Name

Practice Exam: Paper 1

SL Score HL Score
Topic 5: Energetics
/30 /56
SL

1. When 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 HCl is mixed with 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm–3 NaOH, the temperature of the
resulting solution increases by 5.0 °C. What will be the temperature change, in °C, when 50 cm3 of these two
solutions are mixed?
m
is proble
A. 2.5 C.Skip th10

B. 5.0 D. 20

2. Which statement about bonding is correct?

A. Bond breaking is endothermic and requires energy.

B. Bond breaking is endothermic and releases energy.

C. Bond making is exothermic and requires energy.

D. Bond making is endothermic and releases energy.

3. Consider the following reactions.

Cu2O(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s) ∆HO = –144 kJ


Cu2O(s) → Cu(s) + CuO(s) ∆HO = +11 kJ

What is the value of ∆HO, in kJ, for this reaction?

Cu(s) + O2(g) → CuO(s)

A. –144 + 11 C. –144 – 11

B. +144 – 11 D. +144 + 11

4. Consider the two reactions involving iron and oxygen.

2Fe(s) + O2(g) → 2FeO(s) ∆HO = –544 kJ


4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) ∆HO = –1648 kJ

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the reaction below?

4FeO(s) + O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s)

A. –1648 – 2(–544) C. –1648 – 544

B. –544 – (–1648) D. –1648 – 2(544)

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5. Which processes have a negative enthalpy change?

I. 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)

II. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

III. H2O(g) → H2O(l)

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

6. Consider the following reactions.

N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) ∆HO = +180 kJ


2NO2(g) → 2NO(g) + O2(g) ∆HO = +112 kJ

What is the ∆HO value, in kJ, for the following reaction?

N2(g) + 2O2(g) → 2NO2(g)

A. –1 × (+180) + –1 × (+112)

B. –1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112)

C. 1 × (+180) + –1 × (+112)

D. 1 × (+180) + 1 × (+112)

7. Which equation represents the bond enthalpy for the H–Br bond in hydrogen bromide?

A. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br(g)

B. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br(l)

C. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br2(1)

D. HBr(g) → H(g) + Br2(g)

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8. Which types of reaction are always exothermic?

I. Neutralization

II. Decomposition

III. Combustion

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

9. A pure aluminium block with a mass of 10 g is heated so that its temperature increases from 20 °C to 50 °C .
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 8.99 × 10–1 J g–1 K–1. Which expression gives the heat energy
change in kJ?

A. 10 × 8.99 × 10–1 × 303

B. 10 × 8.99 × 10–1 × 30

C.

D.

10. The standard enthalpy changes for the combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are shown below.

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆HcO = –394 kJmol–1


CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔHcO = –283 kJ mol–1

What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction?

C(s) + O2(g) → CO(g)

A. –677

B. –111

C. +111

D. +677
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11. Which is correct about energy changes during bond breaking and bond formation?

Bond breaking Bond formation

A. exothermic and ∆H positive endothermic and ∆H negative
B. exothermic and ∆H negative endothermic and ∆H positive
C. endothermic and ∆H positive exothermic and ∆H negative
D. endothermic and ∆H negative exothermic and ∆H positive

12. Which processes are exothermic?

I. Ice melting

II. Neutralization

III. Combustion

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

13. Which statement is correct given the enthalpy level diagram below?

A. The reaction is endothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.

B. The reaction is exothermic and the products are more thermodynamically stable than the reactants.

C. The reaction is endothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.

D. The reaction is exothermic and the reactants are more thermodynamically stable than the products.

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14. Identical pieces of magnesium are added to two beakers, A and B, containing hydrochloric acid.

Both acids have the same initial temperature
! but their volumes and concentrations differ.
or now
Skip f

Which statement is correct?

A. The maximum temperature in A will be higher than in B.

B. The maximum temperature in A and B will be equal.

C. It is not possible to predict whether A or B will have the higher maximum temperature.

D. The temperature in A and B will increase at the same rate.

15. Which equation best represents the bond enthalpy of HCl?

A. HCl(g) → H+(g) + Cl–(g)

B. HCl(g) → H(g) + Cl(g)

C. HCl(g) → H2(g) + Cl2(g)

D. 2HCl(g) → H2(g) + Cl2(g)

16. When some solid barium hydroxide and solid ammonium thiosulfate were reacted together, the temperature
of the surroundings was observed to decrease from 15 ºC to – 4 ºC. What can be deduced from this observation?

A. The reaction is exothermic and ∆H is negative.

B. The reaction is exothermic and ∆H is positive.

C. The reaction is endothermic and ∆H is negative.

D. The reaction is endothermic and ∆H is positive.

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17. Which process represents the C–Cl bond enthalpy in tetrachloromethane?

A. CCl4(g) → C(g) + 4Cl(g) C. CCl4(l) → C(g) + 4Cl(g)

B. CCl4(g) → CCl3(g) + Cl(g) D. CCl4(l) → C(s) + 2Cl2(g)

18. Some water is heated using the heat produced by the combustion of magnesium metal. Which values are
needed to calculate the enthalpy change of reaction?

I. The mass of magnesium

II. The mass of the water

III. The change in temperature of the water

A. I and II only C. II and III only

B. I and III only D. I, II and III

19. 1.0 g of sodium hydroxide, NaOH, was added to 99.0 g of water. The temperature of the solution increased
from 18.0 ºC to 20.5 ºC. The specific heat capacity of the solution is

4.18 J g–1 K–1.

Which expression gives the heat evolved in kJ mol–1?

A.

B.

C.

D.

20. What is the energy, in kJ, released when 1.00 mol of carbon monoxide is burned according to the following
equation?

2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) ΔHo = –564 kJ

A. 141

B. 282

C. 564

D. 1128

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21. The specific heat of iron is 0.450 J g–1 K–1. What is the energy, in J, needed to increase the temperature of
50.0 g of iron by 20.0 K?

A. 9.00

B. 22.5

C. 45.0

D. 450

22. Which of the following reactions are exothermic?

I. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

II. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

III. Br2 → 2Br

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

23. Consider the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. Which factors will affect the reaction rate?

I. The collision frequency

w! of the reactant particles
or no
Skip f
II. The number of reactant particles with E ≥ Ea

III. The number of reactant particles that collide with the appropriate geometry

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

24. Which substance does not conduct electricity?

A. Solid zinc
!
or now
B. Molten zinc Skip f

C. Solid zinc chloride

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 D. Molten zinc chloride

25. Which is true for a chemical reaction in which the products have a higher enthalpy than the reactants?

Reaction ∆H
A. endothermic positive
B. endothermic negative
C. exothermic positive
D. exothermic negative

26. In a reaction that occurs in 50 g of aqueous solution, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases by 20
°C. If 0.10 mol of the limiting reagent is consumed, what is the enthalpy change (in kJ mol–1) for the reac-
tion? Assume the specific heat capacity of the solution

= 4.2 kJ kg–1 K–1.

A. –0.10 × 50 × 4.2 × 20

B. –0.10 × 0.050 × 4.2 × 20

C.

D.

27. Use the average bond enthalpies below to calculate the enthalpy change, in kJ, for the following reaction.

H2(g) + I2(g) → 2HI(g)

Bond Bond energy / kJ mol–1

H–H 440
I–I 150
H–I 300

A. +290 C. –10

B. +10 D. –290

28. How much energy, in joules, is required to increase the temperature of 2.0 g of aluminium from 25 to 30 °C?
(Specific heat of Al = 0.90 J g–1 K–1).

A. 0.36

B. 4.5

C. 9.0

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 D. 54

29. Which combination is correct for a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings?

Type of reaction ΔH at constant pressure

A. Exothermic Positive
B. Exothermic Negative
C. Endothermic Positive
D. Endothermic Negative

30. Using the equations below:

C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ∆Hο = –394 kJ mol–1

Mn(s) + O2(g) → MnO2(s) ∆Hο = –520 kJ mol–1

What is ∆H, in kJ, for the following reaction?

MnO2(s) + C(s) → Mn(s) + CO2(g)

A. 914 C. –126

B. 126 D. –914

HL
1. When hydrogen peroxide decomposes, the temperature of the reaction mixture increases.

2H2O2(aq) → O2(g) + 2H2O(l)

What are the signs of ∆H, ∆S and ∆G for this reaction?

∆H ∆S ∆G
A. – – –
B. – + –
C. + + –
D. – + +

2. Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?

A. SO2(g) + 2H2S(g) → 2H2O(l) + 3S(s)

B. CaO(s) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s)

C. CaC2(s) + 2H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) + C2H2(g)

D. N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

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3. Which equation corresponds to the lattice enthalpy for silver iodide, AgI?

A. AgI(s) → Ag(s) + I(g)

B. AgI(s) → Ag(s) + I2(g)

C. AgI(s) → Ag+(aq) + I–(aq)

D. AgI(s) → Ag+(g) + I–(g)

4. Which ionic compound has the greatest lattice enthalpy?

A. MgO C. NaF

B. CaO D. KF

5. Which change will not increase the entropy of a system?

A. Increasing the temperature

B. Changing the state from liquid to gas

C. Mixing different types of particles

D. A reaction where four moles of gaseous reactants changes to two moles of gaseous products

6. ∆GO calculations predict that a reaction is always spontaneous for which of the following combinations of
∆HO and ∆SO?

A. +∆HO and +∆SO C. –∆HO and –∆SO

B. +∆HO and –∆SO D. –∆HO and +∆SO

7. Which reaction has an enthalpy change equal to a standard enthalpy change of formation, ∆HfO?

All reactions occur at 298 K and 1.01 × 105 Pa.

A. C4H8(g) + H2O(g) → C4H9OH(l)

B. 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(g) → C4H9OH(l) + O2(g)

C. 4C(s) + 5H2(g) + O2(g) → C4H9OH(l)

D. 8C(s) + 10H2(g) + O2(g) → 2C4H9OH(l)

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8. Which process has an enthalpy change that represents the lattice enthalpy of sodium chloride?

A. NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl–(g)

B. NaCl(s) → Na(s) + Cl2(g)

C. NaCl(g) → Na+(g) + Cl–(g)

D. NaCl(s) → Na(s) + Cl+(g)

9. Which is the correct order of increasing magnitude of lattice enthalpy (lowest first)?

A. NaCl < KCl < MgS < MgO C. KCl < NaCl < MgS < MgO

B. MgO < MgS < KCl < NaCl D. MgO < NaCl < KCl < MgS

10. Which reaction has the most negative change in entropy?

A. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g) C. PbCl2(s) → Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl–(aq)

B. NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) + HCl(g) D. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

11. What is the standard free energy change, ∆GO, in kJ, for the following reaction?

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

Compound ∆GfO / kJ mol–1

C2H5OH(l) –175
CO2(g) –394
H2O(g) –229
O2(g) 0

A. –1650 C. – 448

B. –1300 D. +1300

12. Which combination of ionic radius and ionic charge would result in the highest lattice enthalpy for an ionic
compound?

Ionic radius Ionic charge

A. small high
B. large high
C. small low
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 D. large low

13. Consider the equations below.

CH4(g) + O2(g) → HCHO(l) + H2O(l) ∆HO = x


HCHO(l) + O2(g) → HCOOH(l) ∆HO = y


2HCOOH(l) + O2(g) → (COOH)2(s) + H2O(l) ∆HO = z

What is the enthalpy change of the reaction below?

2CH4(g) + 3 O2(g) → (COOH)2(s) + 3H2O(l)

A. x+y+z C. 2x + 2y + z

B. 2x + y + z D. 2x + 2y + 2z

14. Given the enthalpy change for the reaction below:

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l) ∆HO = –572 kJ

which statement is correct?

A. The standard enthalpy change of combustion of H2(g) is –286 kJ mol–1.

B. The standard enthalpy change of combustion of H2(g) is +286 kJ mol–1.

C. The standard enthalpy change of formation of H2O(l) is –572 kJ mol–1.

D. The standard enthalpy change of formation of H2O(l) is +572 kJ mol–1.

15. Which is a correct definition of lattice enthalpy?

A. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when an electron is removed from 1 mol of gaseous atoms.

B. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of a compound is formed from its elements.

C. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of solid crystal changes into a liquid.

D. It is the enthalpy change that occurs when 1 mol of solid crystal is formed from its gaseous ions.

16. Which reaction has the largest increase in entropy?

A. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)

B. Al(OH)3(s) + NaOH(aq) → Al(OH)4–(aq) + Na+(aq)

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 C. Na2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

D. BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

17. Which reaction has the greatest increase in entropy?

A. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)

B. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)

C. N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

D. C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)

18. The reaction between but-1-ene and water vapour produces butan-1-ol.

C4H8(g) + H2O(g) → C4H9OH(l)

The standard entropy values (SO) for but-1-ene, water vapour and butan-1-ol are 310, 189 and 228 J K–1 mol–
1
respectively. What is the standard entropy change for this reaction in

J K–1 mol–1?

A. –271 C. –107

B. +271 D. +107

19. What is the standard entropy change, ∆SO, for the following reaction?

2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)

CO(g) O2(g) CO2(g)

O –1 –1
S /J K mol 198 205 214

A. –189 C. +173

B. –173 D. +189

20. Which step(s) is/are endothermic in the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of LiCl?

A. ½Cl2(g) → Cl(g) and Li(s) → Li(g)

B. Cl(g) + e– → Cl–(g) and Li(g) → Li+(g) + e–

C. Li+(g) + Cl–(g) → LiCl(s)

D. ½Cl2(g) → Cl(g) and Cl(g) + e– → Cl–(g)

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21. Which ionic compound has the most endothermic lattice enthalpy?

A. NaCl C. NaF

B. KCl D. KF

22. Which change leads to an increase in entropy?

A. CO2(g) → CO2(s) C. H2O(l) → H2O(s)

B. SF6(g) → SF6(l) D. NaCl(s) → NaCl(aq)

23. Which reaction has the most negative ∆Hο value?

A. LiF(s) → Li+(g) + F–(g)

B. Li+(g) + F–(g) → LiF(s)

C. NaCl(s) → Na+(g) + Cl–(g)

D. Na+(g) + Cl–(g) → NaCl(s)

24. Which equation represents the electron affinity of calcium?

A. Ca(g) →Ca+(g) + e–

B. Ca(g) →Ca–(g) + e–

C. Ca(g) + e– → Ca–(g)

D. Ca+(g) + e– → Ca(g)

25. Which reaction causes a decrease in the entropy of the system?

A. CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

B. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

C. 2C(s) + O2(g) → 2CO(g)

D. 2SO3(g) → 2SO2(g) + O2(g)

26. What are the signs of ∆Hο and ∆Sο for a reaction that is non-spontaneous at low temperature but spontaneous
at high temperature?
ΔHο ΔSο
A. – –
B. + –
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C. – +
D. + +

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