2020/2021 Semester II

Title of Experiment : Resistance and Power

Date of Experiment : Week 13

Lecturer’s Name : Ts. Dr. Norazlianie Binti Sazali

Section :2

Group Number :2

Group of Member :5

Name ID
1. Shirey Wong Ling Ling KH20033
2. Muhammad Nabil Farhaan Bin Zulkipeli KH20024
3. Muhammad Nur Zuhaiqal Bin Mohd Safri KH20030
4. Nur Farzana Binti Yusuf KH20031
5. Rathashine A/P Sugumaran KH20026

Marks :

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND PROCESS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

Tear here
Please keep for student reference.

Submitted by; Received by;

(Shirey Wong Ling Ling)

(Ts. Dr. Norazlianie Binti Sazali )

Subject Code : BTK2233 Electrical Technology in Chemical Industry Date Submitted: 8 June 2021

Title of Experiment: Resistance and Power

0
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ 1

2.0 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 2

3.0 RESULT .............................................................................................................. 4

4.0 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 7

5.0 CONCLUSION................................................................................................... 8

6.0 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 9

i
1.0 ABSTRACT
The most fundamental equation in electric circuit analysis is Ohm's law. It asserts that the
quantity of electric current flowing in a circuit is proportional to the voltage applied to it and
inversely proportional to its resistance. In this experiment, there were several objectives which is
to learn constructing a circuit based on the given diagram, determining the power dissipation of
the circuit and to verify and comparing the predictions result with the result from digital multimeter
(DMM). In experiment 1, a circuit was constructed and the voltage was set at 5V. Using the Ohm’s
law, the resistance of the circuit was calculated and the result was tabulated. After that, the
resistance was measured using the DMM and the result was tabulated. All the step was repeated
using three different resistors. For experiment 2, the circuit’s power supply was adjusted to 6Vand
use DMM to measure the voltage across the resistor. By using power equation which is P=VI, the
power dissipation can be determined by measured voltage and resistance. This step was repeated
with different resistor. After that, all the steps were repeated using 9V as power supply. All
calculation in this experiment were recorded. The calculation was done using Ohm’s Law and
power equation. All of the objectives were achieved.

1
 2.0 METHODOLOGY

Experiment 1

Figure 2.1

Voltage at 5V was set and current through the resistor was measured.

Resistance of the circuit was calculated by using Ohm’s law. The

results were recorded.

Circuit was disconnected. Resistance of the circuit was measured by

using Digital Multimeter (DMM). The results were recorded.

Steps 2 to 4 for R2 and R3 were repeated. The results were recorded.

2
 Experiment 2

Figure 2.2

The voltage across the

Circuit in Figure 2.2 Power supply voltage was
resistor, R1 was measured by
was constructed adjusted to 6V.
using a Digital Multimeter

Power dissipation of the resistor

was determined by applying
Steps 1 to 4 for replacing
Voltage was adjusted to 9V and power equation. The measured
the resistor were
steps 3 to 5 were repeated. voltage was used and the
repeated.
resistance was rated. The results
were recorded.

The current through each load and power The previous results of voltage
dissipation of the load was determined by and current were used to
using current and resistance with the same determine the power dissipation of
resistor and voltages. The results were the loads. The results were
recorded. recorded.

3
3.0 RESULT

Experiment 1: Resistance

Resistor colour Measured Calculated Measured

code current (A) Resistance (Ω) Resistance (Ω)
R1 = brown, black, 500u V=IR
10K
orange, gold (10K) R=V/R= 10K
R2 = yellow, 10.638m
purple, brown, gold 470 470
(470)
R3 = brown, black, 5m
1K 1K
red, gold (1K)

Table 3.1

CALCULATION

For R1 = 10kΩ
V1 5V
I1 = = 10KΩ
R1

= 5x10-4 A
= 0.5mA
For R2 = 470Ω
V 5V
I2 = R2 = 470 Ω
2

= 0.010638 A
= 10.638mA
For R3 = 1kΩ
V 5V
I3 = R3 = 1kΩ
3

= 0.005 A
= 5mA

4
Experiment 2: Power

6V 9V
Resistor Measured
P = V2 / R Measured voltage P = V2 / R
voltage
6.00 0.036
R1 = 1k 9 0.081
6.00 0.0109 9 0.0245
R2 = 3.3k

Table 3.2

6V 9V
Resistor Measured Measured
P = I2 R P = I2 R
Current Current
R1 = 1k 6m 0.036 9m 0.081

R2 = 3.3k 1.8182m 0.0109 2.7273m 0.0245

Table 3.3

6V 9V

Resistor Measured Measured Measured Measured P=Vx

voltage P=VxI voltage I
Current Current

R1 = 1k 6 6m 0.036 9 9m 0.081

R2 = 3.3k 6 1.8182m 0.0109 9 2.7273m 0.0245

Table 3.4

CALCULATION
The Power is Calculated by Using the Formula: P = VI
For 6V
P=VxI
= (6V) (6mA)
= 0.0360 W

5
P=VxI
= (6V) (1.8182mA)
= 0.0109 W
For 9V
P=VxI
= (9V) (9mA)
= 0.0810 W
P=VxI
= (9V) (2.7273mA)
= 0.0245 W

The Power is Calculated by Using the Formula: P = I2 R

For 6V
P = I2 R
= (6mA)2 (1kΩ)
= 0.0360 W
P = I2R
= (1.8182mA)2 (3.3kΩ)
= 0.0109 W
For 9V
P = I2R
= (9mA)2 (1kΩ)
= 0.0810 W
P = I2R
= (2.7273mA)2 (3.3kΩ)
= 0.0245 W

6
4.0 DISCUSSION

When conducting the experiment there are several precautions that must be taken when
measuring resistance in the circuit to avoid errors and to make sure accuracy of results. Firstly,
make sure that no power is applied to the circuit. Before connecting the digital multi-meter to the
circuit, we should ensure that the range switch is set at the correct position and make sure that the
multi-meter is switched to AC or DC based on the circuits. Besides that, we should make sure to
check circuit connections before allowing current flow in the multi-meter.
Next, when the current is increased and the voltage is constant, the resistance will decrease
because when rearranging the Ohm’s Law, we know that, the division of voltage, v and current, I
V
will equal to resistance in the Ohm’s law equation which is R= I . Thus, when voltage, V is constant

and resistance, R and current, I is inversely proportional to each other. In other words, when
resistance, R increases, the current, I will decrease or when resistance, R decreases, the current, I
will increase.
Thus, the difference between predictions and measurements are due to errors made when
conducting the experiment. Errors like, inaccuracy of the instrument or the setup of the circuit,
calculations can be incorrect, the materials used such as the DC power supply or the multi-meter
may also have some defects, internal resistance that is not calculated, impedance in the circuit and
much more.
V
Lastly, the Ohm’s law equation for calculating resistance is R= I .

7
5.0 CONCLUSION
From this lab projects, we can make a conclusion that the objectives of this experiment
were achieved because we have learnt how to calculate the intensity of a resistor based on the color
stripes on their body and how to calculate the power of a circuit. The digital multimeter (DMM)
were also used in both of the experiment in help to justify our calculations using V = IR formula.
This is because a digital multimeter can measure the electrical values such as voltage, current and
resistance. It also will give the more accurate and precise result. We also find that several
precautions in measuring resistance in electrical circuit are we should secure that the range switch
is set at the correct position before connecting to the digital multimeter and make sure that the
multi-meter is switched to alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) based on the circuits to
prevent the error occurs and make more accurate results. Other than that, we also found out the
theory of relationship between power, voltage and current of a DC circuit. The power relationship
is one of the fundamental devices for the investigation of electric circuits, along with the Ohm’s
law. The deciding of the voltages and current flow are related with a specific circuit alongside with
the power will permit us to totally portray the electrical condition of an immediate current flow
circuit. Lastly, the theory was justified in this experiment.

8
6.0 REFERENCES
Electric power. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://hyperphysics.phy-
astr.gsu.edu/hbase/electric/elepow.html