History of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing was invented in the early 1960s by J.C.R Licklider

(Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider), an American Psychologist and Computer
Scientist. During his network research work on ARPANet (Advanced
Research Project Agency Network), trying to connect people and data all
around the world, gave an introduction to Cloud Computing technique
which we all know today. Born on March 11th, 1915 in St. Louis, Missouri,
US, J.C.R Licklider pursued his initial studies from Washington University in
1937 and received a BA Degree with three specializations including
physics, maths, psychology.
Later in the year 1938, Licklider completed his MA in psychology and
received his Ph.D. from the University of Rochester in the year 1942.
His interest in Information Technology and looking at his years of
service in different areas and achievements, made his appointed as
Head of IPTO (information processing technology officer) at ARPA (US
Department of Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) in the Year
1962. His aim led to ARPANet, a forerunner of today’s Internet.
Basic Concepts of the cloud (why we use cloud)
• Cloud computing is defined as the services offered through remote
servers on the internet. These services might include database storage,
applications, compute power and other IT resources over the pay-as-you-
go pricing approach

• Cloud computing has now become an ideal way to deliver solutions and
enterprise applications for different businesses across the globe.
Types of Cloud
 Public Cloud
• Public cloud is open to all to store and access information via the
Internet using the pay-per-usage method.
• In public cloud, computing resources are managed and operated by the
Cloud Service Provider (CSP).
• Example: Amazon elastic compute cloud (EC2), IBM SmartCloud
Enterprise, Microsoft, Google App Engine, Windows Azure Services
Platform.
 Private Cloud
• Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. It is
used by organizations to build and manage their own data centers
internally or by the third party. It can be deployed using Opensource tools
such as Openstack and Eucalyptus.
• Based on the location and management, National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) divide private cloud into the following two parts-
• On-premise private cloud(physical machines)
• Outsourced private cloud(online space )
 Hybrid Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud is a combination of the public cloud and the private cloud.
we can say:
• Hybrid Cloud = Public Cloud + Private Cloud
• Hybrid cloud is partially secure because the services which are running on
the public cloud can be accessed by anyone, while the services which are
running on a private cloud can be accessed only by the organization's
users.
• Example: Google Application Suite (Gmail, Google Apps, and Google
Drive), Office 365 (MS Office on the Web and One Drive), Amazon Web
Services.
Community Cloud
• Community cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by a
group of several organizations to share the information between the
organization and a specific community. It is owned, managed, and
operated by one or more organizations in the community, a third
party, or a combination of them.
• Example: Health Care community cloud
Organization modern computing

The beauty of the cloud computing phase went on running throughout the
era of the 21st Century. By mid-2000s probably 2006 Amazon created AWS
(Amazon web services) and also noted its Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2).
Earlier announced by Microsoft in the year 2008, it released its cloud
computing service named Microsoft Azure for testing, deployment and
managing applications and services.
• By 2008, Google too introduced its beta version of the search engine. In
the year 2012, Google compute engine was released but was rolled to
the public by the end of Dec 2013..
Currently, as per records, Linux and Microsoft Azure share most of their
work parallel.
 Benefits of cloud
Implementing a Cloud-based server or being on the cloud makes you
cost-effective as it will easier to access organization data and
information which saves time and investment in the early phase.
Moreover, the cloud has facilities for storage area too, which means pay
only for the storage you have installed. Revenue growth also increases
investing in cloud applications.
Security Concern is a big issue when it comes to onsite viewing and
storage of files and documents. As its cybercrime doing the same thing for
remotely accessing data. The Key to enhance security is one by encrypting
the data that is being transmitted over networks. Moreover, different
security features are available to the users too
Rather than hosting an application in Local Server, Cloud gives a lot of
flexibility on hosting on its platform. It increases the overall efficiency of
the organization.

Cloud computing provides greater mobility (to move freely) and

connectivity to connect with people and information. It allows to access
data from anywhere, anyplace and anytime.
Clouds based applications update and upgrade their software versions
without being manually functioned.

Cloud storage helps in loss prevention from data. If any valuable data is
stored in local hardware and due to any viral infections, malware or
malfunctions the data gets corrupted. To prevent loss, it’s better to dump
all data in the cloud which gives better flexibility and access anytime.
Top 7 Public Cloud Providers
 1. Amazon Web Services
Amazon Web Services is the cloud services offered by Amazon for
companies and individuals on the basis of pay-as-you-go services. It offers
infrastructure, platform, and software as services to the users. AWS has
become synonymous with public cloud providers as the platform offers
various services globally. AWS offers three main products such as EC2,
Glacier and S3. EC2 offers virtual machine services to the users whereas
Glacier is the low-cost cloud storage service. S3 is used for Amazon Storage
system. Database storage and computing power with its fast delivery make
AWS popular among the users of public cloud. Any businesses can easily
adapt AWS and this is an advantage along with its scalability.
 Pay-As-You-Go
Based on the concept of Pay-As-You-Go, AWS provides the services to the
customers.
AWS provides services to customers when required without any prior
commitment or upfront investment. Pay-As-You-Go enables the customers
to procure services from AWS.
• Computing
• Programming models
• Database storage
• Networking
 2. Microsoft Azure
Era of 2008
Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing platform that provides a wide variety
of services that we can use without purchasing and arranging our hardware.
It enables the fast development of solutions and provides the resources to
complete tasks that may not be achievable in an on-premises environment.
Azure Services like compute, storage, network, and application services
allow us to put our effort into building great solutions without worrying
about the assembly of physical infrastructure..
Azure Services

• Compute services: It includes the Microsoft Azure Cloud Services,

Azure Virtual Machines, Azure Website, and Azure Mobile Services,
which processes the data on the cloud with the help of powerful
processors.
• Data services: This service is used to store data over the cloud that
can be scaled according to the requirements. It includes Microsoft
Azure Storage (Blob, Queue Table, and Azure File services), Azure SQL
Database, and the Redis Cache.
• Application services: It includes services, which help us to build and
operate our application, like the Azure Active Directory, Service Bus
for connecting distributed systems, HDInsight for processing big data,
the Azure Scheduler, and the Azure Media Services.
• Network services: It helps you to connect with the cloud and on-
premises infrastructure, which includes Virtual Networks, Azure
Content Delivery Network, and the Azure Traffic Manager.
 3. Google Cloud Platform
• Cloud computing is defined as the services offered through remote servers
on the internet. These services might include database storage,
applications, compute power and other IT resources over the pay-as-you-go
pricing approach. The remote server allows users to save, modify, or
process data on the internet or cloud-based platform instead of storing it
on a local server or their devices.
• By 2008, Google too introduced its beta version of the search engine. In the
year 2012, Google compute engine was released but was rolled to the
public by the end of Dec 2013..
• GCP uses the same infrastructure as google uses and can reach the
users globally.
• The application can be built and ran in the GCP with the help of data
centers and analytics installed in the service.
• Cost is managed in the platform and the data storage can be managed
efficiently
Benefits of Google Cloud Platform

• Best Pricing: Google enables users to get Google Cloud hosting at the
cheapest rates. The hosting plans are not only cheaper than other
hosting platforms but also offer better features than others. GCP
provides a pay-as-you-go option to the users where users can pay
separately only for the services and resources they want to use
• Work from Anywhere: Once the account is configured on GCP, it can
be accessed from anywhere. That means that the user can use GCP
across different devices from different places. It is possible because
Google provides web-based applications that allow users to have
complete access to GCP
• Private Network: Google has its own network that enables users to have
more control over GCP functions. Due to this, users achieve smooth
performance and increased efficiency over the network.

• Scalable: Users are getting a more scalable platform over the private
network. Because Google uses fiber-optic cables to extend its network
range, it is likely to have more scalability. Google is always working to
scale its network because there can be any amount of traffic at any time.
• Security: There is a high number of security professionals working at
Google. They always keep trying to secure the network and protect the
data stored on servers. Additionally, Google uses an algorithm that
encrypts all the data on the Cloud platform. This gives assurance to the
users that their data is completely safe and secure from unauthorized
sources.
• Redundant Backup: Google always keeps backup of user's data with
built-in redundant backup integration. In case a user has lost the stored
data, it's not a big problem. Google always has a copy of the users' data
unless the data is deleted forcefully. This adds data integrity, reliability
and durability with GCP.
 4. Oracle Cloud
The cloud service offered by Oracle company to build, test, and deploy the
applications so that users of oracle worldwide can use the servers and
applications is called Oracle cloud. Though not a common cloud service
preferred by users as such, it has infrastructure and platform services that
please the users with its services of network and storage. High capacity
applications can be easily used in the cloud service and it can be customized
easily so that other applications can be used well with Oracle application.
The database offered by Oracle is SQL and it has a great many users
5. IBM Cloud

• The cloud services offered by IBM company is called IBM cloud where
the platform as a service and infrastructure as a service is offered to
the users. Virtual resources can be deployed and used by the users
which make the storage and networking easily accessible. Even for
higher workloads, the cloud service is reliable and this makes the IBM
cloud a good one among others.
 6. Alibaba Cloud

• Offered by Alibaba, Alibaba cloud emerges as a reliable service provider

that integrates different services with secure technology. Data storage,
big data processing, and relational databases are the major services
offered by this cloud service. SQL is the database used by Alibaba.
Scalability, availability, and efficiency is the major advantages of Alibaba
cloud. Digital transformation is done easily at a low price with the help
of Alibaba cloud services
7. Salesforce Cloud
• A cloud platform that supports customer relationship management so
that sales and marketing is focused more is called the salesforce
cloud. Business-to-business and business-to-customer contexts are
supported in this cloud platform. All the applications based on sales
are offered in this cloud platform. Extra features are offered with
additional fees and this helps the cloud service to grow and flourish in
the sales market.
Characteristics of cloud
• On-demand self-service. Cloud services are generally provisioned as
they are required and need minimal infrastructure configuration by
the consumer. As a result, users of cloud services can quickly set up
the resources they want, typically without having to involve IT
specialists.
• Broad network access. Consumers generally access cloud services over
a network connection, usually either a corporate network or the
Internet.
• Resource pooling. Cloud services use a pool of hardware resources that
consumers share. A hardware pool consists of hardware from multiple
servers that are arranged as a single logical entity
• Rapid elasticity. Cloud services scale dynamically to obtain additional
resources from the pool as workloads intensify, and they release
resources automatically when no need for them exists
• Measured service. Cloud services generally include a metering
capability, making it possible to track relative resource usage by the
users of the services, or subscribers

• https://infrastructuremap.microsoft.com/explore
• https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/
Class quiz

1. Cloud computing has now become an ideal way to deliver solutions

and enterprise applications for different businesses across the
globe. Why?
2. As we discuss using cloud has many advantages , on the other hand
cloud has disadvantages list out five of them.
3. Suggest two public cloud provider companies that you would like
to have datacentre in our country and why?
4. Discuss cloud types
5. Cloud services is 99.9999% is reliable , do you think its real , if your
answer is yes why ? If no why?