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7 Experiment No. 7 Alcohols Part A - Answer Sheet

The document describes the results of experiments performed on different alcohols including ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol. Key findings include: 1) Ethyl alcohol reacted fastest with Na metal, forming bubbles, while the other alcohols showed no reaction. 2) Ethyl alcohol was easily oxidized by chromic acid and potassium permanganate, isopropyl alcohol was oxidizable, and t-butyl alcohol resisted oxidation. 3) The Lucas test could be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on whether the mixture turns hazy. 4) 95% ethanol contains mostly ethanol and small

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Maej Oraga
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81 views5 pages

7 Experiment No. 7 Alcohols Part A - Answer Sheet

The document describes the results of experiments performed on different alcohols including ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol. Key findings include: 1) Ethyl alcohol reacted fastest with Na metal, forming bubbles, while the other alcohols showed no reaction. 2) Ethyl alcohol was easily oxidized by chromic acid and potassium permanganate, isopropyl alcohol was oxidizable, and t-butyl alcohol resisted oxidation. 3) The Lucas test could be used to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on whether the mixture turns hazy. 4) 95% ethanol contains mostly ethanol and small

Uploaded by

Maej Oraga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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25

Experiment No. 7
Part A. ALCOHOLS

Name:_Maej Marie Oraga__________________ Date Performed:_16/03/2022________


Section: _BSN - A______________________ Date Submitted: __18/03/2022_____

IV. Data and Observations


Table 1. Reaction with Na metal
SAMPLE OBSERVATION
The NA metal appeared to be forming tiny bubbles when submerged in ethyl
Ethyl alcohol
alcohol and later on, dissolved completely.
The NA metal appeared to be in the same form and color when submerged in
Isopropyl alcohol
the Isopropyl alcohol with no bubbles forming.
The NA metal appeared to be in the same form and color when submerged in
t-Butyl alcohol
the Isopropyl alcohol with no bubbles forming.
Write chemical equations below:

Table 2a. Oxidation with chromic acid (K2Cr2O7 in H2SO4)


Description of the reagent _Is in liquid form and is clear and transparent_________
SAMPLE OBSERVATION
Before submerging in water bath, liquid sample was orange in color but after
Ethyl alcohol
getting it out of the water batch, it turned dark green in color
Before submerging in water bath, liquid sample was orange in color but after
Isopropyl alcohol
getting it out of the water batch, it turned blue in color.
Liquid sample remained orange in color before and after submerging it in
t-Butyl alcohol
water bath.
Chemical equations:
26

Table 2b. Oxidation with Potassium permanganate.


Description of reagent: _Is in liquid form and is purple in color_____________________
SAMPLE OBSERVATION
Liquid sample turned a mix of pink and purple in color.
Ethyl alcohol
Liquid sample turned a brown reddish in color.
Isopropyl alcohol
Liquid sample turned a bright violet in color.
t-Butyl alcohol
Chemical equations:

Table 3. Lucas Test (Formation of Alkyl Halides)


SAMPLE OBSERVATION
Liquid sample appeared the same after 5 minutes, clear and transparent.
Ethyl alcohol
Liquid sample appeared the same after 5 minutes, clear and transparent.
Isopropyl alcohol
Liquid sample appeared to be cloudy and hazy after 5 minutes.
t-Butyl alcohol
Chemical equations:
27

Table 4. Iodoform Test


SAMPLE OBSERVATION
After the mixture with the NaOH, the sample (mixed with iodine) turned clear
Ethyl alcohol
and colorless.
After the mixture with the NaOH, the sample (mixed with iodine) turned white
Isopropyl alcohol
and cloudy.
After the mixture with the NaOH, the sample (mixed with iodine) turned clear
t-Butyl alcohol
but with a faint hint of yellow
Chemical equations:

Table 5. Combustion
SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS(flame, color, sootiness)
Produced blue-colored flame during combustion and there was no presence of
95% ethanol
sootiness.
Produced blue-colored flame as well but flame seemed to be smaller than that of
45% ethanol
95% ethanol. There was more presence of sootiness in this sample as well.

Table 6. Test for Methanol


SAMPLE OBSERVATIONS
After the processed steps, the sample contained tiny bits of soot left from the
heated copper spiral. It can also be clearly observed that after mixing H2SO4 with
methanol the sample, a layer with the acid can be clearly identified. Layer was brownish yellow
and the other layer was clear and colorless.

Table 7. Solubility in Water


SAMPLE OBSERVATION
It can be observed that sample was soluble in water.
Ethyl alcohol
It can be observed that sample was soluble in water.
Isopropyl alcohol
It can be observed that sample was soluble in water.
t-Butyl alcohol
28

Table 8. Contraction in Volume


volume of water: ___25 ml__________________________

volume of ethanol used: ___25.0 ml________________________

expected total volume of solution: ___50ml__________________________

actual volume of solution: ____49ml________________________

V. Questions
1. Explain in the differences in the rates of reaction of the three types of alcohols with Na metal.

Based on what was seen on the video, the NA metal’s reaction was faster in ethyl alcohol in comparison
to the other sample as moments after its submersion, bubbles were instantly observed and it also
dissolved awhile after. The decrease in acidity of the alcohols accounts for the differences in reaction
rates of the three types of alcohols with Na metal. Although it took quite of time for ethyl alcohol to
react, it is still a quick reactant in comparison to the others. Isopropyl alcohol and t- butyl alcohol, which
are more sluggish than ethyl alcohol, will likely not fully react without heating.

2. Based on the results of the oxidation tests, classify the alcohols tested according to the following
categories. (easily oxidizable, oxidizable, resistant to oxidation)

Based on the results of the oxidation tests, ethyl alcohols are easily oxidizable, isopropyl alcohols are
oxidizable and t-butyl alcohol is resistant to oxidation. This is based on what can be seen in the oxidation
test with chromatic acid wherein t-butyl did not change in color and remained as orange.

3. Suggest a simple chemical test that will differentiate between the following pairs. Specify the reagents
and the expected results.
a) a 1o alcohol and a 3o alcohol

Chemical Test: Lucas Test


Reagent: ZnCL2 and HCL
Expected results: Hazy sample of the mixture

b) a 2o alcohol and a 3o alcohol

Chemical Test: Lucas Test


Reagent: ZnCL2 and HCL
Expected results: Hazy sample of the mixture

c) t-butyl alcohol and s-butyl alcohol

Chemical Test: Lucas Test


Reagent: ZnCL2 and HCL
Expected results: Hazy sample of the mixture
29

4. What are the compositions of 95% ethanol and 45% ethanol?

95% Ethyl alcohol


- has 90.48% ethyl alcohol, 5% of methyl alcohol and 5% water.
45% Ethyl alcohol
- 45% ethyl alcohol, 55% percent water

5. Account for the volume contraction when alcohol and water were mixed.

49.9 ml

6. Explain why smaller alcohols are soluble in water. Would alcohols having longer alkyl groups be
completely soluble in water?

Lower alcohols are more soluble in water than higher alcohols. With the increase in the molar mass,
solubility decreases. In alcohols, −OH group is polar and forms hydrogen bonds with water. This makes
alcohol water soluble.

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