TELECOMMUNICATION

SYSTEM OF A
BUILDING

Prepared by: Arch Janice Arevalo-Ocfemia

 What is building services?
It is about anything that makes the building safe and comfortable, not
just providing shelter but also an environment where people can live,
work and achieve goals.

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 BUILDING SERVICES
 Energy supply – gas, electricity, renewable sources, natural and
artificial lighting
 Heating and air conditioning
 Water, drainage and plumbing
 Escalators and lifts
 Communication lines. Telephones and IT networks
 Security and alarm systems
 Fire detection and protection

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 BUILDING SERVICES
 Modern buildings are built to create better consistent and productive
environment in which to work and to live.
 Buildings must be designed and planned to provide
 Better lighting
 Comfortable space and temperature, humidity and air quality
 Convenient power and communication capability
 High quality sanitation
 Reliable system for the protection of life and property

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 BUILDING SERVICES
Formulate ways to
Planning bring preferable future Designing
or outcome

Provide means to
Applies established
conceptualize and
procedures to solve
hypothesize about the
a large understood
underlying causes that
problem within a n
explain a problem
accepted framework

Provide a means to gain

understanding of a
complex problem

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 BUILDING SERVICES
▪ Mechanical System.
HVAC (heating, ventilating and air-conditioning)
Site utilities –water supply, drainage, sanitary disposal and gas
supply
Plumbing- water distribution, water treatment, sanitary
facilities
Fire protection- water supply, standpipe, fire and smoke
detection and annunciation

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 BUILDING SERVICES
▪ Electrical System.
Electrical power- normal, standby and emergency power supply
and distribution
Lighting- interior, exterior and emergency lighting
Auxiliary – telephone, data, video, sound, security system

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 BUILDING SERVICES
▪ Block-type buildings without window are totally dependent on artificial
lighting, ventilation and space conditioning.
▪ High-rise buildings must rely on high-speed vertical transportation and
high pressure water for drinking and cleaning purposes and for
protection against fire.

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 HISTORICAL TIMELINE American
Joseph Henry
transmitted the first
Claude Chappe Italian physicist
practical electrical
developed an optical Giovanni Caselli
signal by
telegraph (semaphore) invented a Italian physicist Giovanni
sending electricity
system of stations pantelegraph for Caselli invented a
through a long set of
built on rooftops or transmitting pictures, pantelegraph for
wires to produce The first message
Carrier pigeons were towers that were the first commercial transmitting pictures, the
electromagnetism sent by electric
used to visible from a great fax first commercial fax
that was used to ring telegraph in US.
convey messages distance. system. system.
a bell.

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1588 1793 1800 1830 1831 1844 1876 1865 1895 1926 TODAY
BC

Yellow is the color of Traditional long- Samuel Morse access to the Internet,
Alexander
gold, butter and ripe distance patented the first high-speed data
Graham Bell invented
lemons communication was functional Italian inventor communications,
an electrical speech
by horse-mounted electrical Gugliemo Marconi satellite
machine that
dispatch riders. communication demonstrated the first communications,
transmitted voice over
system: radio transmission.
wires and became
known as the
telephone.
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 FUNDAMENTALS OF TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM/ SIGNAL SYSTEM

Transmission Telecommunication system

Emission, or reception of signs, It uses electricity, light (visible
signals, writing, images, and infrared), or radio waves to
sounds, or information of any transmit signals that carry voice
nature by wire, radio, optical, or and data transmissions..
other electromagnetic systems.

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 FUNDAMENTALS OF TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM/ SIGNAL SYSTEM
converts sound waves (telephone
telecommunications device that
mouthpiece) or data into signals, which
functions as a transmitter and
travel along wires or through the air receiver.
before reaching their destination

transmitter receiver transceiver

Intercepts the signals, they are converted

back into useful data or sound waves that
become distinguishable by the human ear
and recognized by brain.

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 TYPES OF SIGNAL SYSTEM
Analog Transmission
conversion of useful sound or
data into electrical impulses. It
is capable of transmitting both
voice and nonvoice messages
(e.g., telex, telegrams, data).
Digital Transmission
transmission of a signal that varies in voltage to
represent one of two separate states (e.g., on and off
or 0 and 1). .In an optical network, digital signaling can
involve either pulsating (on and off) light or a variation
in the intensity of the light signal
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 TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Cable
Most common medium through which voice
and data usually move from one network
device to another. Examples are copper wire,
coaxial cable, and optical fibers.

Connectors
are the devices that connect cable to the network
device (e.g., computer, printer, entertainment center,
and so forth).

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 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Copper Wiring
It consists of one or more pairs of solid copper wires.
Coaxial Cable
It has two conductors; an inner solid wire surrounded by an
outer braided metal sheath. . Several coaxial cables can be
arranged in bundles protected by an outer sheathing called a
jacket.
Optical Fibers
long, thin strands of very pure silicon glass or plastic about the
diameter of a human hair. A single optical fiber consists of
three elements: a core, the thin glass center of the fiber where
the light travels; cladding, the outer material surrounding the
core that reflects the light back into the core; and a buffer
coating, a plastic coating that protects the fiber from damage
14 and moisture.
 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Wireless
It is a term used to describe telecommunications in which
electromagnetic waves carry the signal. .
Types of Wireless Networks
1. Peer to peer wireless networks - consists of a number of
computers, each equipped with a wireless networking
interface card.
2. Access point or base station wireless network- has a
computer or receiver that serves as the point at which the
network is accessed. It acts like a hub, which provides
connectivity for the wireless equipment.

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 TYPES OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Wireless
Infrared (IR) Wireless Technology - used in home
entertainment control units; robot control systems;
medium-range, line of sight communications (e.g., cordless
microphones, headsets, modems, printers, and other
peripherals).
Radio Frequency (RF) Wireless Technology – uses radio
waves to send and receive information. (such as garage
door opener, baby monitor, walkie-talkie and portable
phone). It can transmit data through walls and between
nearby buildings. This characteristic offers flexible linking
capability between communication devices.

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 TYPES OF A COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL
SYSTEM ACCORDING TO USE
 Surveillance and Signal Equipment
Fire, smoke and intruder detection and alarm systems. In
general, all signal system require a surveillance system to
process information including transmitting it and a means
of indicating the signal, either audibly, visually or
permanently on hardcopy.

 Audio and Visual Communication Equipment

Telephone, intercom, public TV and closed circuit
television(CCTV).

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 TYPES OF A COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL
SYSTEM ACCORDING TO USE
 Parts of Communication and Signal System
1. Detectors
2. Control unit or panel
3. Alarm Devices
4. Wiring or circuitry- types of wire, raceways and
connectors

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 Communication and Signal System
 Television Antenna System
The system functions by amplifying the signal received by the TV Antenna and by means
of a special cable, distribute these amplified signals into the various wall outlets. A
system with two or more outlets generally needs a booster amplifier.

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 Communication and Signal System
 Sound Amplifying Systems or
Public Address System
▪ Microphone – to pick up the
sound and convert it to an
alternative electric current
▪ Amplifiers – amplifies and control
the currents
▪ Loudspeakers – converts
amplified electric current back
into sound much louder than the
original sound entering the
microphone

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 Communication and Signal System
 Telephone and
Intercommunication System
▪ The intercom system
comprises one or more
master stations
(administrative) and several
remote station (staff), one
which monitors the front
door. The master station
allows selective calling while
remote stations operating
through the master are non-
selective.

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 Communication and Signal System
 Telephone and Intercommunication
System
The private automatic branch exchange or
PABX is based on solid state technology, thus
the entire system can handle up to 500 lines
and trunks and operator consoles and over
140 simultaneous conversations plus full
intercom facilities.
▪ Direct and external calling
▪ Consultation hold (ability to hold an outside
call while making an inside call)
▪ Conference call capability
▪ Call transfer
▪ Automatic call back and call forwarding
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 Communication and Signal System
 Elements of the Telephone Installation
1. Service Entrance – the service connection from a pole or other outside terminal
location to a point of entrance into the building.
▪ Overhead – overhead exposed wires
▪ Underground – with concealed underground wires in conduits. The service conduits
is usually of rigid iron same for electrical works or approved type. Minimum size of
service conduit is ½” round. There should be a clearance of not less than 6”
telephone service conduit and electric conduit.

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 Communication and Signal System
 Elements of the Telephone Installation
2. Protector– generally required in
residential telephone lines to protect
against lighting. When a conduit entrance
and an interior conduit system are to be
installed. It is desirable to provide a
cabinet or enclosure to accommodate the
protector. It is located as close as possible
to the point of entrance, one protector is
required for each pair of telephone wires
entering the building.

24 Electromagnetic Interference
 Communication and Signal System
 Elements of the Telephone Installation
3. Main Terminal Cabinet Room– the
serviced wires end the main terminal
cabinet. Small sized wall type terminals
are mounted to metal cabinets attached
to or recessed in walls or columns. Large
sizes of wall type terminals and frame
type terminals should be located in
rooms.

25 Electromagnetic Interference
 Communication and Signal System
 Elements of the Telephone Installation
4. Vertical Riser Conduits or Riser Shafts–
a) Riser conduits- used in medium sized
installations and consist of a series of metal
cabinets called splicing cabinets vertically
through the building, one on each floor and
connected by a vertical conduit.
b) Riser shafts required for large installations
and consist of series of individual full length
interconnecting closets called splicing
closets which are aligned vertically one on
each floor and each fitted with a fire proof
access door.
Risers whether conduits or shafts require
26 central locations in relation to floor area served. Electromagnetic Interference
 Communication and Signal System
 Elements of the Telephone Installation
5. Splicing cabinet or splicing closet- permit the
riser cables in the riser shaft or conduit to be
spliced or interconnected to the cables or
telephone wires to the various floors.
6. Floor Conduits connects the splicing closets
and cabinets into the distribution terminal
cabinets and to floor ducts, wall outlets etc.

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 Communication and Signal System

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 Communication and Signal System

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 Communication and Signal System of a
Residential Building
Elements of Residential Signal System

System Signal Generator Signal Processor Signal

Type Transducer
Fire Alarm Temperature and Control cabinet Bells, annunciator
smoke detectors buzzer
Intrusion Door and window Transformer Bells, buzzer,
Alarm switches, motion annunciator
detector
Door Bell Push Button Amplifier Buzzer, chime

Tv Antenna TV station and house Amplifier TV set

antenna
Intercom Microphone, speaker- Speakers in
microphone various stations
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 Fire Alarm
System

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 General
Provide sufficient time for evacuation and appropriate measures that can be
initiated.
The elements;
1. Various alarm-initiating devices
2. Wiring
3. Control Panel
4. Audible alarm devices

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Alarm Devices
Thermostat –temperature detector and most common
residential alarm initiating device.
Types of Thermostat Non-Restorable
 Fixed temperature unit – operates a set of contacts
when a present (non-adjustable) temperature is
reached. It is available in a one time non-renewable
design that has low melting point alloy plug and
automatic resetting unit of design similar to a
thermostat.
 The most common fixed temperature point for
electrically connected heat detectors is 58°C Restorable
(136.4°F).
 Fusible plug melts at predetermined temperature.
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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Alarm Devices
Types of Thermostat
 Rate of rise– operates when the rate of
ambient temperature changes exceeds a
predetermines amount, indicative of a fire.
It is normally combined with fixed
temperature unit in a single housing.
 operate on a rapid rise in element
temperature of 6.7° to 8.3°C (12° to
15°F) increase per minute, irrespective of
the starting temperature.

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Alarm Devices

Fixed Temperature
Unit Detector

Rate of rise
Detector

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Alarm Devices
Other types
 Photo cell detector- the device
projects a continuous, focused
beam of light onto a mirror. If
nothing interferes with the beam
en route and back, the sensor
perceives no obstruction. But
when a small amount of smoke
enters the chamber, the light is
refracted slightly, causing an
alarm to sound. Smoke from the
source may trigger the alarm even
before flames appear.

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Alarm Devices
Other types
 Ionization detector- have a
small amount of radioactive
material between two
electrically charged plates,
which ionizes the air and
causes current to flow between
the plates. When smoke enters
the chamber, it disrupts the
flow of ions, thus reducing the
flow of current and activating
the alarm.

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Flame detector is a sensor
designed to detect and respond to
the presence of a flame or fire,
allowing flame detection.
 Air Sampling Detector consists of
a piping or tubing distribution
network that runs from the
detector to the area(s) to be
protected.
 Optical beam smoke detectors
work on the principle of light
obscuration, where the presence
of smoke blocks some of the light
from the beam, typically through
either absorbance or light
38 scattering.
 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Mounting
Detector Type Maximum Ceiling
Height (m) Cat L/P
Rate of Rise Heat 9 Metres
Detector

Fixed Temperature Heat 7.5 Metres

Detectors

Smoke Detectors 10.5 Metres

CO Point Detectors 10.5 Metres

Optical Beam Detectors 25 Metres

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Control Unit
 Its function is to energize the audible devices (bells,
buzzers and gongs) upon receipt of signal from the
detector, which will continue to sound until the
emergency condition is cleared or until they are
manually silenced at the control panel.
 It can also serve shut-off of oil and gas lines, shut-
off of attic fan to prevent fire spread and turn-off of
lights both inside and outside.
 It is connected to a standby battery.
 A fire alarm control panel (FACP), fire alarm control
unit (FACU), or simply fire alarm panel is the
controlling component of a fire alarm system.

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 Residential Fire Alarm System
 Audible Alarm Devices
a mechanism that gives an audible, visual or other kind
of alarm signal to alert someone to a problem or
condition that requires urgent attention.
 Horn strobe provides 2 distinct tone patterns with a
bright visual signal to alert you to potential hazards.
 Vibrating bells produce a continuous ringing sound
when voltage is applied. Ideal for all sorts of
industrial applications, whether to signal danger or
for start and dismissal.
 Weatherproof alarm siren which provide high-
decibel alarm.
 Grille-type vibrating horns are ideal for distinctive
and urgent signal.
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 THANKS!

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