Mechanical Properties of Fluids 131

CHAPTER
Mechanical Properties
9 of Fluids

1. (d) Weight of submerged part of the block Since height of water column is constant
1 therefore, water inflow rate (Qin)
W = v (Density of water) g ...(i) = water outflow rate
3 Qin = 10–4 m3s–1
Excess weight, = weight of water having
2 Qout = Au = 10–4 × 2gh
volume of the block.
3 \ 10 = 10 ×
–4 –4
20 ´ h
2
W ' = v (Density of water) g ...(ii) 1
3 \h = m = 5 cm
Dividing (ii) by (i), 20
W' 2/3 7. (c) Volume of 8 small droplets = Volume of 1
= big drop
W 1/ 3
\ W ' = 2W Þ W ' = 2 ´ 6 = 12 kg 4 3 4 R
Þ pr ´ 8 = pR 3 Þ r=
2. (b) The maximum force, which the bigger piston 3 3 (8)1 / 3
can bear, m = 3000 kg, F = 3000 × 9.8 N
Work done = (Change in area) × surface tension
Area of piston, A = 425 cm2 = 425 × 10–4 m2
\ Maximum pressure on the bigger piston, = (4pr 2 n - 4pR 2 )T
F 3000 ´9.8 ìï æ R 2 ö ü
P= = = 6.92 × 105 Pa 2ï
A 425´10,4 = í4pç 2 / 3 ÷ ´ 8 - 4pR ýT = 4pR 2 T
ïî çè (8) ÷
ø ïþ
\ The maximum pressure the smaller piston
can bear is 6.92 × 105 Pa. 8. (a) Since, soap film has two free surfaces, so
total length of the film = 2l = 2 × 30 = 60 cm = 0.6
3. (a)
m.
4.
1
2
( 2 2
)
(c) P2 - P1 = r v2 - v1 = 7500 Nm–2 Total force on the slider due to surface tension,
F = S × 2l = S × 0.6 N
rvd 4Q
5. (d) Reynold's no. NR = and V = 2 In equilibrium, F = mg
h d p
1.5´10,2
6. (a) \ S × 0.6 = 1.5 × 10–2 Þ S = = 2.5
0.6
× 10–2 Nm–1
9. (a) Weight of the liquid column = T cosq × 2pr.
Q in
For water q= 0°. Here weight of liquid column
W = 7.5 × 10–4N and T = 6 × 10–2N/m. Then
circumference, 2pr = W/T = 1.25 × 10–2m
10. (b) When the bubble gets detached,
h Bouyant force = force due to surface tension
4 3
2prTsin q = pR rw g
3
Qout
 132 PHYSICS
15. (c) Pressure at interface A must be same from
both the sides to be in equilibrium.

R q
R d2 Rsina
r a

a Rcosa R
Rsina – Rsin a
T(2pr) sinq A
d1
r 4
Þ T´ ´ 2pr = pR 3rw g \ ( R cos a + R sin a )d2 g
R 3
= ( R cos a - R sin a )d1 g
2T 4p R 3
or, (p r 2 ) = rw g d1 cos a + sin a 1 + tan a
R 3T
Þ d = cos a - sin a = 1 - tan a
2
2rw g
Þ r = R2 16. (a) When the ball attains terminal velocity
3T Weight of the ball = Buoyant force + Viscous
11. (a) force
12. (a) As A1v1 = A2v2 (Principle of continuity) Fv B=Vr2 g

or, l 2 2 gh = pr 2 2 g ´ 4h

(Efflux velocity = 2gh )

l2 l2 l
\ r2 =or r = =
W=V r1g
2p 2 p 2p
13. (c) Given,
Density of gold, rG = 19.5 kg/m3 \ V r1 g = V r2 g + kvt2 Þ Vg ( r1 – r2 ) g = kvt2
Density of silver, r5 = 10.5kg/m3
Vg (r1 - r 2 )
Density of liquid, s = 1.5kg/m3 Þ vt =
k
2 r 2 (r - s ) g 17. (d) As liquid 1 floats over liquid 2. The lighter
Terminal velocity, vT =
9h liquid floats over heavier liquid. So, r1 < r2
vT (10.5 - 1.5) 9 Also r3 < r2 because the ball of density r3 does
\ 2
= Þ vT = 0.2 ´ not sink to the bottom of the jar.
0.2 (19.5 - 1.5) 2 18
Also r3 > r1 otherwise the ball would have
\ vT = 0.1 m/s floated in liquid 1. we conclude that
2
14. (d) The volume of liquid flowing through both r1 < r3 < r2.
the tubes i.e., rate of flow of liquid is same. 18. (d) Pressure at interface A must be same from
Therefore, V = V1= V2 both the sides to be in equilibrium.
pP1r14 pP2 r24
i.e., =
8hl1 8hl2
P1r14 P2 r24 R d2 Rsinq
or = q
l1 l2
R
Q P2 = 4 P1 and l2 = l1/4 q Rcosq
Rsina – Rsin q
P1r14 4P1r24 r4 A
= Þ r24 = 1 d1
l1 l1 4 16
r2 = r1 2 \ (R cos q + R sin q)r2 g
Mechanical Properties of Fluids 133

= (R cos q - R sin q)r1g The terminal velocity vf of the ball is attained

when net force on the ball is zero.
d1 cos q + sin q 1 + tan q
Þ d = cos q - sin q = 1 - tan q \ Viscous force 6phr vf = Weff
2
Þ r 1 – r1 tan q = r2 + r2 tan q 2
When the ball acquires rd of its maximum
Þ (r1 + r2) tan q = r1 – r2 3
2
ær –r ö velocity vf the viscous force is = Weff
\ q = tan –1 ç 1 2 ÷ 3
è r1 + r2 ø
2 1
19. (c) Hence net force is Weff - Weff = Weff
20. (a) Weight of cylinder = upthrust due to both 3 3
liquids \ Required acceleration is a/3
æA 3 ö æ A Lö 4T
V ´ D ´ g = ç ´ L÷ ´ d ´ g + ç ´ ÷ ´ 2d ´ g
è5 4 ø è 5 4ø 23. (8) Inside pressure must be
r
æA ö A´ L ´ d ´ g D d greater than outside pressure in bubble.
Þ çè ´ L÷ø ´ D ´ g = Þ =
5 4 5 4
pa
5
\D= d
4 pa
21. (6) Initially, the pressure of air column above
water is P 1 = 10 5 Nm –2 and volume
This excess pressure is provided by charge on
V1 = (500 - H ) A , where A is the area of cross- bubble.
section of the vessel.
Finally, the volume of air column above water is 4T s 2
=
300 A. If P2 is the pressure of air then r 2e 0
200
P2 + rgh = 105 \ P2 + 103 ´ 10 ´ = 105 4T Q2 é Q ù
1000 Þ = ê s= ú
r 2 4
16 p r ´ 2e 0 ë 4 pr 2 û
\ P2 = 9.8 ´ 104 N / m 2
As the temperature remains constant Q = 8pr 2rTe 0

105 ´ (500 - H ) A = (9.8 ´ 10 4 ) ´ 300 A 24. (20) Water fills the tube entirely in gravityless
condition i.e., 20 cm.
Þ H = 206 mm 25. (20) Given, Height of cylinder, h=20 cm
\ The fall of height of water level due to the Acceleration due to gravity, g=10 ms–2
opening of orifice = 206 – 200 = 6 mm Velocity of efflux
22. (3) v = 2gh
vf 2 2
v = W
Where h is the height of the free surface of liquid
3 f 3 eff from th e hole
Þ v= 2 ´10 ´ 20 = 20 m / s
W eff = vf
26. (2)
T 30°
Weff
Weff T cos 30°
When the When the ball attains
ball is released terminal velocity When the ball attains
2/3 of terminal velocity Fe
T sin 30°
When the ball is just released, the net force on
mg
ball is Weff ( = mg - buoyant force)
 134 PHYSICS

Fe = T sin 30° Surface tension,

mg = T cos30° rhrg 15 ´10-5 ´15 ´10-2 ´ 900 ´10
T= =
2 2
Fe = 101 milli newton m–1
Þ tan 30° = ...(1)
mg 28. (0.1) Given: Radius of air bubble,
In liquid, r = 0.1 cm = 10–3 m
Fe ' = T 'sin 30° ...(A) Surface tension of liquid,
S = 0.06 N/m = 6 × 10–2 N/m
mg = FB + T 'cos 30° Density of liquid, r = 103 kg/m3
But FB = Buoyant force Excess pressure inside the bubble,
rexe = 1100 Nm–2
30° Depth of bubble below the liquid surface,
FB T¢ h=?
As we know,
T¢ cos 30°
2s
F¢ e rExcess = hrg +
T¢ sin 30° r
2 ´ 6 ´ 10-2
mg Þ 1100 = h × 103 × 9.8 +
10-3
= V (d - r) g = V (1.6 - 0.8) g = 0.8 Vg Þ 1100 = 9800 h + 120
Þ 9800h = 1100 – 120
m 0.8 mg mg
= 0.8 g= = 980
d 1.6 2 Þ h= = 0.1 m
9800
mg
\ mg = + T ' cos 30°
2 29. (16) (54–x)
mg 54 cm P
Þ = T 'cos 30° ...(B) 8 cm
2 x

2 Fe'
From (A) and (B), tan 30° =
mg
Hg
From (1) and (2)
Fe 2 Fe'
= (2) Length of the air column above mercury in the
mg mg
tube is,
Þ Fe = 2 Fe' P + x = P0
Þ P = (76 – x)
If K be the dielectric constant, then
Þ 8 × A × 76 = (76 – x) × A × (54 – x)
F \ x = 38
Fe' = e
K Thus, length of air column
= 54 – 38 = 16 cm.
2 Fe
\ Fe = Þ K=2 18000
K 30. (10–2 ) h = 10–2 poise; v = 18 km/h = =5
3600
27. (101)
m/s, l = 5 m
Given : Radius of capillary tube,
v
r = 0.015 cm = 15 × 10–5 mm Strain rate =
h = 15 cm = 15 × 10–2 mm l
\ Shearing stress = h × strain rate
2T cos q
Using, h = [cos q = cos0° = 1] -2 5
rgr = 10 ´ = 10–2 Nm–2
5