CASE ANALYSIS:

TYPE 2 DIABETES

JUVIDA,CLARISSA A.
BSN 3B
INTRODUCTION

+Our bodies turn a lot of the food we eat into sugar, called glucose,
which gives us energy. To use glucose as energy, our body needs
insulin, a hormone that helps glucose get into our cells. If you have
diabetes, your body may not make enough insulin, may not use
insulin in the right way, or both. That can cause too much glucose to
stay in the blood, which can cause health problems over time. In Type
2 diabetes, the body does not make or use insulin well. It is the most
common kind of diabetes. It occurs most often in middle-aged and
older adults, but it can also affect children.
BACKGROUND

+The client is an 78 years old currently residing in Sampaloc,

Manila who is diagnosed with Diabetes Type 2. He is
complaining of severe headache and experiencing insomnia
because of high level of blood sugar. Tramadol paracetamol, one
tab 3 times a day for headache and Sitagliptin 100mg, one tab
everyday to control blood sugar levels as prescribed by his
physician. He rated the pain from 8/10 pain scale and described
it as a sharp pain. As of now he is not taking any medicine and
doing self-care independently.
ALTERNATIVES

Alternative treatments for Type 2 Diabetes are:

▪ Insulin Therapy- helps prevent diabetes complications by keeping
your blood sugar within your target range.
▪ Eating healthy foods- Choose foods lower in fat and calories and
higher in fiber. Focus on fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
▪ Avoiding inactivity for long period-Sitting still for long periods can
increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. Try to get up every 30
minutes and move around for at least a few minutes.
▪ Medication- This helps keep our blood sugar level as normal as
possible to prevent health problems.
 Insulin therapy some people who have type 2
diabetes need to take insulin to help control
their blood sugar levels. The goal of taking
insulin is to keep your blood sugar level in a
normal range as much as possible. Keeping
blood sugar in check helps you stay healthy.
PROPOSED Insulin can’t be taken by mouth. It is usually
taken by injection (a shot). It can also be taken
SOLUTION using an insulin pen or an insulin pump.
By making healthy food choices you can bring
your blood glucose into a healthy range and
keep it there. Healthy eating can help you lose
weight or maintain a healthy weight, which can
also improve your blood glucose and reduce
the complications of diabetes, like heart
disease, kidney disease and eye disease.
 Lack of exercise can cause muscle cells to lose
their sensitivity to insulin, which controls
levels of sugar in the blood. Taking
medication like metformin works primarily by
lowering glucose production in the liver and
improving your body's sensitivity to insulin
PROPOSED so that your body uses insulin more
effectively.
SOLUTION The client was prescribed by his physician with
Tramadol paracetamol to relieve his
headache and Sitagliptin to control his blood
sugar.
RECOMMENDATION

The diet should be well Diabetics should limit or

balanced with all four food eliminate the consumption
groups and portioned in of alcohol because it too
moderation. Diabetics need turns to sugar. Smoking is
to eat at regular intervals also an enemy of the Take your medication as
and take their medications Diabetic patient. The prescribed by the physician
as directed. Sugar occurs Diabetic patient should and follow up check up.
naturally in almost every never attempt to adjust
food to some extent. medications to allow for the
Learning what foods are consumption of excess
lower in sugar content takes sugars.
effort and a commitment
 RISK FACTORS

Modifiable Non-modifiable

• Cigarette Smoking • Family history of Type 2 Diabetes

• Low Level of physical activities • Personal history of
• High perceived stress
• BMI

Impaired insulin secretion in pancreas

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Increased glucose Leads to receptor and
production in liver post receptor defects

Insulin resistance to
peripheral tissue
(muscles)

Type 2 Diabetes
 ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUATION
Subjective: Fatigue Goal: Within the Independent: Independent: Goal met:
"Mas nanghihina related to span of nursing -Educate the patient -Health education is important to raise After the
ako ngayon decreased interventions, the about the signs and awareness of the patient on what to timespan of
kaysa dati pag metabolic client will able to: symptoms of fatigue. expect and how to manage symptoms. nursing
feeling ko wala production • Regain interventions:
akong lakas and • The
kumilos gusto ko courage to - It is important that the patient knows to patient
na lang develop -Inform and teach allot enough time for rest to have was able
magpahinga” as vision for your patient the adequate energy to go through daily to regain
verbalized by daily importance of rest. activities. strength
patient activity and and
rest courage to
Objectives: develop
• Lack of -Regular physical activities can help build daily
energy -Encourage exercise more stamina. Expressing emotions can activity
• Blood and verbalization of help relieve the patient. and rest.
sugar level feelings.
NURSING CARE PLAN of 210
mg/dl - Proper nutrition is also vital as the
• Dizziness - Advocate eating nutrients in food provides calories to fuel
nutritional foods. and energize the body.

Dependent: Dependent:
-Take some rest -Rest relieves tension and allows cells to
-Maintain a healthy heal damaged tissue. After being actively
sleeping, eating and employed, the body will experience
resting pattern. exhaustion and muscle soreness if it is
not given enough time to relax.

Collaborative: Collaborative:
Monitor blood sugar Regular blood sugar monitoring is the
level. most important thing you can do to
manage type 2 diabetes. You'll be able to
see what makes your numbers go up or
down, such as eating different foods,
taking your medicine, or being physically
active.
THANK YOU!!