Write your name here Co ‘Other names a Centre Number Candidate Number Pearson Edexcel ) International Advanced Level Physics International Advanced Level Unit 4: Further Mechanics, Fields and Particles Sample Assessment Materials for first teaching September 2018 | Paper Reference Time: 1 hour 45 minutes WPH14/01 ‘You must have: Total Marks Scientific calculator, Ruler Instructions © Use black ink or black ball-point pen. the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. © Answer all questions. © Answer the questions in the spaces provided ~ there may be more space than you need. © Show all your working out in calculations and include units where appropriate. Information © The total mark for this paper is 90. © The marks for each question are shown in brackets — use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. © In questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability to structure your answer logically showing how the points that you make are related or follow on from each other where appropriate. Advice © Read each question carefully before you start to answer it © Try to answer every question © Check your answers if you have time at the end Turn over lll (© Pearenn ssscssn fl1 SECTION A Answer ALL questions. For questions 1-10 select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box X. If you change your mind, put a line through the box 38 and then mark your new answer with a cross X. A current-carrying conductor of length 15cm is placed in, and perpendicular to, a magnetic field of magnetic flux density 0.065T. The current through the conductor is 250mA. Which of the following is the force on the conductor, in newton, due to the magnetic field? OA 0,065 x 250 x 15 OB 0.065 x 0.25 x 15 OC 0.065 x 250 x 0.15 OD 0.065 x 0.25 x 0.15 (Total for Question 1 = 1 mark) 's0 is a stable isotope of oxygen. Which row of the table correctly shows the number of neutrons and the number of protons in a nucleus of "0? Number of neutrons | Number of protons Ga 8 10 os 9 9 ae 10 8 Op 18 8 (Total for Question 2 = 1 mark) Which of the following is not a vector quantity? GA angular velocity Cl B lectric field strength OD C impulse GD magnetic flux density (Total for Question 3 = 1 mark) WAU SIHLNIGHEM ION OG VAUY SIHLNI FLINM LON OG Wav SIH NEAL LON OG:DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA 00 NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA: 4 Which of the following correctly expresses the unit of magn OA Astkg? OB kga" OC kgs OD NA'm' flux density in SI base units? (Total for Question 4 = 1 mark) Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following situation. A toy bird is moving around in a horizontal circle on the end of a piece of string, 5 Which of the following changes would cause a decrease in the te nin the string? (A increasing the angular velocity of the toy bird [5 B_ increasing the mass of the toy bird [5 C increasing the period of rotation of the toy bird [1 D increasing the speed of the toy bird (Total for Question 5 = 1 mark) 6 The toy bird makes 15 full revolutions in 7s. Which of the following gives the angular velocity of the toy bird in rads-"? oA Bee os pn ac Op vat (Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)A ball with momentum p collides with a wall at an angle @ and bounces off with the same speed at the same angle. The collision takes time View from above (Total for Question 7 = 1 mark) A proton p and an electron e, with the same velocity, enter a magnetic field that is perpendicular to the direction of their motion. The field acts out of the page. Which of the following diagrams best represents the motion of the particles? \r of \i of (Total for Question 8 = 1 mark) Wad¥ SIH NIGLIUM 10N OG Wav SIAL NI 3UNM LON OG Wav SIH NIL LONOn:Questions 9 and 10 refer to the following situation. A point positive charge +@ and a point negative charge —@ are separated by a distance r. < S| The magnitude of the force between the charges is F. = 2 | 9 Which of the following diagrams shows the electric field pattern? = = E = = = S 2 oa os _ 3 8 ac i) — a (Total for Question 9 = 1 mark) a Q = | 10 The size of each charge is decreased to 5 and the separation is decreased to i = = What is the magnitude of the force between these charges? & € FE = Oa 7 — 3 F 2 OB > — 8 2 Oc 2 _ Op 4F — (Total for Question 10 = 1 mark) TOTAL FOR SECTION A= 10 MARKS 00 NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA:SECTION B Answer ALL questions. 11 Determine the electric field strength due to a point charge of -37nC, at a distance of 5.5em from the point charge. ‘WAV SIHL NI aLNM LON 0G Magnitude of electric field strength = Direction of electric field SHIM ION OG (Total for Question 11 = 3 marks) 12. The table shows the six flavours of quarks and their charges. Quark Chargele oe ‘ F 3 u © 5 1 d b -5 . 3 Explain why all mesons have charge +e, 0 or ~e. 3 S Zz ie ‘Wauv ani Ni aa (Total for Question 12 = 4 marks)| 13 Car A was travelling eastwards and car B was travelling northwards. The two cars | collided and moved off together in the direction shown. The diagram is not to scale. North (a) Affer the collision the cars travelled a distance of 11m together. The constant deceleration for the cars was 2.4ms™, ‘Show that the initial speed of the cars together after the collision was about 7ms". Q)(b) Each driver claimed that the other driver was speeding. The speed limit for car A was 30 km/h (8.3ms") and the speed limit for car B was SOkm/h (13.9ms”). Calculate the speed of each car before the collision to determine whether either car ‘was speeding before the collision, mass of car A= 1100kg mass of car B = 1400kg. Oo} Speed of car A= Speed of car B = Conclusion (Total for Question 13 = 8 marks) g =z g i a 2 : : 3DONOTWRITEINTHIS AREA 14 Particle tracks in detectors can be used to determine the distance travelled by particles between creation and decay. One type of particle, with a known average lifetime, travels an average distance x between creation and decay when its speed is v. (a) Sketch a graph on the axes below to show how x varies with v, until v approaches the speed of light. Q) 0 05 1.0 1s 2.0 25 3.0 vix 10%ms (b) Explain the shape of the graph. 8) (Total for Question 14 = 5 marks)15. Black holes have such high gravitational field strength that nothing, including light, can escape from within them, thas been suggested that black holes can lose mass over time. Energy from a black hole allows the production of a particle-antiparticle pair outside the black hole. The two particles move off in opposite directions. One particle falls into the black hole and the other escapes. Therefore the energy of the escaping particle is lost by the black hole (a) The particles created are a muon and an anti-muon, each with mass 106MeV/e?. Calculate the minimum mass, in kg, lost by the black hole. Minimum mass = kg (b) Explain why the mass calculated in (a) is a minimum value. (Total for Question 15 = 5 marks) Wad¥ SIH NIGLIUM 10N OG ‘WAV SIHL NI aLNM LON 0G WAU SIME NT ALUM LON OGDO NOT WRITEIN THIS AREA DO NOTWRITEIN THIS AREA . 2 oa PS & is & Es 3 2 16 Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiments led to the conclusion that an atom is, mostly empty space and contains a massive charged nucleus. An alpha particle of energy 7.7 MeV is moving along a path directly towards a gold nucleus. Determine whether the closest distance of the alpha particle to the centre of the nucleus is consistent with this conclusion. 6 10", +719e diameter of gold atom = charge on a gold nucleus (Total for Question 16 = 5 marks)17 The diagram shows an electron deflection tube that includes an electron gun and two parallel plates. +550V 6Vd.cr owel, plates I electron gun filament ov (a) The electron gun consists of a hot metal filament and a positively charged anode, Describe how this produces a beam of electrons. @) VS8Y SIHLNISLIBM LON OG ‘WAV SIHL NI aLNM LON 0G Sav SHiNi aN ONSDO NOT WRITEIN THIS AREA DO NOTWRITEIN THIS AREA & @ B & & a S “é a o (b) A potential difference of 550V is applied across the parallel plates to create a uniform electric field between them. The beam of electrons is deflected upwards by this electric field. The vertical separation of the plates is 5.0em and the beam enters horizontally halfway between them. The initial speed of the electrons in the beam as they enter the space between the plates is 2.7 x 10°ms“, length of plate = 10cm (i) Determine whether the beam will hit the top plate. (6)(ii) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of an electron moving at a speed of 2.7 x 10'ms". Wavelength = (Total for Question 17 = 10 marks) 18 Neutrons in a nucleus are stable. However, free neutrons decay with a mean lifetime of about 15 minutes. The decay of a neutron is given by noptety, (a) Describe how three conservation laws apply to this decay. (6) Law I: Law 2: Law 3: ‘WAV SIHL NI aLNM LON 0GDO NOT WRITEIN THIS AREA DONOTWRITEIN THIS AREA 5 & & & 3 2 8 (b) A stationary free neutron decays. It may be assumed that only the electron has significant kinetic energy after the decay. The table gives the mass of the particles involved in the decay. The mass of the neutrino may be considered to be negligible. Mass / MeV/c? Neutron, 939.5656 Proton 938.2723 Flectron 0.5110 Determine the momentum of the electron. “ Momentum = (Total for Question 18 = 10 marks)19 The European Laboratory for Particle Physies is operated by CERN and contains the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Protons go through a number of stages in different accelerators before they enter the LHC. The first stage is a linear accelerator (linac), *(a) The photographs show the drift tubes at the beginning and at the end of a linac. The beam of protons travels from left to right. drift tubes at the drift tubes at the beginning of the linac end of the linac —_____ > direction of travel of proton beam Explain why the drift tubes and the gaps between them increase in size along the length of the linac. WAU SIHLNIGHEM ION OG VAUY SIHLNI FLINM LON OG Wav SIH NEAL LON OG:DO NOT WRITEIN THIS AREA DO NOTWRITEIN THIS AREA & @ B & & a S “é a o (b) The LHC has a number of straight sections with curved sections between them. The curved path of protons is maintained by a strong magnetic field. The radius of the curved path is given by r= p/BQ. (i) Derive the equation r = p/BQ. @) (ii) Protons of energy 6.5 TeV move along a curved path of radius 2800m. At these energies, particle energy £ = pe where c is the speed of light. Calculate the magnetic flux density required. G) Magnetic flux density = (Total for Question 19 = 12 marks)20 A flash bulb for a camera must transfer a lot of energy in a very short time, This requires a higher potential difference (p.d.) than can be provided by a 1.5 cell. A capacitor is used that can be charged to a p.d. over 300V. The diagram represents a simplified circuit for a camera flash unit. gt ot) Per converter, v transformer Direct current from the cell is converted to alternating current by this converter. The transformer increases the p.d. and the capacitor is charged. When the flash is required, the capacitor is connected in series with the bulb, which then flashes briefly. (a) The transformer consists of two coils wound around a common iron core. One coil is connected in series with the converter. The second coil is connected to the capacitor circuit. (i) Explain how this arrangement creates a current in the capacitor charging circuit. (4) Wad¥ SIH NIGLIUM 10N OG ‘WAV SIHL NI aLNM LON 0G Wav SIH NIL LONOn:(ii) Explain why the diode must be included in this cireuit, (2) < $ 2 = a & 2 ES s (b) The capacitor is charged until the p.d. across it reaches 330 V, s (i) Calculate the charge on the capacitor when the p.d. reaches 330V. oe capacitance of capacitor = 180 uF Q) a = Charge = g aan = (ii) Calculate the energy stored by the capacitor. 2 Q) Energy = IN THIS AREA” ORE aw paeconns(iii) The graph shows how the p.d. across the capacitor varies with time as the capacitor discharges. 350 300 250 200 pa/V 150 a 2 Z : & 100 50 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 time/ 10s, 1. Calculate the initial current in the capacitor circuit as the capacitor discharges. Co) Initial current =INTHIS AREA DO NOT WRITEIN THIS AREA 2. Determine the time taken for the energy stored on the capacitor to reduce by 80%, cy Time taken = (Total for Question 20 = 18 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 80 MARKS, TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS"DO NOT WRITE INTHIS AREA a Z & =“ Zz = a a