a. Banking system
b. Discounting
c. Compounding
d. Financing
83. The purpose of surveying is to determine the relative location of points on or near the surface
of the earth. The location of points is fixed if measurements are made of any of the following
except what?
a. Its direction from one point and distance from another
b. Its bearing and azimuth from a known point
c. Its direction from two known points
d. Its distance from two known points
84. If a 10% inventory will be conducted in a 100 hectare plantation using a 0.1 hectare circular
plot, what is the size of the sampled area?
a. 110.0 hectares
b. 11 hectares
c. 10 hectares
d. 1.0 hectares
85. It is a type of forest originated from seeds.
a. High forest
b. even-aged forest
c. Uneven-aged forest
d. Low forest
86. There are several firms in Valenzuela area. What is the market structure if each of the firm
influences not only the price of the product but also the sales of other firms
a. Barter trade
b. Pure monopoly
 c. Free market
d. Oligopoly
87. It is a yarding accessory used to deviate the mainline to avoid injuring marked residuals.
a. Log guide
b. Rub tree
c. Bull block
d. Flying dutchman
88. The diameter at breast height (DBH) of a given tree is measured at a height of:
a. 1.4 m
b. 1.6 m
c. 1.5 m
d. 1.3 m
89. What is the biggest diameter class to be left as part of the marking goal or residual stocking?
a. 70 cm diameter
b. 50 cm diameter
c. 40 cm diameter
d. 60 cm diameter
90. What do you call that part of the seed which consist of a hypocotyl and a growing tip which will
develop into a root at one end and a bud at the other end?
a. Embryo
b. Cotyledon
c. Sed coat
d. Endosperm
91. It is a silvicultural cutting operation made in the forest stand between the time of its
development and harvest?
a. Sanitation cutting
b. Release cutting
c. Salvage cutting
d. Intermediate cutting
92. What silvicultural system is applied to a pine forest?
a. Seed tree method
b. Coppice
c. Clearcutting
d. Shelterwood
93. What are the factor that greatly affect the volume attained by a plantation stand at any given
age
a. Genetics and cultural species
b. All of these
c. Species composition
d. Stand density
94. The productivity, sustainability, and ecological stability of rangeland is determined through
physical processes. Which of the following relationship is the most applicable in the process?
a. Soil-topography-weather relationship
b. Soil-vegetation-topography relationship
c. Soil-vegetation-climate relationship
 d. Soil-plant-water relationship
95. When conduct thinning operation in a forest plantation, what silvicultural objective is being
satisfied?
a. Control of rotation length
b. Control of species competition
c. Control of stand density
d. Facilitation harvest
96. It is a tree species growing in the stand that deprives adjacent trees of light and growing space
requirements
a. Wolf tree
b. Dominant tree
c. Spar tree
d. Root grafted tree
97. This a watershed whose boundaries include land occurring within at least one but not more
than two provinces whose area ranges from 100-500 square kilometers.
a. Micro watershed
b. Large watershed
c. Medium watershed
d. Small watershed
98. What kind of silvicultural system is applied in a mangrove forest?
a. Shelterwood
b. Clearcut and plant
c. Selective harvesting
d. Seed trees and plant
99. As a forester, you were ask to determine the net scale of log, which of the following is needed
to be deducted from the gross measurement
a. Sawdust
b. Slabs
c. All natural defects
d. Bark
100. What is that science which deals with the application of mathematical principles in
predicting and estimating forest volume and growth
A. Forest growth and yield
B. Forest geometry
C. Forest biometry
D. Timber management