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5 - Measures of Central Tendency For Grouped

The document discusses various measures of central tendency including: 1. The mean, which is the average and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of data points. 2. The weighted mean, which accounts for values having different levels of importance by multiplying each value by its weight. 3. The median, which is the middle value when data is arranged in order. 4. The mode, which is the most frequent value. 5. The midrange, which is a rough estimate of the middle, calculated as the average of the lowest and highest values.

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64 views23 pages

5 - Measures of Central Tendency For Grouped

The document discusses various measures of central tendency including: 1. The mean, which is the average and is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the total number of data points. 2. The weighted mean, which accounts for values having different levels of importance by multiplying each value by its weight. 3. The median, which is the middle value when data is arranged in order. 4. The mode, which is the most frequent value. 5. The midrange, which is a rough estimate of the middle, calculated as the average of the lowest and highest values.

Uploaded by

ALLYSON BURAGA
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ICTE 1043

Statistical Analysis with Software Application


Week 5
Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Recognize and describe the measures of central tendency.


2. Calculate the measures of the center of data.
3. Apply the concept of measures of central tendency to real life situations.
4. Conduct univariate analyses using statistical software or other tools
The Mean

Mean of Grouped data


∑(𝑥·𝑓)
𝑥ҧ = 𝑛
; 𝑛 = ∑𝑓

where x and f are midpoints and frequencies of a class, respectively


Finding the Mean of a Frequency Distribution

In Words In Symbols
lower limit + upper limit
1. Find the midpoint of each class x=
2
2. Find the sum of the products of the
∑(𝑥 · 𝑓)
midpoints and the frequencies

3. Find the sum of the frequencies. 𝑛 = ∑𝑓

∑(𝑥·𝑓)
4. Find the mean of the frequency distribution. 𝑥ҧ = 𝑛
Example 1 : Find the mean of a frequency distribution

Class Midpoint Frequency, f


Use the frequency 7 – 18 12.5 6
distribution to
19 – 30 24.5 10
approximate the mean
number of minutes that a 31 – 42 36.5 13
sample of Internet
43 – 54 48.5 8
subscribers spent online
during their most recent 55 – 66 60.5 5
session.
67 – 78 72.5 6
79 – 90 84.5 2
Solution:

Class Midpoint, x Frequency, f (x ∙ f)


7 – 18 12.5 6 12.5 ∙ 6 = 75.0
19 – 30 24.5 10 24.5 ∙ 10 = 245.0
31 – 42 36.5 13 36.5 ∙ 13 = 474.5
43 – 54 48.5 8 48.5 ∙ 8 = 388.0
55 – 66 60.5 5 60.5 ∙ 5 = 302.5
67 – 78 72.5 6 72.5 ∙ 6 = 435.0
79 – 90 84.5 2 84.5 ∙ 2 = 169.0
n = 50 Σ(x ∙ f) = 2089.0
Solution:

∑(𝑥 · 𝑓)
𝑥ҧ =
𝑛
2089
𝑥ҧ =
50
𝑥ҧ ≈ 41.8 minutes

The sample of Internet subscribers spent an average of 41.8 minutes online during
their most recent session.
The Weighted Mean

The mean of a data set whose entries have varying weights is


.
∑(𝑥·𝑤)
𝑥ҧ = ∑𝑤

where w is the weight of each entry x.


Example 2 : Finding a Weighted Mean

You are taking a class in which your grade is determined from five sources: 50%
from your test mean, 15% from your midterm, 20% from your final exam, 10%
from your computer lab work, and 5% from your homework. Your scores are 86
(test mean), 96 (midterm), 82 (final exam), 98 (computer lab), and 100
(homework). What is the weighted mean of your scores? If the minimum average
for an A is 90, did you get an A?
Solution:

Source Score, x Weight, w x∙w


Test Mean 86 0.50 86(0.50) = 43.0
Midterm 96 0.15 96(0.15) = 14.4
Final Exam 82 0.20 82(0.20) = 16.4
Computer Lab 98 0.10 98(0.10) = 9.8
Homework 100 0.05 100(0.05) = 5.0
Σw = 1 Σ(x ∙ w) = 88.6
Solution:

∑(𝑥·𝑤)
𝑥ҧ = ∑𝑤

88.6
𝑥ҧ =
1
𝑥ҧ = 88.6

Your weighted mean for the course is 88.6. You did not get an A.
The Median

Median of Grouped Data


n
− 𝑐𝑓
Median: 𝑥෤ = 2 𝑤 + 𝐿𝑚𝑑
𝑓
where:
n = sum of frequencies
cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceding/before the median class
f = frequency of the median class
w = class width
𝐿𝑚𝑑 = lower boundary of the median class
The Median

Steps in Finding the Median of a Frequency Distribution


1. Make a table of cumulative frequency
2. Divide n, number of frequency by 2, to get the halfway point.
3. Locate the median class in the cumulative frequency column.
4. Substitute values in the formula.
Example 3: Find the Median for the Frequency Distribution

Frequency
Class Boundaries
f
52.5 – 63.5 6
63.5 – 74.5 12
74.5 – 85.5 25
85.5 – 96.5 18
96.5 – 107.5 14
107.5 – 118.5 5
Solution:
Step 1: Make a table for the cumulative frequency

Frequency Cumulative Frequency


Class Boundaries
f (cf)
52.5 – 63.5 6 6
63.5 – 74.5 12 18
74.5 – 85.5 25 43
85.5 – 96.5 18 61
96.5 – 107.5 14 75
107.5 – 118.5 5 80
Solution:
Step 2: Divide n = 80 by 2 to get the halfway point, which is 40.
Step 3: Find the class that contains the 40th value by using the cumulative frequency
distribution table. Since 40 is less than 43, then the median class is the third class.
Solution:

Step 4 : Using the formula,


n − 𝑐𝑓
𝑥෤ = 2 𝑤 + 𝐿𝑚𝑑
𝑓
80
− 18
𝑥෤ = 2 11 + 74.5
25
𝑥෤ = 84.18 hours
The median is 84.18 hours.
The Mode

The mode for grouped data is the modal class. The MODAL CLASS is the class with
largest frequency.

Mode of Grouped Data

d1
Mode: xො = LMo + w
d1 +d2
where
𝐿𝑀𝑜 = lower boundary of the modal class
w = class width
𝑑1 = difference of the frequency of the modal class and the class before it.
𝑑2 = difference of the frequency of the modal class and the class after it.
Example 4 : Finding the Mode

From the data in Example 3, the class with the largest frequency is the third class.

Solution:

Class Boundaries Frequency (f ) Frequency BEFORE


52.5 – 63.5 6 the Modal Class
63.5 – 74.5 12
74.5 – 85.5 25 Modal Class
85.5 – 96.5 18
96.5 – 107.5 14 Frequency AFTER
the Modal Class
107.5 – 118.5 5
Finding the Mode

Using the formula,


𝑑1
ෝ = 𝐿𝑀𝑜 +
𝒙 𝑤
𝑑1 +𝑑2
13
𝒙 = 74.5 + 13 + 7
ෝ 11

𝑥ො = 81.65
The Midrange

This is a rough estimate of the middle. It is found by getting the average of


the lowest and highest values of the data.

lowest value + highest value


Midrange MR =
2
Example 5 : Finding the Midrange

The calories per serving of 11 fruit juices are as follows:

150 110 100 35 60 130 40 140 120 160 110

Determine the midrange.


Solution:
The midrange is the sum of the lowest value, 35, and the highest value,160. Then
these are divided by 2.
35 + 160
MR = = 97.5
2
Assessment 4

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