STEP 4 – ANALYZE THE

SITUATION
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Situation Analysis

Geared towards identifying issues, potentials

and future development needs and spatial
requirements of the city/municipality

Technical assessment
■ based on factual data
Participatory assessment
■ based on the outcome/results
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STEPS

Review current CLUP, PPFP, and relevant national/ sub-national plans

Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

Validate new findings with stakeholders

Determine current and projected needs

Determine land supply and demand

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Review current CLUP, PPFP, and

relevant national/ sub-national
plans
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Review current CLUP, PPFP, and relevant national/ sub-national plans

✖ Review existing CLUP

○ review of existing CLUP shall include its vision,
goals, objectives, outcomes, baseline data and
information, accomplishments and milestones
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Review current CLUP, PPFP, and relevant national/ sub-national plans

✖ Identify the strengths, constraints, challenges and

opportunities
○ This activity can be done through the different
stakeholder groups
○ The recommended tool for this process is the
SWOT analysis.
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Review current CLUP, PPFP, and relevant national/ sub-national plans

✖ Review current Provincial Physical Framework Plan

priorities and agenda
○ Present and review the current Provincial Physical
Framework Plan
○ the TWGs and LDC should assess and evaluate the
LGU’s possible role and contribution
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Review current CLUP, PPFP, and relevant national/ sub-national plans

✖ Review relevant national/sub-national management

plans and CLUPs of neighboring/adjacent LGUs and
other relevant plans
○ Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan
(ADSDPP)
○ Protected Area Management Plans (PAMP)
○ Water and Air Quality Management Plan
○ Infrastructure Plans
○ Forest Land Use Plan (FLUP)
○ Coastal Resource Management Plan (CRMP), etc.)
○ Existing CLUPs of neighboring/adjacent LGUs
○ Barangay development plans
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Update situation analysis and

conduct new assessments
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Conduct sectoral studies
○ It involves updating of the existing demographic and socio-
economic data
○ Sectoral assessment covers the following:
■ Demography
■ Social
■ Economic
■ Infrastructure
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Conduct key natural/physical /biodiversity/environmental
assessments
○ Collect data/map requirements
■ Geographical, Administrative/Political Profile
■ Natural and Physical Characteristics
■ Existing Land Use
■ Land Classification Map
■ Environmental Condition
■ Other Land Related Data
■ Key Biodiversity Conservation Areas and Zones
■ Infrastructure Map
■ Institutional and Social Facilities Map
■ Settlements Map
■ Mineral Map, if any
■ Tourism areas map
■ Coastal area assessment
■ Hazard Information
○ Prepare base map
○ Conduct actual land use survey
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Sample Maps
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Process and analyze data gathered
○ Plot/Delineate in the working base map all data/information on
physical attributes
○ Prepare the existing land use map including water uses based on
the information from the base map and the gathered land use
data
○ Quantify and determine the extent of distribution of each land use
category and present in a tabular form
○ Establish the relationship of each data with other relevant data
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Discuss the existing situation of the city/ municipality
○ Geographical, Administrative and Political Domain
○ Natural and Physical Characteristics
○ Existing Land Uses
○ Existing Uses of Coastal and Marine Areas
○ Environmental Condition
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Establish the significant historical land use trends
○ Trace historical land use from as far back as existing records
○ Presentation shall be in chronological order, from the earliest
time to the present
○ Identify the major land use activities and their location
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Determine areas that need to be conserved and preserved, and areas
with physical constraints
○ Natural risks and hazard areas
○ Historical areas
○ Key biodiversity areas
○ Ancestral domain claims
○ Etc.

○ Conduct a cross-sectoral analysis and integration of the results of

the demographic and the socio-economic and environmental
studies/ecosystems and special area studies to derive the most
pressing and significant problems and issues
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Determine and rank the priority issues and problems
○ Urgency of problem
○ Seriousness of the problem
○ Extent/magnitude of population directly or indirectly affected
○ Impact of problem on the strengths, potentials, and opportunities
of the city/ municipality and or other localities
○ Other applicable criteria
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Update situation analysis and conduct new assessments

✖ Determine possible interventions
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Validate new findings with stakeholders

✖ involves validation of baseline data/information,
findings, results, issues and
challenges/gaps/limitations
✖ Data collected shall be integrated and presented into a
series of maps representing each areas/sector analyzed
✖ Identify and delineate major watershed/sub-
watershed traversing the LGU jurisdiction
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Determine current and projected needs

✖ These include key baseline CLUP indicators and
database resources and land requirements and
demands
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Determine land supply and demand

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Determine land supply and demand

✖ Determine the available land supply for
development/future expansion areas
○ should be conducted after establishing the baseline
information
○ Land Supply for development/future development
areas = TLA -(PCA+UA+SLU)
■ TLA = Total Land Area of the city/municipality
■ PCA = Protection/Preservation and Conservation Areas (Refer to
identified development constraints and quantified areas)
■ UA = Urban Use Areas are the built-up areas or those areas with urban
activities/land uses
■ SLU = Special Land Uses that are significant and unique to the city/
municipality, e.g. agro-industrial, tourism areas designated for
projects in the pipeline
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Determine land supply and demand

✖ Estimate the total land area required or needed for urban
development and other special planning areas
○ This may be the total land requirements determined in
the sectoral studies or derived through various methods
as follows
■ Use of various national agency standards •
■ Land for future expansion of urban and other uses is
projected on the basis of the given standard area/space
requirement per sector multiplied by the population growth
index.
○ Current urban density
■ This approach assumes that future land allocation for urban
use shall be based on existing urban density regardless of
the growth in urban population
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Developing and Identifying Ranking and Scalar for Rating Progress

✖ Using a 5-scale system

○ 1-to-5 levels, to represent the least to best or most
desirable-to-least desirable levels or vice versa,
depending on the agreed representation of each scale by
the LGU or local stakeholder
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SWOT Analysis Technique

✖ a method that enables a planner to generate feasible

alternative strategies for the LGU through an
assessment of the present conditions, characteristics,
and current state and utilization of the LGU’s
natural/physical, human and fiscal resources

✖ an important strategy-formulation matching tool that

results in the development of four types of strategies
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SWOT Analysis Technique

✖ How is SWOT Analysis Done?

○ done through a workshop with the participation of
the local officials and the various representatives
of the different sectors of the LGU and key
stakeholders
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Methods of Land Use Survey

✖ Foot survey
○ Area inspection is done on foot (walking).
○ high-density areas
■ Step 1. Determine pace factor
■ Step 2. Note down the exact use of land areas and structures
on them
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Methods of Land Use Survey

✖ Windshield survey
○ done while riding a vehicle
○ low density areas
■ Step 1. Set odometer reading to zero
■ Step 2. Use a compass to ensure correct orientation
on the working map
■ Step 3. Note changes in land uses leading for
instance, in area expansion
■ Step 4 Transfer the survey findings on the base map
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Methods of Land Use Survey

✖ Global Positioning System (GPS) survey:

○ Step 1. Familiarize yourself with the GPS
receiver being used.
○ Step 2 Proceed to the points of observation
and get the GPS reading
○ Step 3 Transfer readings on a base map by
either manual plotting or by uploading the
data from the GPS to a computer
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Inter-Cross Sectoral Analysis Technique

✖ provide for an opportunity for the stakeholders to

discuss issues/concerns and opportunities that directly
or indirectly affect their respective sectors as well as in
identifying possible solutions and policy options
✖ The purpose of these meetings is for the individual
sectoral committees to identify and analyze
development issues and opportunities peculiar to their
own sectors
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Sieve Mapping Techniques and Suitability Analysis

✖ Suitability Analysis
○ The first thing to be done is to formulate criteria for
suitable development area
○ By carrying out sieve analysis, you can locate the areas
where there are physical constraints on the use of lands
for urban purposes
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Sieve Mapping Techniques and Suitability Analysis

✖ The binary method can

be easily applied by
sieve mapping. From
each aspect map,
overlays are made with
the unsuitable areas
painted a dark color.
Then all map layers are
put together (overlaid)
on a light table where
only the suitable areas
will light up
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Sieve Mapping Techniques and Suitability Analysis

✖ Incorporating Climate Change and Disaster Risk

Considerations
○ not all areas with some level of risk necessarily
have to be avoided when it comes to development
○ In the planning process, areas with manageable
risk should be differentiated from areas of high
and difficult-to manage risk
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Sieve Mapping Techniques and Suitability Analysis

✖ Determining land use trends/growth

patterns
○ Land use trends/ growth patterns should be
analyzed to determine areas for priority action
such as areas with land use conflicts
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Thanks!