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Q1Week8 Lecture

This document provides an overview of polynomials and solving polynomial equations. It defines polynomials and polynomial equations, discusses determining the roots of polynomial equations and writing polynomial equations given the roots. It also outlines four steps for solving word problems involving polynomials: understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back. Several examples are provided to illustrate solving polynomial equations and word problems related to polynomials.

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Joe deandre PEREYRA
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50 views21 pages

Q1Week8 Lecture

This document provides an overview of polynomials and solving polynomial equations. It defines polynomials and polynomial equations, discusses determining the roots of polynomial equations and writing polynomial equations given the roots. It also outlines four steps for solving word problems involving polynomials: understand the problem, devise a plan, carry out the plan, and look back. Several examples are provided to illustrate solving polynomial equations and word problems related to polynomials.

Uploaded by

Joe deandre PEREYRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic:

Polynomial Equations and Solving


Problems involving Polynomials
and Polynomial Equations
Most Essential Learning Competencies
• Illustrates polynomial equation. (M10AL-Ii-1)
• solves problems involving polynomials and polynomial equations (M10AL- Ij-2)

Objectives
At the end of the session, the learners should be able to:
• define and illustrate polynomial equation;
• determine the roots of polynomial equations;
• find the polynomial equation given its roots;
• solve word problems involving polynomials and polynomial equations.
Polynomials
x −9 = 0

x + 2x − 7 = 0
2

x + 2x −1 = 0
3
Polynomial Equation
A polynomial equation of degree n in one variable x is
an equation that can be written in the form
𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎𝑛−2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 +𝑎1 𝑥+𝑎0 = 0

where 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑎𝑛−1 , 𝑎𝑛−2 , … , 𝑎0 are real numbers.


Examples of Polynomial Equations
x −9 = 0 Linear Equation

x + 2x − 7 = 0
2
Quadratic Equation

x + 2x −1 = 0
3
Cubic Equation
Solving Polynomial Equations
• Solving polynomial equation means finding the value of the
variable that will satisfy the polynomial equation.
• The value of the variable that will satisfy the polynomial
equation is called the root/s of the equation.
Example 1
Complete the table below. (If a root occurs twice, count it twice; if
thrice, count it three times, and so on.

Number
Real Roots of an
Polynomial Equation Degree of Real
Equation
roots

x −8 = 0 1 8 1

(x − 2)(x + 2) = 0 2 2,-2 2

(x + 1) (x − 5) = 0
2
3
-1 as a double
root, 5
3

x( x − 3)( x + 2 )( x + 1) = 0 4 0,3,-2-1 4

)( ) (x − 2 ) = 0
2,-2,
(x 2
−4 x+ 2
3 3
8 − 2 multiplicity 3 8
2 multiplicity 3
CARL FRIEDRICH GAUSS
(1777-1885) German Mathematician
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra

• If P(x) is a polynomial equation of degree n and with real


coefficients then it has at most n real roots.
Rational Roots Theorem
Let 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0 , where
𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 and 𝑎𝑖 is an integer for all 𝑖, 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛, be a
𝑝
polynomial equation of degree n. If , in lowest terms, is a
𝑞
rational root of the equation, then p is a factor of 𝑎0 and q is
a factor of 𝑎𝑛 .
Rational Roots Theorem
Let 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑎0 = 0 , where
𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 and 𝑎1 is an integer for all 𝑖, 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 𝑛, be a
𝑝
polynomial equation of degree n. If 𝑞 , in lowest terms,
is a rational root of the equation, then p is a factor of 𝑎0
and q is a factor of 𝑎𝑛 .
Example 2
Solve the following polynomial equations
3 2
1. 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 𝑥 + 2 = 0
2. 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 29𝑥 + 42 = 0
4 3 2
3. 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 11𝑥 − 6𝑥 = 0
4. 2𝑥 4 + 9𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 4 = 0
Writing the Polynomial
Equations given the Roots
Writing Polynomial Equations given the Roots
We can determine the polynomial equation of degree 𝑛
provided that the 𝑛 roots are given. If 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are roots of
the polynomial equation, then (𝑥 − 𝑎), (𝑥 − 𝑏) and (𝑥 − 𝑐) are
factors of the said equation. We can write the polynomial
equation as 𝑥 − 𝑎 𝑥 − 𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑐 = 0.
Example 3
Form the polynomial equation with integral coefficients
whose only roots are given.
1. 0, 2, -3
2. 1, -1, 4, 4
1
3. , 3, − 3
2
Solving Problems involving
Polynomials and Polynomial
Equations
Four Steps in Problem Solving
1. Understand the Problem
2. Devise a Plan
3. Carry out the plan
4. Look back
Example 4
Solve the following word problems:

Mrs. Garcia wants to bake a personalized decorated cake for her


daughter’s first birthday. She plans to have a rectangular shaped-cake
with a volume of 864 cubic inches. She is thinking of a cake big
enough for their visitors with a width 8 inches more than the thickness
and a length 10 inches more than twice the thickness. What should
the dimensions of the cake pan be?
Example 5
Solve the following word problems:

Jane, Miguel, and Simon are close siblings. Miguel is the youngest of
them all and he is an elementary pupil. Simon is 7 years older than
Miguel while Jane is 5 years more than twice than Miguel. If the
product of their age is 4 250, how young is Miguel?
Example 6
Solve the following word problems:

A ladder, 17 feet long, leans against the wall of a house. The distance
of the top of the ladder from the ground is 49 feet less than the
square of the distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall. How far
is the top of the ladder from the ground?
Example 7
Solve the following word problems:

Moana’s Candy Parlor has assorted candy products


placed in cylindrical jars. Consider the jar at the
right. Its height is 5 inches greater than the radius of
its lid cover. Determine the length of the radius of the
lid and the height of the jar if its volume is 72𝜋 cubic
inches.

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