PAST PERFECT TENSE ' » We « 3rd form of verb ‘V3’ » Example: It had been a long time. He She eo, . = You We « 3rd form of verb 'V3' » We « ard form of verb ‘V3’ »Unit €E> Past Continuous 1 was watching TV when the earthquake began, “A. We form the Past Cantinuaue by using wae or wera with the -ing form’ of the verb: 7 ____—~Pasitive _Negative Singular | [/you/he/she/it was working | was not (wasn’t) working | Plural | we/yau/they were working were not (weren't) working Questions 1a /it warking? \ Were we/you/they working? Short answers Yes, [/he/she/ it was , I/he/she/it wasn't Yes, we/you/they were No, we/you/they weren't B, We usa the Past Continuous to talk about a particular moment in the past: 8,00 What were you doing at 8.90 last night? | was watching television. [=| was in the middle of watching TV at 8.30.) We often use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple in the seme sentence: They were cooking dinner wher somebedy knecked at the door, {= They were in the middia of cooking dinner at that mament.) We use the Past Continuaus for the action which was in the middle of happening (they were cooking). We use the Past Simple for the sudden completed actian (somebady knocked), Remember: we cannot use certain verbs in continuous tenses (see Unit 6). G, Use of when and while 4. Sometimes we use when with the Past Simple and we use @ Past Continuous verb in the other part of tha sentence: When { saw him, he was carrying a gun. 2. Somatimes we use when or while with the Pest Continuous: J had an accident when/while | was going to town, 3. Sometimes we use while with two Pest Continuous actions happening at the same time: White | was cooking dianer, my brather wes watching a video. * for the spelling af the -ing form see Unit 7 and Appendix 6.E> Past Continuous | was doing o- 1 @ Read this report and fill the gaps with suitable verbs from the list. Use the -ing form. All these verbs are Past Continuous. cook dream .sat feed have listen repair sit sleep sunbathe watch Lost week, there was an earthquake in. the city. The ground moved and the houses shook. A TV reporter asked the people: "What were you doing when the ecathquake began?” Here are some of the amswers “we'd were eating. junch when our plates fell off the tablet" “1 (2) in the kifchen, My wile (3) in the garden, Then we heard c loud noise!” “We (4)... . on the sofa and we (§) . to a Beethoven CD, Suddenly the music stopped. The house begain to rock!” 16) vmy cat, Suddenly it ran under the table. It was very frightened” Mea qi shower when the house begem to shake. Iran into the street with no clothes onl" DD zacscnrssitnic the roof, Suddenly, the house moved uncer me and I fell off the roof, Now I'm in hospital.” TBD csseteneee ooo HM the DeGTOOM. 1.(10) soosssseceee sseennn tout winning the lottery, Then T woke up very quickly!" Tan .. film about an earthquake. Then the real earthquake began” ‘= 1 b What verb tenses does the reporter use in the question? = 1 ¢ Circle all the Past Simple verbs. "= 2 Look at these situations 1-10. For each one, use the information to write a sentence with when or while. Put the verbs in the Past Continuous or the Past Simple form. 1, 1987-1990: Sue/study/university 1987-1990; Bill/work/the USA. 3 ate st het 2. 7,00-9.30 p.m: Perul/watch TV 8.15pm: Ting/fall down tho stairs 3. dllevening: the chauffeur/play cands q@ill evening: the cook/watch TV 4. 9.00 cm.-midday: the artist/paint ct porbait 11.00 a.m.: crtelegram/artive 5. all moming? the children/study qd moming: the parents/work 6. May-August: Bill /ticvel June: he/meet the President 7.4 p.m. the com/break down 1-5 p.m. Joe/drive to YorkPast Continuous J was doing 8, midnight: dog/begin to howl 1] pm-7 am. Anna/sleep 9, 47.30 p.m. Jill/sit in the garden 7.00 p.m.: she/see a UFO 10. 1996-2020: spaceship/tavel to nother galoxy June 1997: hit an asteroid = 3 Look at the pictures below. Make a sentence for each one using the cues on the next page, Use one verb in the Past Continuous and one verb in the Past Simple. Use when or while to join them,@®) Past Continuous | was doing 1, Anna/have a bath/telephone/ring 2. Philip/change money/Harry/come into/bank 3. The children/play fotball/it/begin torain 4, Tim and Sue/find some money/they/ walk in the forest 8. The prisoner/escape/the guards/play cards 6. The guard/sleep/ Michelle/stea! the diamond 7. Bill/drive te London /nis car/break down" 8. The shork/critack/Nick and Jill/swim 9. Tina/cook/Bill/anive * ta break dou = (for :machine) not to werk, not te. go = 4 Now make a question and answer about each picture, L 2. Philip/Hamry//money: 3, the children/rain //football: 4, Tim and Sue/money/ /torest: Where 5. 6. 7 5. the guards ‘prisoner/ /cards; the guand/Michelle//sleep: ....... Bill fears /Lomdom 0... esses cecenee 8, Nick and Jill/shark//swim: 9. Tine BIll/ /cook: = 5 Continue this interview between the police and Harry: Inspector; What were you doing at 9 pm. on 25th January? Harry: I was drinking with my friends. | didn't rob the bank. Inspector: What were you doing at 9 a.m. on 18th February? Harry: | was playing golf, I didn't steal the diamond. = 6 With your friends, continue this sentence by adding more Past Continuous verbs, Moke the sentence as long as you can. First person: "When I got home, Bill was playing the trumpet.” Second person: “When I got home. Bill was playing the trumpet and Sue was washing her hat...” Third person: “When i got home. Bill... /Sue... /and Jill...”S Unit ep Past Perfect A. We form the Past Perfect by using had ‘with the past participle: Positive | Wrou/ne//she/it/we/you/they had finishod ‘Short forms WVyoushe/she /we/you/theyd finished _| he Negative Wraushe/she/it/we/you/they had noe finished | | - ‘Short farms | (jau/he/she/it/we/you/they hadn't finished | “a ones Had youshe/she/it/we/your/thay finished? | John was ill because Short answers | Yes, | had No, we hadn't } ‘Re BAS Ota, st i oo much chocolate. B. We use the Past Perfect to talk about an action in the past that happenad at-a time before another action in the past: In 1998, John maved co Landon. (then) From 1990 to 1995, he had tived in Dover. {before then) Here are some more examples: (0. Then (main past) |_A\ Before then (far past) Jahn was iil He had eaten toa much chocolate. | Susan arrived late. Her car had broken down. Jwas fate for the appointment, | The doctor had gone home. ) We normally use the Past Perfect if we tell the story like this Tom went home early. He had warked hard. (the story goes back) But we normally use the Past Simple if we tell the story like this: Tom worked hard, Then he went home. (tha story goes forward) (CE) We often use the Past Perfect with: 4. after, although, because, before, until, when, Wa use it far the earlier action: She arrived late because her car had Broken down. After he had seen the doctor, John gat better ‘Susan had phoned her boss before she took her car to the garage. 2. already and never: J arrived at 6 p.m. but Tom had already gone. Susan had never been late befare. 3. for and since: John met his old gifriend in 1998 He had not seen her for five years. (fram 1993 (far past] to 1998 (main pest) or He had net seen her since 1993. D. Remember that the Past Perfect of have is had had or ‘d had. She srrived late because she had had problems starting the car.=1 o-: a) Past Perfect 1 had gone Gloria is over eighty years old, Here are some {mportant dates in her life story: 1918: Gloria was born in Dover 1961; got divorced from William 1924: her father became ill 1963-73: worked as secretary in USA 1928: her father died 1973; rewmed we Scotland 1935: began work as a secretary 1973: lost comtaet with her daughter July 1940+ met William Care 1983; retired from work as secretary July 194): married William: 1984-88: went to Russian classes 1942; her daughter was born 1989-90; spent year in Russia, met Ivan 1942-47; they lived in London 1991: remarried (Ivan, a Russian banker) 1947; moved to Scotland 1998: visited daughter in USA For each Past Simple sentence below, write a second sentence in the Past Perfect. 1, Her father died in 1928 He . hod been il sine. 19.74, tbe ill/sincey 2. She married William Car in 1941 - Genow him/fozy 3, Her daughter was boi in 1942. (be married/tox) 4, The family moved to Scotland in 1947. (live in London/fan §. Gloria and William got divorced in 1941. (be manried/since) 6, She retumed to Scotland in 1973, .. Give in the USA/ton 7. She retired in 1983. (work as a secretary/since) 8, She went to Russia in. 1989. (study Russian/for) 9. She left Russi in eanly 1990. ~» meet Ivan there) 10, She remarried in 1991. sores (be single/since) 21, She saw her daughter again in 1998. (not see/since) Read this story about Tom and Christine and fill the gaps. Tom was very tired beccuse he (1 work) hoi worktd.. hard all day. He fell asleep on the train to his home in Manchester and did not woke up until atter the train (2 rearch) asia Scotland. Tom got off the train in Glasgow. He felt hungry because he 43 not ead since breaktast so he went into a hamburger restaurant. After he FINES) ses his medi, he talked to the waitress. Her name was Christine. He waited until she (6 finish) .. work omd then they went to the cinema. Christine ‘was very shy beccuse she (6 herve) .. Se MOVER oo occsens arboyitiond before: ‘Tom wos very shy because he (7 see) .. never such & beentiful Girl betore. But they agreed to meet again, Tom decided to stary in Glasgow because he (8 fed... in love with Christine, After a-year (9 pass) they got manied, It was lucky that Tom (10 fal -ierm: Bleep on the retin home, wasn't it? ‘Now answer these questions. Use a Past Perfect verb in each answer. 1. Why was Tom tired? Beeause hehod worked bardaliciay......... 2. When did he wake up? 3. Why diel he feel hungry? - 4, When did he talk to the waitress? 5, When did they go to the cinema? ,.....Past Perfect I had gone 6. Why was Christine shy? .... a v7. Why was Tom shy? em . 8. Why did Tom stay in Glasgow? 9. When did they get married? ..... m 4 Answer these questions using short answers. 1, Hod Tom bought a ticket to Glasgow? . No, he hadn't. 2, Had Tom eaten lunch? 3. Had Christine met Tom before? 4. Had Christine been married before? = 5 Look at the pictures below, The people did something at a time in the past. Before that, in the “tar past", they had done something. Write « sentence for each picture. Use after or because to join your sentences. Ai Pe NY@* Past Perfect I had gone Last week Last month opm . Anna/receive o gold medal /win the race. Harry/go to prison /rob the bank The police/arrest Michelle/steal the diamond |. Jill and Nick/ge to hospital ‘the shark/attack i. Bill/get his degree/stucty hard » Rita/lose her job/artive late Tim and Sue/buy a villa/win the lottery |. Shakespeare/write Hamlet/ ' ‘write Romeo and Juliet , Ritay/go te disco/wash her hair 10. Tin/telephone the police/his car/break dewn = 6 Complete these sentences in any way you wish. Use a suitable verb in the Past Perfect. . He went to the disco ater ..he hed hed aionen........ or bebad finshed bis worl... ete, She bought a new car atter Attar Pxoaeen 2 oun Horry and Michelle escaped by car. Asie betore he went to the beach. She celebrated atter The police carested them after soo Pee foistnicuneiuecsie before he travelled to Mexico.PAST CONTINUOUS TENSEPERFECT TENSE To describe an action finished before another past action Describe an action that happened before a specific time in the past To describe cause and effect (combine with Past Simple) To emphasize the result of an activity in the past Richard had gone out when his wife arrived in the office. Christine had never been te an opera before last night. I got stuck in traffic because there had been an accident. Ihad been to London twice by the time | got a job in New York. Gan ==]‘Yesterday, Tfelt ‘A. We form the Past Simple of regular verbs by adding -ed to the basic verb: ! you he/sha/it we you they worked 'B. Spelling: Here sre soma spelling rules for regular verbs: 1. Some verbs already and in-8. To form the Past Simple, add -d, For example: escape + They escaped hope -+ We hoped five - ved rescue > They rescued 2, Some verbs end in consonant +-y, The y changes to i + -ed, For example carry + He carried ery -> He cried hurry - They hurried marry + She married But remember that verbs ending in vowel + -y are regular For example: play -» He played stay + They stayed 3. Some verbs end in consonant + vowel + consonant (a vowel sandwich). Most double the final consonant. For example) cancel» Thay cancelled plan + He planned rob + They robbed stop + We stopped travel > Ne travelled fic + The shoe fcced However there are some exceptions to 3 (see Appendix 1 far more information}: @.g.: happen > happened open -» opened visit > visiced ©. Pronunciation: We pronounce the -ed in different ways, as [tJ, [dl or [id]. See Appendix 5. D. But not all verbs in English are regular in the past. There is a list in Appendix 1. For example: go > he went have + she had E. We use the Past Simple to talk shout the past, We use it to tell a story: Harry and Michelle robbed the bank. inspector Clark followed them. We use it to talk about something which was true in the past: Rome ruled a great empire. My grandfather liked wine, We use it when we are talking sbout a particuler time in the past: One hour ago/Two years ago/Last night/Yesterday/Last manth/in 1882, ! visited the Prasident,== 3 Invent other sentences which use the verbs from exercise 1 in the Past Simple. @P Past Simple (1) I played, he went Complete these sentences by using a suitable verb from the list. Use the Past Simple. Be careful with the spelling. break build cancel garry’ cry die grow happen keep lie open star stare stop study try worry 1. He RONNIE, his sullcoises fo the station. 2. Hitler in 1945, 3, The Romans ............. Staight roads. 4. All week, he... sean @bout the exam, B. SRO ences French and German trom 1994 to 1996.6. He sree smoking last Jonuory. 7. $h@ oo... Rerleg in the accident. 8. The accident a at nine o'clock at night, 9. He coon Very hard to win the competition, 10. The farmer . w@QHONt Potato, 11, SUR soscieriisnineene lot when Tom ................. about his other girlfriend. 12. He i . her love letters inabox under hisbed. 13. They, .. the football mateh because of bad weather 14. The new supermarket ......... cow last week. 15, The film | becutiful young Brazilion actress, 16. The people in the street .. at the famous actor, Read this love story. Thon, put a verb from the list in each gap. Use the Past Simple form. Be careful, all the verbs are irregular. break come drive fall feel fly getmomied give 30 go have leave make meet see send sinks sit’ «ss swim = take «tell, «throw write. Sheila () 1% .. to New York on holidery, She (2) , . ahandsome young American in the hotel, She (3) .......:.--.:. in Jove with him as soon as she (4) him. He (5). her that he was a millionaire, He (6) her flowers, every day and (7)... het @ diamond ring. “I love him = he is kind, inteltigent and honest," she (6) to het family in England. She (9) air ticket out of the window and (10) ........ ee He (1) 2... her to his house in California. They (12)... Qranm every morning and (13). on the beach in the evening as the sun la). +08 the horizon. She (15) very happy except when he (96) ecole QWOY On business trips, Then. one day, the police (17)... ». to the house. Her husband was creriminal. He as) Jose his money trom dishonest business deals. Also. He (19) vu.secneaiene thee other “wives" in other houses, It (20) ... her heart, She (21) sees The house and (22)... dltectly to the aiisport. She (23) .. back to England. Poor Sheila For example: She broke her leg, They concelled the party.A. We use did to form questians in the Past Simple: oS . f Yyou \ Did | he/sha/it | work? \ we/you/they } B. We use did not or didn't (informal) to make the verb neg: in the Past Simple: } you ne/shesit we you they didn’t work = or — did not work C. Short answers to questions are like this: Did you wark yesterday? Yes, | did. or No, | didn’t, Did | leave my bag here? Yes, you did, or No, you didn’t, Did he/she/it hurt you? Yes, he/she/it did. or No, he/she,/it didn'e. Did we buy the ticket? Yes, we did. ‘or No, we didn’. Did they catch the bus? Yes, they did. or No, they didn't. "= 1 Look at the pictures below, The people did this yesterday, Write questions and answers about the people. Here are some cues to help you: buy somenew clothes catchrabbits cookanegg dance-atinight drive hiscar gotoFrance gotolondon haveapicnic play the piano Hide her pony see Titanfe singat the opera swim in the ecean talk {oher friends write some letters 3, Mangeret@®prast Simple (2) Did you go? He didn't study | a i 9. Jim and Sheila ‘ eA | : 2©@) Gee's 12. Jill and Nick@®) Past Simple (2) Did you go? He didn’t study 1. (Anna) How leng/dance How. lona. did Anna donee .,.., She danced ol night, 2. Philip) Whati/cook ... a 3. (Mengaret) What instument/play . 4. (Ben) Where/go re §. MTine) WhO/taIK AG sss 6 7. 8. . (the dog) What/eatch |. Bil) What/do ...... J. Bob) What /do es... 9. (iim and Sheila) What/buy 10. (Mick) Where/sing 11. (Anne) What/do ....... 12, Gill and Nick) What/do 13, (Tim) Where/go 14, Diana) What/see 15. Gue) What/do .. moar we ok Gy 2 a? nd 2 ‘= 2 Now make these sentences negative. Use the short form didn't, Anna stayed at home. Mick sang jazz. Ben travelled by air. The deg caught ¢ Jot of rabbits Bill 1ode his bicycle yesterday. 6, Philip's girlfriend cooked dinner. 7. Digna went to the theatre. 8. Tina visited her friends yesterday. 9. Margaret played the guitar yesterelery. 10. Anne wrote postcards. seer e G&S = 5 took at this story about Peter's visit to Superworld. Superworia 1s «place where the impossible becomes possible! Fill the gaps with a sultable varb from the list. Use the Past Simple tense. answer ask climb cross invent kill kiss land photograph Play receive rescue score solve talk travel yist walle SUPERWORLD Last summer, Peter (1) sous Superworld. In Superworld, he (2)... through the cities of ancient Greece and Egypt, He (3) .. ou to Socrates and Shakespeare and Marie Curie, He (4) ....0.... Cleopatra and (5) «...... . Marlynre > Past Simple (2) Did you go? He didn't study Monroe. He (6) ....... in a-spaceshtp and (7) ..... on the moon. He @). the Pacific Ocecm in @ submarine and (9), Mount Everest in, fan afternoon. He (10) ..seserassee @rdrargon and (11) o.oo. Gr pTINeSss, He 412) .. .. football against Brazil and (13) twelve goals. He (4) coosssoseisne the mystery of Jack the Ripper (a famous nineteenth century murderen). He (15) . ccnew type of computer and (16) . & Nobel Prize, “what did you do in Superworld?” his trends (17) ..... “Everything!” he (18) .... © = 4 Now complete these Past simple questions and short answers. Use verbs trom the list, cross do invent ff land photograph talk travel win Did. Peter Ail... a dragon? Yes, he.did, . the Atlantic? No, Sophia Loren? No, .. . a Nobel Prize? Yes, tn ct space ship? Yes, to Galileo? No. ii ‘a new kind of television? No, ... sete IG oes seeeseseey ON Mars? No, 0.200. ioe eo TOY eens Hl these things? No, he ' == 5 Imagine that you visited Superworld last year. Write about the things that happened. For example: 1 dived fo the bottomof the Indian Goean = 6 Write a short, simple story using regular verbs in the Past Simple. For example: Rob and Tina waked through the park a night. A guninan robbed them They called the police but the man ascoped = 7 What did you/your friends/your family do yesterday/last weels/last month /last year? Write sentences with verbs in the Past Simple. Write some more negative sentences using the Past Simple. Write about your life, For exemple: I cich't enjoy the party lost night My Friends dich’ t want ta go to the einama,o|(Finishedf actions / events in the past } last summer events that happened regularly in the past your examples ow to form e [subject] + 1" form of the verb | We went to Paris last year. My Family and | visited many sights in our last holiday eS didn't (did not) | * | infinitive form of the verb Ihe French dide't speak English that mich, Sometimes we didn t understand them: (BD question words A) yesf0 questions Wo. When did you go? ‘Did he leave? Where. Mhy,, , short answers ta kt Hhe/ she / it was j lastep ao tes, he did are —— you / wef you/ they were stil ce oni XK No, he didn’t,