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Quick Start Checklist

Song Meter SM4

BIOACOUSTICS RECORDER

User Guide
Last updated on August 1, 2019.
 CONTENTS

1 Quick Start Checklist 1

2 Overview 2
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 2
2.2 Visual Tour ............................................................................................ 3
2.3 The Main Menu ..................................................................................... 4

3 Setup and Installation 5

3.1 Opening the Recorder ........................................................................... 5
3.2 Turning Power On and Off ..................................................................... 6
3.3 Installing Internal Batteries ................................................................... 7
3.4 Connecting External Power ................................................................... 7
3.5 Inserting SD Memory Cards ................................................................... 8
3.6 Connecting and Mounting External Microphones .................................. 9
3.7 Replacing a Built-in Microphone .......................................................... 11
3.8 Connecting the GPS Accessory ............................................................. 12
3.9 Securing the Recorder ......................................................................... 13
3.10 Locking the Keypad ............................................................................. 14
3.11 Mounting the Recorder ....................................................................... 15
3.12 Replacing the Clock Battery ................................................................. 16
3.13 Reading the Recorder Temperature ..................................................... 16

4 Settings 17
4.1 Navigating the Menus ......................................................................... 17
4.2 Setting the Date and Time ................................................................... 17
4.3 Setting the Prefix for Recorded Files .................................................... 18
4.4 Setting the Location and Time Zone..................................................... 18
4.5 Setting the Solar Calculation Method .................................................. 19
4.6 Audio Settings ..................................................................................... 20
4.7 Setting a Delayed Start ........................................................................ 22
4.8 Setting the LED Indicator Mode ........................................................... 23
4.9 Advanced Settings ............................................................................... 23

5 Making Scheduled Recordings 25

5.1 Recording Operation Overview ........................................................... 25
5.2 Using a Quick Start Schedule ............................................................... 25
5.3 The Recording Screens ........................................................................ 27
5.4 Checking the Status of the Recorder .................................................... 28
5.5 Monitoring Live Audio with Headphones............................................. 28
5.6 Stopping a Recording Schedule............................................................ 29
5.7 Making an Instant Recording ............................................................... 29

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide Contents

5.8 Retrieving and Viewing Recordings...................................................... 30

5.9 Kaleidoscope Software ........................................................................ 30
5.10 Analyzing Recordings with Kaleidoscope Pro’s Cluster Analysis ........... 31
5.11 Recording Files .................................................................................... 31
5.12 Recording Metadata ............................................................................ 31
5.13 Recording Summary Text File .............................................................. 32

6 Creating Custom Simple Schedules 34

6.1 Schedule Blocks ................................................................................... 34
6.2 Editing a Schedule ............................................................................... 35
6.3 Adding or Deleting Schedule Blocks ..................................................... 36
6.4 Schedule Block Examples..................................................................... 37

7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules 40

7.1 Creating and Editing an Advanced Schedule ........................................ 40
7.2 Using Loops ......................................................................................... 41
7.3 Advanced Schedule Commands ........................................................... 41
7.4 How to Work with the Schedule Checker ............................................. 43
7.5 How to Resolve Schedule Checker Errors ............................................. 44

8 Importing and Exporting Schedules 45

8.1 SM4 Configurator Software ................................................................. 45
8.2 Importing a Schedule .......................................................................... 45
8.3 Exporting a Schedule ........................................................................... 46

9 Utilities 47
9.1 Exporting Diagnostics .......................................................................... 47
9.2 Resetting to Factory Default Settings................................................... 47
9.3 Testing Microphones’ Sensitivity with the Calibrate Utility ................. 47
9.4 Formatting SD Memory Cards.............................................................. 48
9.5 Updating the Firmware ....................................................................... 49

10 Specifications 50
10.1 Physical ............................................................................................... 50
10.2 Power ................................................................................................. 51
10.3 SD Memory Cards ................................................................................ 51
10.4 Audio .................................................................................................. 51
10.5 Microphones ....................................................................................... 52

11 Warranty and Disclosures 54

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page iii

Revised and Translated User Guides
This guide is regularly updated and improved. New versions can be
downloaded from http://www.wildlifeacoustics.com/support/documentation.
It is also available from the same webpage in Spanish, French, German,
Chinese and Japanese translations.

Tutorial Videos
Visit http://www.wildlifeacoustics.com/support/tutorial-videos to view tutorial
videos for the SM4.

Contacting Support
For issues or questions not addressed in this guide, contact the Wildlife
Acoustics Support Team:
■ Email: support2019@wildlifeacoustics.com
■ North America (toll-free): 1-888-733-0200
■ Outside North America: US+1 978-369-5225 (Toll charges may apply.)

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page iv

1 Quick Start Checklist
q Release the side latch, open the security cover, and then open the middle
section to access the battery bay. Check that the gasket is undamaged and
free of debris that will interfere with the seal.
q Install four (4) new alkaline or NiMH D batteries. Close the middle section. To
use external batteries, see Connecting External Power in Chapter 3.
q Insert one SD memory card in slot A and an optional second card in slot B.
q Reformat card(s) using the built in format utility (see Formatting SD Memory
Cards in the Utilities Chapter).
q Slide the power switch down to INT for internal battery power. The recorder
powers on and the main menu appears on the display. (If using an external
power source, slide the switch up to EXT.)
q Press CHECK STATUS to verify the time, microphone, SD memory cards,
battery voltage, temperature, and firmware version.
q Check Wildlife Acoustics’ website for new firmware and update if necessary
(see section 9.5).
q Use the keypad to select Quick Start and choose a recording schedule.
q Navigate to Main Menu > Settings to set the time and date. For schedules
that start or end at times relative to sunrise or sunset (for example, Record
Sunrise ® Set), you must also set the latitude and longitude and time zone.
Alternatively, temporarily attach the available GPS accessory to auto-set, the
location, date, and; however, you must manually set the time zone. It is not set
by the GPS and must be set prior to plugging in the GPS for the recorder to
correctly calculate local time from GPS time.
q Press the SCHEDULE START button. The schedule begins:
■ The SM4 sleeps (display goes blank) to conserve battery power if a
recording is not scheduled in the next 45 seconds.
■ The SM4 wakes (display illuminates) at the next scheduled recording start
time and saves recordings to the SD memory card(s).
q Close the security cover and latch. To secure the recorder, attach an optional
lock. Mount the recorder in a suitable location and leave.
q When the deployment ends, press and hold SCHEDULE STOP to finish
recording. Eject the SD memory card(s) and review the recordings.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 2 Overview

2 Overview
2.1 Introduction
The latest generation in the Song Meter series, the SM4 is a weatherproof,
programmable audio recorder designed for the periodic, seasonal, and long-
term monitoring of wildlife bioacoustics in almost any environmental
condition.
You can schedule daily recordings to meet a variety of needs including times
that are relative to sunrise and sunset, specific duty cycles with on/off
recording patterns, and continuous monitoring all day and all night. The SM4
optimizes battery life and memory capacity to record for extended periods of
time. Using both memory slots and new alkaline batteries, a typical
deployment can record for up to 400 hours spanning several months.

Features
■ Lightweight, portable, and completely weatherproof
■ Two (2) built-in low noise microphones for two-channel stereo sound (built-
in microphones can also easily be replaced, if necessary)
■ Supports one or two standard SDHC or SDXC memory cards
■ Weatherproof keypad and backlit display for easy entry and status
■ LED indicator provides recording and sleep mode feedback
■ Integrated top and bottom mounting flanges are designed to work with
cable locks, screws, radiator clamps, bungee cords, and other fasteners
■ Easy to set up and use with convenient Quick Start daily recording
schedules and one-touch start
■ Advanced Schedule mode allows creation of more advanced schedules
■ Customize schedules and estimate impacts on SD memory cards and
battery life with the free SM4 Configurator software
■ One-touch status check shows memory card utilization, battery voltage,
and other recorder health information without interrupting recordings
■ External power option using an SM3/SM4 power cable (sold separately)
■ Self-generated diagnostics assist in basic troubleshooting
■ Internal temperature and battery voltage logging
■ Headphone port for real-time monitoring and system verification
■ Optional GPS accessory automatically sets the date, time, latitude, and
longitude and logs recording coordinates

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 2 Overview

2.2 Visual Tour

Power Switch
Display Built-in
Security Cover Microphone
Latch
Memory Slot A
Lock Ring
Memory Slot B
GPS Connection
LED Indicator
Pressure Vent
Keypad
Headphone Jack
Mounting Flange

ITEM: DESCRIPTION:
Display Backlit screen displays all main menu items, settings,
values, message prompts, and status information.
Security Cover Protects the recorder. The cover swings open/closed and can
be secured with a standard lock (sold separately).
Latch Grip and pull to open the security cover. To close, push
the security cover down until the latch clicks.
LED Status Indicator Flashes green once a second when recording.
Keypad Press the keypad buttons to navigate the menus and
options on the display. Buttons include ▲Up or ▼Down,
◄Left or ►Right, ENTER, SCHEDULE START, SCHEDULE STOP,
and CHECK STATUS.
Mounting Flanges Rugged and ready for almost any environment. Use the top
and bottom cutouts to mount the recorder.
Power Switch Slide down to turn power on using internal battery (INT).
Slide up to use optional external power (EXT) or to turn
off (if no external power).
Built-in Microphone On left and right, integrated replaceable low-noise
stereo microphones.
Memory Slots A and B Insert removable SD memory cards to store recordings.
Lock Ring Insert the shackle of an optional key or combination lock
to secure your recorder.
GPS Connection Use the available GPS option to automatically set the
date, time, and location settings.
Pressure Vent Temperature, UV, and water-resistant vent and a self-
regenerating desiccant packet control humidity and
prevent condensation. 

Headphone Jack Connect headphones and press ENTER to listen to real-time
audio as it is recorded.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 2 Overview

2.3 The Main Menu

Refer to the following table when navigating the main menu on the display.
Menu Item Description
Quick Start
Record Always Records continuously 24 hours a day.
Record 30on & 30off Repeats an hourly duty cycle made up of 30 minutes of
recording followed by 30 minutes of sleep.
Record 5on & 55off Repeats an hourly duty cycle made up of 5 minutes of
recording followed by 55 minutes of sleep.
Record Sunrise®Set Based on your location, date, and sunrise/sunset
settings, records continuously from sunrise until sunset.
Record Dawn & Dusk Based on your location, date, and sunrise/sunset
settings, records 2 hours centered at sunrise and 2 hours
centered at sunset.
Settings
Audio Configure audio settings for recordings.
Date and Time Set the local date and time for your recorder.
Location Set the recorder prefix ID and the latitude, longitude,
and time zone for your location.
Sunrise/Sunset Type Set the method used to calculate the sunrise and sunset
times. Choices include astronomical, civil, or nautical
twilights or the actual sunrise/set times.
Delay Start Delays the start of your daily schedule until 00:00 on a
specified date.
LED Indicator Choose to display LED indicators always or only for the
first several minutes after you start the schedule.
Advanced Settings for advanced users.
Schedule
Edit Schedule Add, modify, or delete schedule blocks.
Import Sched+Setts Import a schedule and settings from an SD card.
Export Sched+Setts Export the current schedule and settings to an SD card.
Utilities
Export Diagnostics Save status and troubleshooting information to an SD card
to send to the Wildlife Acoustics Support Team.
Set factory default Restore the original recorder settings to their factory-
fresh values and revert to a like-new state.
CAUTION: Any custom schedules or settings are replaced.
Calibrate Mic Test the sensitivity levels of built-in or connected
microphones with a third-party external calibrator and
enter the sensitivity so that it is stored in the
recording’s meta-data.
Format all cards Erase and reformat the SD memory cards.
CAUTION: All data on the cards is permanently lost.
Firmware Update Update the recorder with a new firmware file that you
download to an SD memory card.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

3 Setup and Installation

3.1 Opening the Recorder
When instructed by the procedures in this guide to open the recorder,
follow the steps below.

1. Locate the handle for the security cover on the front right side of the recorder
as shown.
2. Grip the handle and lightly pull it to release the latch. The cover flips open and
rotates along its hinged spine like a book, exposing the display and keypad in
the middle section. At this point, you can insert memory cards, adjust the
power switch, and connect an optional GPS or headphones. Continue with the
next step only when you are installing batteries, or replacing a built-in
microphone.
3. Press the small circular indentation between SD memory card slots A and B
with your thumb to release the middle section. If it is difficult to release the
section, press down closer to the gasket seam. This section swings open
exposing the battery bay.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

To close the cover, reverse the steps:

NOTE: Before deployment, examine the black rubber gaskets around the edge of the front
and back of the control panel. The gasket should be free of debris and tears. Note that
exposure to unusually high levels of UV exposure can soften or degrade the rubber.
Consider covering the SM4's gasket with some opaque tape or cloth to extend life. DEET,
a common ingredient in insect repellant, is known to degrade the plastic used in the SM4's
enclosure. Replacement gaskets are easy to install and can be ordered by contacting our
sales team.

1. Gently and firmly push the middle section (display and keypad) down until it
snaps into place.
NOTE: Be sure the large black inline connectors above the D batteries are well seated in
the channel or the can get lodged between the battery case and the middle section and
prevent proper closing.

2. Gently and firmly push the security cover

down until it snaps into place.
3. Align the security cover latch with the locking
ring and snap into place.

3.2 Turning Power On and Off

Follow these steps to switch recorder power on and off based on your choice
of internal or external power source. Only one power source (internal or
external) can be active at a time.
1. Open the cover to access the power switch on the side of the middle section
above memory slot A.
2. Slide the switch down to INT to turn power on when using internal batteries;
slide the switch up to EXT to turn power on when connected to an external
battery. Only one power source is used at a time. Whichever position does not
have a battery installed is functionally off.
3. When you want to turn the recorder off to conserve battery power, slide the
switch to the opposite position (EXT when using internal batteries and INT
when using an external battery).
NOTE: Do not turn the power off when a recording is in progress. To safely exit from
recording, press SCHEDULE STOP, allow the recorder to return to the Main Menu, and
then switch the power off. Avoid quickly switching power off and on again (avoid quick
switches between INT and EXT). The recorder can interpret this sudden loss and
restoration of power as an error and may start creating diagnostics.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

3.3 Installing Internal Batteries

The recorder uses four size D alkaline or NiMH batteries.
NOTE: We prefer Energizer brand of alkaline batteries for their superior performance.

The SM4 enters a very low-power sleep state between scheduled recordings
to conserve energy and maximize efficiency for long deployments.
Prior to installation, we recommend that you test all batteries with a high-
quality pulse load battery tester such as the ZTS MINI-MBT.
1. Open the recorder.
2. Insert batteries with their polarity (+/-) orientation as shown on the battery bay
markings.
NOTE: Do not mix batteries of different types, and do not mix old and new batteries.
Remove batteries before storing the recorder for an extended time.

3. Close the middle section and gently press down until it snaps into place.
4. To turn on power, slide the power switch to INT.
5. When not in use, set the power switch to EXT to conserve internal battery
power. Without an external battery source, consider the EXT position to be off.
Only one power source (internal or external) can be active at a time.
TIP: Use the Song Meter SM4 Configurator software to estimate the recording
requirements for your schedules including battery life and memory storage.

3.4 Connecting External Power

With the optional external power cable, the power connector can accept
voltages from 5-17 volts DC. It is intended for 6 or 12-volt external batteries.
CAUTION: If you are unfamiliar with configuring external battery power systems, consult
a local installer for assistance.

1. Each power cable is shipped with a snap-on ferrite to meet standards limiting
electromagnetic emissions and
protecting against electrostatic
discharge. Install the ferrite near the
end of the cable as close to the
recorder as possible.
2. Loop the cable through and snap
the ferrite shut. A zip tie is included
for further securing the ferrite. The
image shows the ferrite as shipped
(right) and as installed (left).

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

3. Align and seat the cable into the EXT POWER port on the side of the recorder.
Turn the grey locking ring (black on older SM3 cables) clockwise P firmly until
it stops and locks into place.

4. The external power cable includes F2-size spade connectors and ring
terminals. Connect the cable to a 6 or 12-volt battery using one of the
connectors provided. The SM4 provides protection against accidental reverse
polarity connections.
5. Open the security cover and slide the power switch up to EXT.
6. (Optional) Set a minimum voltage to prevent damage to lead-acid batteries
that are not designed for deep discharge.
7. When not in use, set the power switch down to INT to conserve external
battery power. With no internal batteries installed, consider the INT position to
be off. Only one power source can be active at a time.

3.5 Inserting SD Memory Cards

The SM4 saves recordings to one or two SD memory cards installed in the
memory card slots.
NOTE: We prefer the SanDisk brand of memory cards for their superior performance.

The following table shows the stereo recording capacity in hours for each
card size by sampling rate to help you choose the right memory card size:
SD Card (GB) 8,000 12,000 16,000 22,050 24,000 32,000 44,100 48,000 96,000
16 139 93 69 50 46 35 25 23 12
32 278 185 139 101 93 69 50 46 23
64 556 370 278 202 185 139 101 93 46
128 1,111 741 556 403 370 278 202 185 93
256 2,222 1,481 1,111 806 741 556 403 370 185
512 4,444 2,963 2,222 1,612 1,481 1,111 806 741 370

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

NOTE: The above table shows recording capacity for uncompressed WAV recordings.
Three levels of compression can be set in the Audio Settings menus that will significantly
increase these times. More information can be found in the Audio Settings section 4.6 of
this guide.

1. Open the security cover and locate

memory slots A and B on the side
below the power switch.
2. Insert one required SD memory card in
slot A or B. Push the card straight in until
it clicks into place. Make sure the
small read/write switch on the card is set
to allow write access.
3. (Optional) To extend deployments, or to
have a redundant card in case there is an issue with the first, insert a second
SD memory card in the remaining slot.
NOTE: You can use slot A, slot B, or both for recording; however, when importing and
exporting schedules or updating the firmware you must use slot A.

4. Reformat card(s) using the built-in format utility (see Formatting SD Memory
Cards in the Utilities Chapter).
5. Press Check Status and verify that the card is shown with an appropriate
capacity.
6. To remove a card when recording is completed, push it in and release it. The
spring-loaded slot ejects your card so you can pull it away.
NOTE: Do not remove SD memory cards while the SM4 is recording. This could corrupt
the card.

3.6 Connecting and Mounting External Microphones

Instead of using the built-in microphones, you can connect one or two
external SMM-A2 microphones (sold separately). When one or more external
microphones are connected, they automatically disconnect the internal
microphone for that channel (s). The two microphone connectors for
channels 0 and 1 mate with our weatherproof acoustic microphones or an
extension cable.
The cabled SMM-A2 acoustic microphone is completely weatherproof when
installed correctly. It features a hydrophobic membrane transparent to
acoustic signals to prevent unpressurized water from entering the
microphone and a windscreen to which provides a critical second layer of
protection to absorb the impact of wind-blown rain so that only
unpressurized water reaches the membrane. We also recommend positioning

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

the microphone so that it is aimed slightly downward or lower to further

minimize water entry.
The SMM-A2 can be deployed up to 100m away from the recorder. Cables
are available in 3, 10, and 50-meter lengths and can be interconnected to
form other lengths.
1. Each extension cable is shipped with a snap-on ferrite required to meet legal
requirements for limiting electromagnetic emissions and for immunity from
electrostatic discharge. Install the ferrite near the end of the cable as close to
the recorder as possible. Loop the cable through and snap the ferrite shut. A
zip tie is included for further securing the ferrite. The image below shows the
ferrite as shipped (right) and as installed (left).

2. Align and seat the cable(s) into the keyed connector ports.
3. Turn the grey locking ring (black on older SM3 cables) on the microphone or
cable clockwise P firmly until it stops and locks into place.
4. Replace the windscreen when the foam begins to break down and flake. With
normal outdoor use over time, the foam windscreen fades to brown; however,
color degradation does not indicate a loss of integrity.

Avoid Microphone Damage from Electrical Discharge

Mounting microphones high off the ground, especially in dry or windy
conditions, could result in microphone damage from electro-static build-up.
We recommend checking with a professional licensed electrician or installer
with experience in outdoor antennas or weather instruments for advice
suitable to your situation. Here are some tips to avoid damage:
■ Avoid mounting microphones on tall plastic masts including those made of
fiberglass or nylon for deployments in dry conditions. A breeze flowing over the
plastic mast can build up a sizeable electrical charge much like rubbing a
balloon. Eventually, the electric charge will be strong enough to discharge with
an attraction to the mass of metal in the cable resulting in a spark that could
damage the microphone. Wood or metal masts will mitigate this problem.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation
■ If the best path to ground is through the microphone and/or SM4BAT then the
microphone and/or the recorder could be severely damaged. To protect against
this, you need to create a better and safer alternate path to ground, much the
way a lightning rod on a house functions. One way to do this is to use a pipe
clamp to clamp a heavy gauge (12 AWG) wire from the microphone to ground
by securing the other end of the wire to the metal frame of a grounded tower
structure, or securing the wire to a metal pipe planted 2 meters into the earth.
The connections must be electrically strong with low resistance.
■ See section below on how to protect the recorder using the available Song
Meter Surge Suppressor.

Avoid Recorder Damage from Electrical Discharge

The Song Meter Surge Suppressor
protects the recorder from power
surges from electrostatic discharge
or electrical storm activity that could
come down the microphone cable
and damage the recorder. This
accessory should be used wherever
microphones are mounted at
elevation. The Surge Suppressor is
installed between a microphone
cable and the recorder and includes
a grounding attachment which is
connected to a good earth ground.
This ensures that an electric surge travelling down the microphone cable is
shunted to ground before damaging the recorder.

3.7 Replacing a Built-in Microphone

The built-in microphones are easily replaceable should they become
damaged. Replacement microphones are sold with a new windscreen and O-
ring seal.
1. Open the recorder.
2. Firmly grasp both sides of the inline
connector located above the battery bay
and pull the connector from the socket. Do
not pull on the wires, only the connector.
3. Remove the windscreen from the
damaged microphone.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

4. Loosen the microphone from the outside, turning it Q counter-clockwise. If the

microphone is too tight to loosen by hand, use a 5/8-inch wrench. Remove the
microphone (left).

5. Push the connector for the new microphone through the hole (right).
6. Carefully engage the threads on the new microphone and hand tighten P
clockwise a few rotations.
7. Use a 5/8-inch wrench to finish tightening until snug. The flat of the
microphone should touch the housing. Do not over-tighten.
8. Plug the inline connector into the socket.
9. Install the windscreen.
10. Test the new microphone to ensure it is working correctly.

3.8 Connecting the GPS Accessory

The optional GPS accessory automatically sets the date, time, latitude, and
longitude of the recorder. If you have several SM4 recorders to deploy in the
field, you can use a single GPS accessory to set them up.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Location > Timezone and set the time
zone. The GPS does not set the time zone.
NOTE: The time zone must be set prior to using the available GPS accessory to
automatically set the correct time. The SM4 adjusts the time from the GPS based on the
time zone setting and sets the recorder’s clock after this calculation. If you change the time
zone after the clock has been set, this automatic adjustment does not take place and the
clock will not be set correctly.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

2. Open the security cover and plug the

GPS cable into the GPS port on the
side of the recorder.
3. The recorder automatically detects the
presence of the GPS. When the
recorder wakes up, the GPS is
powered up.
4. Wait for the GPS to communicate with
the satellites.
a. A few seconds after connecting the GPS Accessory, the GPS status is
shown on the top right of all menu screens. When the GPS has
successfully communicated with the satellites, the status changes from
asterisks to FIX.
b. Or, on the CHECK STATUS screen, a question mark (?) appears between
the date and time to indicate that the GPS accessory is attempting to
acquire satellite data.
5. When the GPS has successfully acquired satellite data, the question mark (?)
changes to a number sign (#) and the location, date, and time are
automatically set. Coordinates are given in decimal degrees and use the WGS-
84 coordinate system.
NOTE: The Location Settings coordinates as seen on the display in the main menu are
read-only when the GPS is attached. You cannot change them.

6. Disconnect the GPS. The available GPS accessory consumes about 90 mA of

additional current—more than four times the current of the recorder itself. For
passive recording, we recommend that you use the GPS to automatically set
the clock and location at the beginning of the deployment but do not keep it
attached for the duration of the deployment.
NOTE: If you are still prompted for latitude and longitude when starting a schedule, it most
likely means the GPS accessory does not yet have a fix. Be aware that it can be difficult to
acquire a GPS signal in thick vegetation. Also note that the GPS cannot be used for
precision time synchronization on the SM4 as it can on the SM3.

3.9 Securing the Recorder

Close the cover to protect the recorder from environmental conditions. To
secure the recorder with a standard key or combination lock, press the latch
down and insert the lock shackle through the lock ring.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

The following requirements apply to the size of the lock and assure that the
security door cannot be opened or cracked:
Minimum: Maximum:
Shackle Diameter 1/8 inch (3 mm) 3/8 inch (9 mm)
Vertical Clearance 5/8 inch (16 mm) 1.0 inch (25 mm)
Horizontal Clearance 1/2 inch (13 mm) 1.0 inch (25 mm)

NOTE: The lock should be rated for outdoor use.

3.10 Locking the Keypad

For large scale projects, it is occasionally desirable to lock down the SM4
such that only authorized personnel are able to modify the configuration.
This can prevent modifications by someone who may inadvertently put
deployments at risk by making changes without understanding their
consequences.
The SM4 Configurator software can be used to export an .SM4S configuration
file that will require a user-selectable 4-digit code to change any settings on
the recorder. The user can still navigate through all the menus and screens.
However, any attempt to change configuration settings or the clock will fail
with an error. The time and GPS coordinates may still be set/updated by
plugging in the GPS accessory.
NOTE: This is not a cryptographic solution but the level of security is sufficient to prevent
the casual user from changing configuration settings that could impact the success of a
deployment.

A locked recorder will show [LOCKED] in the lower right corner of the Main
Menu.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

Use the steps below in the SM4 Configuration Utility to lock or unlock a
recorder.
1. Configure your schedule and settings as normal in the SM4 Configuration
program.
2. Save the .SM4S configuration file using the menu selection "File->Save with
lock/unlock code...". The user is prompted to enter a 4-digit code and indicate if
the configuration is to be locked or unlocked.
3. When the .SM4S configuration file is imported into the SM4 from
the "Schedule->Import Sched+Setts" menu, the recorder will be in one of the
following states depending on whether the recorder was locked or unlocked
and if the .SM4S is locked with a code or not:
a. If the SM4 was unlocked and the .SM4S file is locked with a code, the
SM4 configuration will be updated and locked with the code. The user
will first be prompted to make sure they understand that the
configuration will be locked.
b. If the SM4 was locked, and the .SM4S file is unlocked with a matching
code, the SM4 configuration will be updated and unlocked. This is
how an SM4 can be returned to an unlocked state.
c. If the SM4 was locked, and the .SM4S file is locked with a matching
code, the SM4 configuration will be updated and the SM4 remains
locked with the code. This is how a locked configuration can be
updated with a new locked configuration.
d. If the SM4 was locked, and the .SM4S does not contain a matching
code, then the import will fail with an appropriate error.
WARNING: Once the recorder has been locked, it cannot be unlocked without the proper
code except by contacting Wildlife Acoustics Support.

3.11 Mounting the Recorder

Use the holes in the top and bottom
mounting bracket for mounting the
recorder with cable locks, screws,
radiator clamps, bungee cords, or
other fasteners. The enclosure is fully
weatherproof and does not require
additional protection.

NOTE: Do not mount the recorder using a cable lock or other nonflexible cord to a growing
tree. Circumferential growth could cause the cable to warp or break the recorder’s
mounting bracket. The tree won’t like it either.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 3 Setup and Installation

3.12 Replacing the Clock Battery

A separate button cell CR2032 lithium battery maintains real-time clock
settings when the four main D batteries are being exchanged or are no
longer operational. The included battery should last up to 3 years. Use the
steps below to replace the internal clock battery.
1. Open the security cover and the
middle section to access the
battery bay.
2. Locate the circular CLOCK
BATTERY bay behind the
display and keypad opposite the
main battery bay.
3. Gently insert a flathead
screwdriver to pry the old battery out.
4. Slide a new battery under the two pins on the top side
with the CR2032 lettering facing you.
5. Push down on the lower side until you feel the battery seat.

3.13 Reading the Recorder Temperature

The recorder includes an integrated temperature sensor to log temperatures
inside the enclosure. This is intended for diagnostics only. Heat from the
electronics and/or sunlight on the enclosure can significantly increase the
temperature reading above ambient air conditions.
Press the CHECK STATUS button to view the current temperature reading.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 4 Settings

4 Settings
4.1 Navigating the Menus
To navigate the main menu, select items, and configure the values for various
settings, use the following basic steps. All procedures in this guide assume
you are familiar with these steps.
1. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down and ENTER to navigate any menu.
For example, navigate to Main Menu > Settings > LED Indicator.
2. Press ENTER or ► Right to select menu items and continue to the next
editable item. ENTER and ► Right are interchangeable in the menus with the
exception of the line where schedule blocks are added and deleted.
3. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to select values.
Tip: To accelerate the pace when selecting higher or lower values, press and continue to
hold down the ▲ Up or ▼ Down arrow buttons.

4. Press ENTER or ► Right to save your edits.

5. Repeat these steps as required. The exact buttons you press may vary by
setting and parameter.
6. Press ◄ Left to exit a line without saving and return to the previous menu.
TIP: For improved visibility in low-light environments, press any button on the keypad to
illuminate the display. The backlight remains lit while you continue operating the recorder
and turns itself off after 30 seconds of inactivity.

4.2 Setting the Date and Time

Follow these steps to set the date and time manually unless you are using the
available GPS accessory to automatically set the current date and time.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Date and Time.
The date and time appear on one line in the following format:
YYYY-MMM-DD HH:MM:SS
2017-Oct-22 20:17:45

2. Press ► Right to set the date (year, month, and calendar day). As you adjust
the month and day, the corresponding sunrise and sunset times appear
(according to the Sunrise/Sunset Type setting) for that date.
3. Press ► Right to set the time (hours, minutes, and seconds).
4. To adjust any value, press ▲ Up or ▼ Down.
5. Press ENTER when finished.

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NOTE: The recorder does not automatically adjust for Daylight Saving Time.

4.3 Setting the Prefix for Recorded Files

You can specify a custom filename prefix of up to 12 characters to identify
each recorder. The default prefix combines the model number with the serial
number.
The prefix appears in every recording file name and easily identifies
recordings made on a specific recorder or from a common shared schedule.
Follow these steps to change the recorder prefix:
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Location > Prefix.
2. Specify a 1 to 12-character prefix from left to right:
a. At the first position, press ▲ Up to cycle through the alphabetic
characters A to Z. Press ▼ Down to cycle through the numbers 9 to 0.
You can also select a hyphen (it is above the digit 9).
b. Press ► Right to advance to the next position in the prefix and repeat
the previous step.
3. To erase characters, select the blank character. It is higher than the hyphen and
lower than the letter A. All of the characters to the right of the blank character
are erased.
4. When finished, press ► Right to advance to the last position and then press
ENTER.
NOTE: The prefix can only contain capital letters, numbers, and hyphens. When you
change the default prefix, the serial number of the recorder no longer appears in the
recording file names; however, it does still appear in the metadata inside the file.

4.4 Setting the Location and Time Zone

You must manually set these parameters if you are not using the available
GPS accessory to automatically set the latitude and longitude. The time zone
cannot be set automatically by the GPS and must be set manually.
NOTE: The time zone must be set prior to using the available GPS accessory to
automatically set the correct time. The SM4 adjusts the time from the GPS based on the
time zone setting and sets the recorder’s clock after this calculation. If you change the time
zone after the clock has been set, this automatic adjustment does not take place and the
clock will not be set correctly.

The selections you make for latitude, longitude, and time zone enable the
recorder to determine the specific sunrise and sunset times for each day.

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Specify the local time zone (as used to set the clock) in hours relative to UTC
(Universal Time Coordinated). Exact hour, half, and quarter time zones (:00
:15 :30 :45) are supported.
NOTE: Schedules and settings exported from one recorder and imported on a second
recorder do not overwrite the Prefix, Latitude and Longitude, Time Zone, or Battery
Cutoff settings on the second recorder. Schedules created or edited by the Song Meter
SM4 Configurator software can selectively overwrite any setting upon import.

1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Location > Latitude.

a. To enter degrees of latitude north of the equator, press ▲ Up.
b. To enter degrees of latitude south of the equator, press ▼ Down.
2. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Location > Longitude.
a. To enter degrees of longitude west of the prime meridian, press ▲ Up.
b. To enter degrees of longitude east of the prime meridian, press ▼
Down.
3. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Location > Timezone.
Enter the time zone relative to UTC.
NOTE: The recorder does not automatically adjust for Daylight Saving Time.

4.5 Setting the Solar Calculation Method

The SM4 can schedule recordings relative to sunrise and sunset times, and
adjusts these times as they change during the year. You can choose from four
different methods of calculating the sunrise and sunset.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Sunrise/Sunset Type.
2. Select one of the following solar calculation types:
■ sunrise/set: When the sun is just below the horizon.
■ civil: When the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon.
■ nautical: When the sun is 12 degrees below the horizon.
■ astronomical: When the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon.
3. The calculated sunrise and sunset times for the method that you select appear
for at the bottom of the screen.
4. Press ENTER to save your changes.
NOTE: Sunrise and sunset calculations also require other settings including the date and
time, latitude, longitude, and time zone.

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4.6 Audio Settings

When your schedule starts, it applies your current audio settings. When you
import or export a schedule, the settings are included.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Audio.
2. Select an audio setting to adjust its value using the ▲ Up or ▼ Down buttons.
3. Press ENTER to save your changes.
The following sections describe each audio setting.

Channel
Select the audio channel or channels. The left microphone is on channel 0
and the right microphone is on channel 1.
Values: stereo, left, or right
Default: stereo

Left and Right Gain

You can adjust the left or right channel audio gain setting to boost the input
level of the audio signal from the corresponding microphone. The default 16
dB gain is generally a good compromise between having fidelity of weaker
signals while maximizing dynamic range to handle louder signals. A lower
gain setting might be necessary in loud environments to avoid clipping. A
higher gain setting might be necessary if you are trying to analyze very weak
signals.
In addition to this programmable gain setting, the built-in microphones have
a low-noise 26 dB preamplifier gain stage that is discussed in the next
section.
The default setting of 16 dB, when used with built-in microphones and with
the Preamplifier Gain set to 26 dB, is equivalent to 48 dB gain on a Song
Meter SM2 and 24 dB gain on an SM3. In addition, the SMM-A1 microphone
is, on average, 2 dB less sensitive than the built-in microphones or the SMM-
A2, so an additional 2 dB of gain is necessary for equivalence.
Values: 0 to 59.5 dB in 0.5-dB increments
Default: 16 dB

Left and Right Preamplifier Gain

You can set 26 dB of preamplifier gain for the internal microphones. This gain
does not apply to external microphones; the setting will have no effect. The
external microphones have preamplifier gain built in. Preamplifier gain
should generally be on for recording from internal microphones as it is lower

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 4 Settings

noise than the regular gain. Set to off for use with very loud signals that
might otherwise clip, for example calibrating microphones or recording very
loud noises.
Values: off, 26 dB
Default: 26 dB

Left and Right Filter

You can set a left or right channel high-pass filter, which only allows signals
higher than the specified frequency to be recorded. For recording very low
frequency sounds such as elephants, set this to off. Otherwise it is useful for
reducing wind and anthropogenic noise and should be set to at least 220 Hz.
The high-pass filter is a two-pole filter, which attenuates sounds at 12 dB per
octave. For example, if the filter was set to 1 kHz, a 500 Hz sound would be
attenuated by 12 dB as it is one octave lower than the filter’s 1 kHz
frequency. Every 6 dB represents a halving of sound level, so the 500 Hz
sound would appear in the recording at one-fourth of its original amplitude.
Values: off, 220, or 1000 Hz
Default: off
Sample Rate
Your choice of rate determines the number of samples per second used to
make a recording during a recording period. Higher sample rates provide the
ability to record higher frequencies. Choose a sample rate that is at least
double the highest frequency to be recorded.
Values (Hz): 8000, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000, or
96000
Default: 24000 Hz
Max Length
You can specify the maximum length (time duration) of recordings. The
recorder also enforces its own 2.0 GB maximum recording file size. When a
recording reaches either maximum, it ends and a new recording file starts.
NOTE: Back-to-back recordings and recordings that are split when maximum length is
reached may start a few seconds late to allow time for file operations on the SD memory
card. This may result in smaller files than the Max Length setting. For example, a recording
might show a duration of 14:57 even though you set Max Length to 15:00.

Values: 1 minute up to 24 hours in 1-minute increments

Default: 01h: 00m

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NOTE: If the SM4 is set to record continuously with no duty cycle and Max Length is not
divisible into 24 hours, then the last recording of each 24-hour recording period will
truncate. The 24-hour period begins and ends at the time the SCHEDULE START button
was pressed to start the schedule.

Compression
SM4 WAV file compression can be selected to record in a proprietary
compressed W4V format. The W4V format is a WAV file compression
developed specifically for minimizing loss of useful information in
bioacoustics audio recordings while maximizing compression to save on
valuable card space. W4V records the same rich meta-data as when recording
to WAV. There are three compression levels which result in the following
compression:
■ W4V-8: 50% (allows recording twice as long on a given card as compared
to uncompressed WAV)
■ W4V-6: 62.5% (allows recording almost three times as long on a given card
as compared to uncompressed WAV)
■ W4V-4: 75% (allows recording four times as long on a given card as
compared to uncompressed WAV)
The compression algorithm does increase the noise floor of the recording but
for most bioacoustics uses, the difference between an uncompressed WAV
and W4V-8 and W4V-6 will be undetectable since the noise floor in the
recorded environment will be higher than the increased recording noise floor.
W4V-4 will likely cause a slight increase in broadband noise in the
background of the recording. It is best to experiment with your particular
environment to make sure the increased noise is either undetectable or
tolerable.
Wildlife Acoustics’ Kaleidoscope Viewer and Pro software can natively open
the compression formats. The free Kaleidoscope Converter can be used to
convert the files to standard WAV format for use in other software packages.
Additionally, the W4V algorithms are open-source under GPLv3 license.
Please contact us if you are interested in a commercial license.
Values (Hz): none, W4V-8, W4V-6, or W4V-4
Default: none

4.7 Setting a Delayed Start

The Delay Start setting waits until a future date to start your schedule. The
recorder delays the start of the schedule until 00:00 of the specified day.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Delay Start.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 4 Settings

2. Set a future start date and set Enable to yes.

When you start the schedule, a warning reminds you of the delayed start. If
the date is in the past, no warning appears and the schedule starts without
delay.

4.8 Setting the LED Indicator Mode

The LED indicator blinks green once per second when recording. This light is
visible on the front of the recorder even when the security cover is closed.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > LED Indicator.
2. Choose always or 5 minutes only.
When you choose 5 minutes only, the LED only appears for approximately
the first five (5) minutes of recording after you press SCHEDULE START or
CHECK STATUS or until the first time the unit sleeps. This setting minimizes
drawing attention to the recorder and allows you to maintain some level of
camouflage when recorder security or visibility is a concern.

4.9 Advanced Settings

The following describes each advanced setting.

Setting a Minimum External Battery Voltage

You can set a minimum voltage cutoff to help prevent damage to external
lead acid batteries from over-discharge. If the external battery voltage falls
below this cutoff, the schedule is suspended. The SM4 then wakes every 24
hours to check the voltage and resumes the schedule if the voltage is
restored.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Settings > Advanced > Battery Cutoff.
2. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to adjust the power cutoff in volts from 0.0 to 12.0 in
0.1-volt increments.
3. Press ENTER to save your changes.
NOTE: Leave the cutoff value at 0.0 if you are using internal batteries. Any non-zero setting
decreases internal battery life as the recorder prematurely suspends operation. Also use a
setting of 0.0 for external batteries that are designed for deep discharge.

Enter the Microphone Sensitivity

This setting does not affect the recordings and can be ignored if your
analysis does not require knowing exact recoding amplitudes.
This setting allows known microphone sensitivities to be entered, which will
be saved in the recordings’ meta-data for use in noise analysis or for

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 4 Settings

traceability. Use the value determined during the calibration procedure as

described in the Utilities chapter in this guide. If the possible error is
tolerable, the nominal sensitivity of the microphone from the Specification
chapter of this guide could also be used
1. Main Menu > Settings > Advanced
2. For both L (Left) and R (Right) microphone sensitivity settings, select the
desired value by using the ▲ Up or ▼ Down buttons.
3. Press ENTER to save your changes.
Values: +10.0 to -200.0 dB in 0.1 dB increments
Default: 0.0 dB
The sensitivity value entered above, the gain setting, the preamplifier setting
and the full-scale reference of the analog to digital converter are all used to
calculate a correction factor that is stored in the recording’s meta-data. This
correction factor can later be used to calculate sound pressure levels or other
noise calculations from the recordings. In Wildlife Acoustics’ Kaleidoscope
Pro software, this correction factor is automatically used in the Noise Analysis
Module to adjust the reported calculations.
Selecting Schedule Mode
The SM4 can operate in Simple Schedule or Advanced Schedule Modes.
1. Main Menu > Settings > Advanced> Schedule Mode
2. Use the ▲ Up or ▼ Down buttons to toggle between the two modes.
The Simple Schedule Mode is easier to configure but has the limitation of
only being able to perform the same schedule every day. The Advanced
Schedule Mode can be programmed to run different recording schedules on
different days.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 5 Making Scheduled Recordings

5 Making Scheduled Recordings

5.1 Recording Operation Overview
The recording schedule determines when each day the SM4 records and
when it is sleeps while waiting for a recording period. While recording, the
recorder samples audio signals at a specified sample rate and saves WAV files
to SD memory cards.
This chapter guides you in using the Quick Start schedules, and the next two
chapters describe creating your own Simple or Advanced schedule, as well as
importing and exporting schedules.

5.2 Using a Quick Start Schedule

The Quick Start menu includes pre-configured Simple Mode schedules that
satisfy most scheduling requirements. They also serve as excellent starting
points for editing your own schedule if you need something a little different.
Creating custom schedules is described in the next chapter but the remainder
of this chapter should be read first to understand how to run any schedule.
NOTE: It is advised to use the SM4 Configurator software whenever possible to double-
check that the chosen schedule will behave as desired. These same quick start schedules
are available in the Configurator to allow you to easily enter your location and double-
check your schedule on the graphical calendar.

1. Navigate to Main Menu > Quick Start

2. Choose one of the following Quick Start schedules and press ENTER.
Name Definition of schedule
Record Always Records continuously 24 hours a day.
Record 30on & 30off Repeats an hourly duty cycle made up of 30 minutes of
recording followed by 30 minutes of sleep.
Record 5on & 55off Repeats an hourly duty cycle made up of 5 minutes of
recording followed by 55 minutes of sleep.
Record Sunrise®Set Based on your location, date, and sunrise/sunset
settings, records continuously from sunrise until sunset.
Record Dawn & Dusk Based on your location, date, and sunrise/sunset
settings, records 2 hours centered at sunrise and 2 hours
centered at sunset.

NOTE: The Record Always quick start schedule will start at the time the SCHEDULE START
button is pressed to begin the schedule. If you prefer to have recordings start on the hour,
you must set a duty cycle, for example 59 minutes of recording and a 1 minute pause. Duty
cycled recordings will start on the hour. Or use the Delay Start setting to set a future start
date to force the SM4 to start recording at midnight.

3. When you change schedules, the following confirmation message appears:

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 5 Making Scheduled Recordings

Overwrite Schedule?
-No
-Yes

■ Select Yes to continue loading the selected recording schedule. This

overwrites any and all blocks of the existing schedule in the unit with the
built in schedule selected. All other settings are unchanged.
■ Select No to retain the current schedule.

Tip: If you want to save any custom edits or blocks you already made to a schedule, select
No here to go back and export that schedule to a memory card, and then you can choose
a new schedule and select Yes here with confidence knowing your previous schedule was
backed up.

4. Press SCHEDULE START to start the schedule or ◄ Left to return to the Quick
Start menu. The new Quick Start schedule is loaded even if you return to the
menu. See the next chapter for details on running and stopping the schedule.
Tip: The recorder automatically attempts to start the current schedule after three (3)
minutes of inactivity.

5. When you press SCHEDULE START, warning messages may alert you about
needed settings, missing SD memory cards, or incompatible or missing
microphones.
6. Each warning is displayed for several seconds. You can proceed immediately to
the next warning by pressing ▼ Down. After the last warning, the recorder will
attempt to run the schedule.
7. While any warning is being displayed, you can press SCHEDULE STOP or
◄ Left to avoid running the schedule and return immediately to the main
menu. Adjust any settings or hardware configurations to resolve the warnings.
Press SCHEDULE START again when you are ready.
8. One of the following screens appear:
If your schedule records always:
2017-Dec-0510:58:37
Preparing to record
A CONTINUOUS #00001

If your schedule calls for specific start and end times that define a contiguous
recording period, recording within the next 45 seconds, then the first recording
period start and end times are shown:

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 5 Making Scheduled Recordings

2017-Dec-0510:58:37
Preparing to record
A 11:00-17:00 #00002

If you defined a duty cycle that calls for an even smaller segment of recording
time, that time range appears:
2017-Dec-0510:58:37
Preparing to record
A 11:00-11:30 #00003

If the first recording period start time is more than 45 seconds into the future,
then the recorder goes to sleep to conserve power:
2017-Feb-10 11:05:00
Going to sleep until
2017-Feb-10 19:15:00

The recorder wakes up 30 seconds before the next scheduled recording period
so that it is ready to record on time.

5.3 The Recording Screens

While it is recording, the SM4 shows a screen like one of the following:
2017-Apr-25 23:50:48
Currently recording:
A CONTINUOUS #00088
STEREO @SR=48000

2017-Apr-26 09:02:48
Currently recording:
B 09:00-09:30 #00089
STEREO @SR=24000

Both examples show the following details on four (4) lines:

■ Line 1: The current date and time.
■ Line 2: The Currently recording: status message.
■ Line 3: The current card slot that the recorder is writing to (A or B)
followed by the beginning and ending times of the current recording
period or CONTINUOUS if the schedule is set to record all the time (the
Quick Start Record Always schedule for example). On the right side of
the same line is the running count of recording files saved since the
recorder was last powered on.
■ Line 4: The current recording channel and sample rate.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 5 Making Scheduled Recordings

5.4 Checking the Status of the Recorder

We recommend that you perform this procedure to check the status of the
recorder and SD memory cards before every deployment.
1. Press the CHECK STATUS button.
NOTE: When the recorder is sleeping, you must press and hold the button to see status.
First you will see a boot screen and then the “Going to sleep until” screen appears. Another
press of the Check Status button is required to view the Check Status screen shown below.

2. The Check Status screen appears. For example:

2017-Oct-23 9:14:48
R:1.0.0 Mic0:IN 1:A2
SD A: 7/64 B: EMPTY
Bat: 5.2V Temp:17.00
The following status information appears:
■ Line 1: The current date and time.
■ Line 2: The installed firmware version and the currently connected
microphones on channels 0 and 1:
IN: a built-in microphone
A1/A2: an external acoustic microphone
■ Line 3: The consumed memory as a fraction of the total capacity in GB for
the SD memory cards in slots A and B. In this example, 7 GB have already
been used on a 64 GB card in slot A and there is no card in slot B.
NOTE: WP will appear in place of the consumed memory for any card with a write-
protection switch ON.

■ Line 4: The internal battery or external power supply voltage, and the
internal temperature in degrees Celsius.
NOTE: The internal temperature of the recorder is intended for diagnostics and not as an
accurate measurement of outside air temperature.

3. (Optional) You can press the CHECK STATUS button again to return to the
previous screen. The status screen automatically stops appearing after ten (10)
seconds.

5.5 Monitoring Live Audio with Headphones

You can connect headphones to the headphone jack to listen to real-time
audio as it is recorded. Headphone audio can be heard only during a live
recording.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 5 Making Scheduled Recordings

1. Open the security cover and insert the headphone cable into the headphone
jack on the side below the
GPS port.
2. You can start a schedule,
start instant recording
mode (Refer to section 5.7
below), or allow a
currently running schedule
to continue.
3. Press ENTER during a
recording to enable
monitoring on
headphones.
CAUTION: Initial headphone volume may be loud.

4. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to adjust the volume.

5. Press ENTER again to toggle the headphone output on and off. Headphone
sound automatically resets to off when the current recording period ends.

5.6 Stopping a Recording Schedule

When a schedule is running, or scheduled to run, you have the option to stop
it.
1. Press and hold the SCHEDULE STOP button for several seconds.
2. When you stop a running schedule, the current recording is saved to the SD
memory card before it ends.
3. The recorder automatically attempts to resume the current recording schedule
after three (3) minutes of inactivity. When not recording for an extended
period of time, power the recorder off.

5.7 Making an Instant Recording

In addition to running a schedule, you can start an instant recording anytime.
Starting an instant recording is like forcing a record always schedule for 24
hours.
1. Verify the recorder is turned on and displaying the main menu. If the recorder
is sleeping, press and hold SCHEDULE STOP to wake it.
2. Press and hold both the ▲ Up and ▼ Down keys at the same time.
3. After a brief Preparing to record screen, the recorder immediately starts
continuous instant recording.

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2017-Oct-14 14:50:48
Currently recording:
A CONTINUOUS
STEREO @SR24000

4. Press SCHEDULE STOP to stop instant recording. After 24 hours, instant

recording will automatically stop and the current schedule will begin.
NOTE: The length of recordings made during instant recording is dictated by the Max
Length setting in Audio Settings.

5.8 Retrieving and Viewing Recordings

Transfer recordings to your computer by removing the SD memory card (s)
from the recorder and copying the files to your computer using a built-in or
USB memory card reader.
NOTE: If the recorder is left to run until the batteries are mostly depleted, it is possible that
you will find the SD memory card(s) in a DIRTY state. The recordings are fine and can still
be transferred to your computer. Once you have transferred all recordings, clear the DIRTY
state using the built-in formatting utility. see Formatting SD Memory Cards in the Utilities
Chapter for more information. In addition, there will likely be multiple .sm4dump files on
the card as the recorder assumes there is an issue when the power is intermittent. These
can be ignored. It is also possible to get a fatal clock error if the batteries were fully
depleted, this will not persist once batteries are replaced.

The WAV recordings are compatible with all popular audio analysis and
viewing programs as well as Wildlife Acoustics Kaleidoscope software.

5.9 Kaleidoscope Software

Wildlife Acoustics
recommends and
supports our
Kaleidoscope
software, which
allows you to easily
view, search and
classify your
recordings.
Kaleidoscope
Viewer is a free
download and
Kaleidoscope Pro with Cluster Analysis software is available for purchase at
www.wildlifeacoustics.com.

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5.10 Analyzing Recordings with Kaleidoscope Pro’s Cluster Analysis

Kaleidoscope Pro’s
acoustic Cluster Analysis
detects similar
vocalizations in one or
many recordings, and
quickly sorts them into
Clusters. The resulting
Clusters can be quickly
reviewed and labeled to
identify the species
present in the recordings.
Weeks of recordings can
be clustered and reviewed in minutes allowing analysis of enormous
recording collections, which would otherwise be extremely time intensive or
impossible to analyze.
Use the labeled Clusters to create classifiers that can automatically recognize
species of interest in other recordings. These classifiers can be applied in
batch mode to any number of recordings and the classifications easily
reviewed.

5.11 Recording Files

Audio recording files are saved in the Data folder on each SD memory card
and use the following naming convention:
PREFIX_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.wav
PREFIX: The current prefix as set in the location settings.
YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS: The date-time stamp including the year, month,
day, hour, minute, and second when the recording started.
.wav or W4V: The audio file name extension for Waveform Audio File Format
(WAVE) or Wildlife Acoustics’ proprietary compression format.

5.12 Recording Metadata

Values for the attributes listed below are stored as metadata in your
recordings. The Wildlife Acoustics Support Team can use metadata to
troubleshoot issues.

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NOTE: You can open a recording in the SM4 Configurator computer software to view the
schedule and settings used to make the recording.

Device Model: The device model name. For example, SM4.

Device Serial Number: The unique serial number of your recorder.
Firmware Version: The firmware version installed on the recorder.
Prefix: The prefix assigned to the recorder in the location settings.
Timestamp: The date and time when the recording started.
Temperature: The internal temperature of the recorder when the recording
started.
GPS Coordinates: The location of the SM4 when the recording first started.
The file metadata stores the location coordinates that you manually entered
on the recorder as well as the coordinates from the GPS accessory if
attached. Coordinates from the GPS will have the text string WGS84.
Schedule and Settings: The schedule and all settings in use when the
recording was made.

5.13 Recording Summary Text File

Approximately once per minute during a recording, the SM4 appends a line
to the summary text (.txt) file. This file is in comma-separated values (.csv)
format. You can open it in Microsoft Excel, in database software, or in a text
editor. The file begins with a header line which identifies the fields that
appear in each line of summary data:
DATE,TIME,LAT,,LON,,POWER(V),TEMP(C),#FILES,MIC0 TYPE,MIC1 TYPE
Three (3) lines from a sample summary file appear below:
2017-Jan-22,17:15:24,42.00000,N,71.00000,W,5.9,12.00,0,A1
2017-Jan-22,17:16:38,42.20000,N,71.10000,W,5.9,11.75,0,IN
2017-Jan-22,17:17:47,42.35000,N,71.18200,W,5.9,11.75,1,IN
DATE & TIME: The date and time for each entry. This is the time taking into
account the time zone set in the location settings.
LAT & LON: Latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal degrees with
identifiers for north (N), south (S), east (E), and west (W). If the GPS accessory
is installed at the time the log entry is written, the identifiers are capitalized
indicating that the latitude and longitude was written from the GPS using the
WGS-84 coordinate system. If no GPS is attached, the identifiers are lower
case indicating that the coordinates were previously written by GPS or
entered by the user.
POWER(V): The internal battery or external power supply voltage. In the
example, the voltage is 5.9 volts.

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TEMP(C): The temperature in degrees Celsius inside the recorder. In the

example, the internal temperature has fallen from 12.00 to 11.75 degrees.
#FILES: The number of recording files written since the previous summary file
line. Since a new summary line is written one per minute, if your recording is
longer than 1 minute a zero appears on all lines until the recording is
concluded.
MIC0TYPE & MIC1TYPE: The microphone types currently attached to
channels 0 and 1. When an internal mic is used, IN appears. External mic
values include A1 or A2. The underwater variant displays H1 indicating an
attached hydrophone.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 6 Creating Custom Simple Schedules

6 Creating Custom Simple Schedules

In addition to using one of the Quick Start schedules, you can create your
own schedule using the built-in editor, or import a schedule from an SD
memory card made on another recorder or the Song Meter SM4
Configurator software on your computer. You can also export the current
schedule to an SD memory card.
NOTE: It is advised to use the SM4 Configurator Software whenever possible to double-
check that the programmed schedule will behave as desired. Schedules created on the
SM4 can also be double-checked by importing them into the Configurator and viewing
on the graphical calendar.

SM4 schedules are flexible and portable. Schedules exported from recorders
or created by the Song Meter SM4 Configurator software include all
configurable settings. The appropriate settings are applied when a schedule
is imported. This coupling of schedules with their settings enables you to
share entire configurations from one recorder to another.

6.1 Schedule Blocks

Schedule blocks are the core components that define a daily recording
schedule. Every schedule has at least one block. A block has the following
three lines:
START: time hh:mm or
rise +/-hh:mm or
set +/-hh:mm

DUTY: always or
ON hh:mm OFF hh:mm

END: time hh:mm or

rise +/-hh:mm or
set +/-hh:mm

Each block defines a single continuous recording period between its START
and END times (if DUTY is always), or a series of smaller non-continuous
duty cycles (if DUTY is ON and OFF) that repeat between the START and
END times. The combination of all the duty cycles and recording periods
generated by all the blocks makes up the daily recording schedule.
The START and END times for the block can be a fixed time or relative to
sunset or sunrise. Times are specified using a 24-hour clock (HH:MM). When

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relative to sunset or sunrise, a positive (+) or negative (−) offset can be

specified.
The DUTY cycle determines how often recording occurs between the start
and end times. When set to always, recording is continuous between the
start and end times. When set to ON and OFF, recording occurs for the
specified number of hours and minutes (ON) followed by a period of
inactivity (OFF). The duty cycle repeats as many times as possible before the
END time is reached.
The duty cycle begins at the START time, not when you begin running the
schedule. For example, if you begin the following schedule by pressing
SCHEDULE START at 10:50, the recorder sleeps until the next 15-minute ON
duty cycle occurs at 11:00.
START: time 07:00
DUTY:ON00:15OFF00:45
END: time 19:00
01/01 [ADD]

A typical schedule might only need one block; however, you can combine up
to ten (10) blocks in a single schedule and can even overlap them. The SM4
scans all blocks and combines all their recording periods.
For example, you can create a schedule to record continuously from sunset to
sunrise in one block and to record 5 minutes on the hour throughout the
whole day (24 hours) in another block. The recorder combines these,
resulting in 5-minute recordings during the days and continuous recordings
during the nights.
In another example, if one block generates a recording period from 08:00 to
10:00, and a second block generates a recording period from 09:00 to 11:00,
the resulting schedule yields a single recording period from 08:00 to 11:00.

6.2 Editing a Schedule

Use this procedure to edit a schedule directly on the recorder using the
Display and buttons. We recommend that you edit schedules using the Song
Meter SM4 Configurator software whenever possible; however, if you are in
the field and need to edit a schedule, this method is convenient.
The recorder comes from the factory with the Record Always Quick Start
schedule pre-loaded. You can select or import another schedule if that
provides a better starting point for your custom schedule.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Schedule > Edit Schedule.
2. Edit any of the three lines of a schedule block:

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a. START: Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to select rise, set, or a specific time.

Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to adjust the + plus or – minus sign for times
that are relative to sunrise or sunset. For example, enter rise -01:15
to start recording one hour and fifteen minutes before the calculated
sunrise time.
b. DUTY: Schedules can record continuously between the START and
END times (always) or for a specific repeating duty cycle within those
times (ON & OFF). To learn more, see the schedule examples in this
chapter.
c. END: Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to select rise, set, or a specific time.
Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to adjust the + plus or – minus sign for times
that are relative to sunrise or sunset. For example, enter rise -01:15 to
start recording one hour and fifteen minutes before the calculated
sunrise time.
3. Press ENTER to save your changes.
TIP: To undo your changes in any line, you can press ◄ Left to return to the start of the
line and revert to its original value.

6.3 Adding or Deleting Schedule Blocks

When you edit a schedule, you can add or delete schedule blocks.
To add a new block:
1. Press ▼ Down repeatedly to navigate to the bottom line of the last block in
the schedule.
2. Press ► Right to advance to [ADD] and press ENTER. The bottom line below
the block shows the number of the block you are viewing and the total
number of blocks.
START: time 00:00
DUTY: always
END: time 00:00
02/02 [ADD] [DEL]

TIP: To move to the previous schedule block, press ▲ Up when on the START line.
To move to the next schedule block, press ▼ Down when on the bottom line.

To delete a block:
1. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to navigate to the bottom line of the block.
2. Press ► Right to advance to [DEL] and press ENTER.
The following example stretches the display to demonstrate the concept of
adding multiple code blocks in a schedule:

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 6 Creating Custom Simple Schedules

START: set -00:05

DUTY: always
END: rise +00:00
01/03 [DEL]

START: time 09:15

DUTY: always
END: time 11:15
02/03 [DEL]

START: set +02:15

DUTY: always
END: rise +01:30
03/03 [ADD] [DEL]

6.4 Schedule Block Examples

This section provides recording schedule examples that demonstrate how
schedule blocks work. A schedule specifies when the SM4 records but does
not necessarily result in a single file for the entire period. The number of
recordings for a given schedule will be dictated by the Max Length setting.

Record Continuously All Hours of Every Day

The following schedule records continuously all day and night, 24 hours per
day.
START: time 00:00
DUTY: always
END: time 00:00
01/01 [ADD]

NOTE: This schedule appears under the Quick Start menu as Record Always. It runs
continuously until you press SCHEDULE STOP or it runs out of power or memory space.

Whenever the start and end times are identical and DUTY is set to always,
your schedule is essentially the same as the Record Always schedule.

Record Continuously for a Portion of Each Day

The following schedule records continuously for the same six (6) hours daily:
START: time 04:00
DUTY: always
END: time 10:00
01/01 [ADD]

The Max Length audio setting determines the maximum recording file
duration in hours and minutes. For example, to capture output from this

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 6 Creating Custom Simple Schedules

schedule in hourly segments (6 recordings per day), set the Max Length
setting to 01h:00m.

Record in 15-Minute Segments

The following schedule starts at six o’clock in the evening and records for the
first 15 minutes of every hour until six o’clock in the morning.
START: time 18:00
DUTY:ON00:15OFF00:45
END: time 06:00
01/01 [ADD]

Record in 5-Minute Segments Every Hour

The following schedule records for 5 minutes at the beginning of each hour
all day and continues indefinitely.
START: time 00:00
DUTY:ON00:05OFF00:55
END: time 00:00
01/01 [ADD]

NOTE: The ON and OFF periods need not add up to an hour, but if they do not add up to
a factor of 24 hours, the duty cycle truncates and restarts at the start time. For example, a
duty cycle with ON 00:04 and OFF 00:03 divides 24 hours into 205 7-minute cycles plus
one 5-minute partial cycle. In the 206th cycle, the schedule records for 4 minutes and then
pauses for only 1 minute (instead of 3). This pattern repeats daily.

This schedule appears in the Quick Start menu as Record 5on & 55off.

Record Continuously Before Sunset until Sunrise

The following schedule starts every day 30 minutes before sunset and records
continuously until sunrise on the following day.
START: set -00:30
DUTY: always
END: rise +00:00
01/01 [ADD]

Record in Multiple Blocks Relative to Sunset and Sunrise

The following schedule uses two blocks. The first block defines a period
relative to sunrise and the second block defines a period relative to sunset.
The combined result records for two hours centered at sunrise and two hours
centered at sunset.
This schedule appears in the Quick Start menu as Record Dawn & Dusk.

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START: rise -01:00

DUTY: always
END: rise +01:00
01/02 [DEL]

START: set -01:00

DUTY: always
END: set +01:00
02/02 [ADD] [DEL]

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules

7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules

7.1 Creating and Editing an Advanced Schedule

Use this procedure to edit the currently active schedule directly on the
recorder using the LCD screen and buttons. To learn more about each
command and available settings, see 7.3 Advanced Schedule Commands.
You can create a new schedule from scratch at line 1 using the recorder.
1. At the Song Meter Main Menu, select Schedule, and press ENTER/MENU.
2. Press ▼ Down, select Edit Schedule, and then press ENTER/MENU.
3. The following screen appears:
Edit Schedule
-01 <Add/Insert>

4. Press ► Right and then press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to cycle through the

available schedule commands.
5. Select a command and press ► Right. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to adjust the
associated parameters for the command.
6. Press ► Right to complete line 01 and repeat these steps for line 02 and each
subsequent line.
7. When finished, press ◄ Left to check the schedule. Any schedule errors
appear. Press ▼ Down to cycle through multiple errors
8. Press ◄ Left to exit.
9. Navigate to Main Menu > Schedule > Edit Schedule.
10. Press ▼ Down to select a line in the schedule.
11. To edit the line, press ► Right to advance to the command or value and then
press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to make adjustments. When finished, press ◄ Left or
ENTER/MENU.
12. To add or insert a line:
a. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to select the <Add/Insert> entry on the last
line of the schedule and press ENTER/MENU. A new line appears at
the bottom of the schedule.
b. Press ◄ Left and then press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to change the line
number for the new line. Press ENTER/MENU to confirm the line
number.
c. To edit the new line, press ► Right to advance to the command or
value and press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to make adjustments. When
finished editing, press ► Right or ENTER/MENU.
13. To delete a line:
a. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down to select the line you want to delete.
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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules

b. Press ► Right to advance to the command for that line.

c. Press ▲ Up or ▼ Down until the <Delete> command appears.
d. Press ENTER/MENU. The line is removed and all higher lines cascade
down in sequence by one line.
14. When finished editing all lines, press ◄ Left.
15. Any schedule errors appear. Repeat these steps to resolve the errors or press
◄ Left to ignore. Press ▼ Down to view the next problem.
Press ▼ Down after the last problem to return to the Schedule menu. To
return to the Schedule menu before reviewing all the problems, press ◄ Left.
16. When no errors exist, the following message appears:
Schedule edit OK

7.2 Using Loops

An essential logical structure in any computer schedule, a loop repeats a task
until a necessary event occurs. For example, you need a schedule that waits,
and continues to wait until sunrise; and then you want it to record, and
repeat that action, recording over and over until 15 minutes before sunset.
Loops are programmed by using pairs of REPEAT and UNT (until)
commands, nested to any depth. Loops have an explicit ending condition,
such as a date for an UNTDATE command or a count for an UNTCOUNT
command. In addition, loops have an implicit ending time, inherited from any
enclosing loops. The implicit ending time is the earliest of all the enclosing
loop ending times. In other words, the ending condition of a loop is either its
own ending condition or the implicit ending time, whichever occurs first.
RECORD and PLAY commands likewise inherit an implicit ending time from
any enclosing loops, perhaps causing a RECORD command to finish earlier
than indicated by its own duration parameter or causing a PLAY command to
not play its file at all.
UNTCOUNT loops do not have an ending time of their own, although they
do pass along any implicit ending time that they inherit. If a schedule
contains just one loop, a REPEAT/UNTCOUNT loop, with a RECORD
command inside that loop, then the RECORD command will always run for its
full duration, and the loop will end after the specified count of iterations.

7.3 Advanced Schedule Commands

Use the following commands to create schedules for your specific recording
needs. An Advanced Schedule can contain up to 99 command lines.

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NOTE: Some commands listed in this section refer to sunrise or sunset in a general sense
and depend on them in schedule calculations. The recorder recognizes different methods
for calculating precise sunrise and sunset times. To specify a method and view the next
available sunrise and sunset times, select Sunrise/Sunset Type in the Settings menu.

AT DATE DDMMMYY
Causes the schedule to wait until the specified date. YY are the last two digits
of the year in the current century beginning with the year 2000.
NOTE: If you start the schedule after the specified AT DATE, the command is ignored and
the schedule continues.

AT TIME hh:mm:ss
Causes the schedule to wait until the specified date time.
NOTE: If you use an AT TIME, AT SRIS or AT SSET command in a repeating schedule and
start the schedule after the time indicated, the recorder will assume you wish to record
starting at the previously occurring sunset, sunrise or time and begin recording
immediately.
For example, if you have a schedule that starts with AT TIME 16:00:00 and you are in the
field starting the schedule at 17:00:00, the recorder will not wait until 16:00:00 the next day,
but instead will start recording immediately.

AT SRIS±hh:mm:ss
Causes the schedule to wait until sunrise, plus or minus the specified time.

AT SSET±hh:mm:ss
Causes the schedule to wait until sunset, plus or minus the specified time.

REPEAT
Indicates the beginning of a loop. Must be ended by an UNT command.

UNTDATE DDMMMYY
Ends a loop when the specified termination date is reached. Any RECORD
commands in progress in this loop are forced to stop recording.

UNTTIME hh:mm:ss
Ends a loop when the specified termination time is reached. Any RECORD
commands in progress in this loop are forced to stop recording.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules

NOTE: If UNTIME is set to the same time as AT TIME, the recorder will not repeat the loop
indefinitely, it will interpret that you wish to start and then instantly stop the loop and will
not make any recordings within that loop.

UNTSRIS±hh:mm:ss
Ends a loop at sunrise, plus or minus the specified time. Any RECORD
commands in progress in this loop are forced to stop recording.

UNTSSET±hh:mm:ss
Ends a loop at sunset, plus or minus the specified time. Any RECORD
commands in progress in this loop are forced to stop recording.

UNTCOUNT {<count>, INF}

Ends a loop after <count>iterations. INF specifies an infinite count.

RECORD hh:mm:ss
Starts a new recording of the specified duration. If the RECORD command is
inside a repeat/until loop, the recording may end early to match the outer
loop ending time.
Recording files larger than 2.0 GB are divided into smaller segments.
The recording period will be broken into the length as set in the Max Length
setting of the Audio Settings menu.

PAUSE hh:mm:ss
Pauses the schedule for the specified amount of time. If you set the duration
of the PAUSE command to greater than 1 minute (3 minutes if using the GPS
option), the SM4 enters low-power sleep mode and wakes up at the next
scheduled recording.

7.4 How to Work with the Schedule Checker

The Schedule Checker runs automatically to verify the configuration of the
hardware and software, and to check your schedule for errors or warnings. If
it detects contradictory commands, the Schedule Checker reports the latter
of the two as the error source. Use the Schedule Checker output to correct
your schedule, save it, and then attempt to import or run it again.
1. The Schedule Checker runs at all of the following times:
■ After you finish loading or importing a schedule.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 7 Creating Custom Advanced Schedules

■ After you finish editing a schedule and press the main buttons on the
device to exit the editor as viewed through the LCD screen.
■ Before you press the SCHEDULE START button to run a schedule or if the
schedule starts automatically after 3 minutes of no activity.
2. The Schedule Checker performs several tests on the current schedule and
shows errors (if any), followed by warnings (if any), and their matching line
number in your schedule.
3. To view the next error or warning, press the ▼ Down button.
4. To exit the Schedule Checker, press the ◄ Left button. You can also exit by
pressing ▼ Down after the last error or warning.
5. If no buttons are pressed for 60 seconds while a problem is displayed, the
Schedule Checker times out and exits.
6. When the Schedule Checker exits:
■ If you were loading or editing a schedule, you return to the main menu.
■ If you were running a schedule and there are no errors (only warnings or no
problems at all), your schedule starts.

7.5 How to Resolve Schedule Checker Errors

When a schedule contains warnings, you can address them or ignore them
and continue, the schedule will run with warnings. However, when a schedule
contains one or more errors, it will not run. To resolve an error, edit the
schedule and adjust a parameter or add, move, or delete a command line.
Refer to the following list of the most common possible schedule warnings
and errors.
SM3 Schedule Errors and Warnings
Message Explanation
Unmatched REPEAT: a REPEAT command for which no corresponding subsequent
UNT_X command can be found.
Unmatched UNTX: an UNT_X command for which no corresponding preceding
REPEAT command can be found.
Inf lp bfr REC: the schedule has an infinite loop before reaching any
RECORD command.
Unreachable command: the schedule has commands following an infinite loop.
No RECORD: the schedule contains neither a RECORD command.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 8 Importing and Exporting Schedules

8 Importing and Exporting Schedules

8.1 SM4 Configurator Software
In addition to
configuring schedules
and settings on the
recorder, you can use
the Song Meter SM4
Configurator software
to confirm schedule
behavior on a
graphical calendar and
to estimate power
consumption and SD
memory card usage for schedules that you plan to run.

We recommend using the software to configure the recorder’s settings and

schedule when possible as the additional visualization and information it
provides allows you to be sure that your schedule and settings will perform
as intended. The software is free and available for Mac, Windows, and Linux
at www.wildlifeacoustics.com. You can also open a WAV file made with the
SM4 in the configurator to see the schedule and setting used to make the
file. That information is stored in the meta-data of the WAV so it is always
available in the future.

8.2 Importing a Schedule

You can import a schedule file (for example, mySchedule.SM4S) from an SD
memory card. The imported schedule includes the Simple Schedule as well as
an Advanced Schedule, if one was created. It also includes settings.
NOTE: If both an Advanced Schedule and Simple Schedule are configured in the imported
schedule, the selected schedule mode as set in Advanced Settings of the imported
schedule will dictate which schedule is immediately loaded. To access the other schedule,
simply change the schedule mode.

1. Save a custom schedule to the top-level directory (not in a folder) of an SD

memory card from the Song Meter SM4 Configurator software, or export a
schedule to an SD memory card from another recorder.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 8 Importing and Exporting Schedules

2. Insert the SD memory card in slot A of the recorder.

3. Navigate to Main Menu > Schedule > Import Sched+Setts.
4. At the Select Schedule File prompt, press ▲ Up or ▼Down to select a
schedule file on your SD memory card. Press ENTER.
NOTE: The file name must be 28 characters or less. The recorder does not recognize or
display longer file names on the import screen.

5. If no warnings or errors are found, the following message appears and the
imported schedule is now the current schedule:
Schedule imported
6. Press ◄ Left to return to the Schedule menu. You can now edit or start the
schedule.
NOTE: Schedules exported from a recorder and imported on another will not override the
second recorder’s Prefix, Latitude, Longitude, Time zone, or Battery Cutoff settings.
Schedules created or edited by the Song Meter SM4 Configurator software have the
option to override any of those settings.

8.3 Exporting a Schedule

You can export the schedule including its settings to an SD memory card. The
Simple schedule is exported as well as the Advanced Schedule, if one was
created. Which schedule will be loaded upon import to another recorder
depends on the selected schedule mode as set in Advanced Settings on the
recorder you are exporting from.
1. Insert an SD memory card in slot A.
2. Navigate to Main Menu > Schedule > Export Sched+Setts.
The following message appears:
Schedule exported

The exported file is named with the recorder prefix and the .SM4S extension.
For example: SM400155.SM4S
The default prefix is the device model and serial number. You can specify a
new prefix on the recorder in the settings.
CAUTION: If a file with that name already exists on the SD memory card, it is overwritten.

After exporting the schedule, you can share it with others, load it on another
recorder, or edit it using the SM4 Configurator software.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 9 Utilities

9 Utilities
9.1 Exporting Diagnostics
This procedure exports a diagnostic file that can be used to assess the audio
performance, settings, schedule, and status of the recorder. The Wildlife
Acoustics Support Team can use this information to help diagnose problems.
The recorder will also create a dump file temporary loss of power for over five
seconds or if it senses other types of failures.
1. Insert an SD memory card into slot A.
2. Navigate to Main Menu > Utilities > Export Diagnostics.
3. The recorder performs internal diagnostic tests and then exports the test
results, the current schedule, and the settings to a file. The file is named with
the recorder prefix, the date and time, and the .sm4dump extension:
PREFIX_YYYYMMDD_hhmmss.sm4dump
4. Remove the SD memory card and insert it into a computer in order to send
the file to Wildlife Acoustics.

9.2 Resetting to Factory Default Settings

This procedure restores all recorder settings to their original default values as
they were configured when your recorder was first assembled and tested.
1. Navigate to Main Menu > Utilities > Set factory default.
2. Select Yes on the confirmation screen.
CAUTION: When you select Yes and reset defaults, your custom settings and any edited
schedules are erased.

9.3 Testing Microphones’ Sensitivity with the Calibrate Utility

The sensitivity of built-in or external acoustic microphones can be measured
and the value entered so it will be stored in the recordings’ meta-data for
later use in noise analysis or for traceability. This calibration utility displays
dBV at 1kHz. A standard microphone calibrator will produce a 94dB SPL (1
Pa) 1kHz tone at the microphone. The expected value for the built-in or
external microphones is the sensitivity as shown in the Specifications chapter
of this guide, within the shown tolerances.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 9 Utilities

NOTE: This procedure is only valid for third-party microphone calibrators that emit a
calibrated 1.0 kHz signal.

1. Navigate to Main Menu > Utilities > Calibrate Mics

MICROPHONE CALIBRATE
@1kHz:
Ch 0: -4.8 dBV
Ch 1: -73.6 dBV

The SM4 automatically sets gain to 0 dB, preamplifier gain off and all high pass
filters off to assure an accurate reading.
2. Test the microphone by generating a 1 kHz signal with a professional
microphone calibrator and sliding it over the microphone.
3. Read the value on the screen and press any button to end the calibration.
4. The measured sensitivity can be entered into the recorder in the Advanced
menu in the Settings menu. An entered value will be saved in the recordings’
meta-data for use in noise analysis or for traceability.

9.4 Formatting SD Memory Cards

This procedure formats the inserted SD memory cards. Use this procedure
prior to all deployments for optimal performance and to ensure that the
cards are empty. The recorder will never overwrite existing data on a card.
This procedure will also clear a card that has been declared DIRTY. A card is
labeled DIRTY if a process was interrupted which could have resulted in card
corruption, for example a card is pulled from the recorder while it is in the
process of recording or the battery voltage goes too low while the recorder is
recording. The latter is a likelihood if the recorder is left to record until the
batteries die. This is fine, copy recordings to a computer and format the card
using this process.
WARNING! This procedure erases all data on the SD memory card. Verify that you have
saved any important schedules or recording files before running this utility.

1. Insert an SD memory card in slot A and an optional second card in slot B.

2. Navigate to Main Menu > Utilities > Format All Cards.
3. At the Confirm: Format All? prompt:
■ Select No to cancel this procedure. Any existing data files remain on the
SD memory card(s).
■ Select Yes to format the SD memory cards in both slots.
4. If you select Yes, progress messages appear, and then the display returns to
the Utilities menu.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 9 Utilities

9.5 Updating the Firmware

The SM4 is field-upgradeable. Firmware updates are periodically available
with fixes or improvements.
1. Download new firmware from www.wildlifeacoustics.com. (While visiting our
website, you can join our mailing list to receive important notices about your
SM4 and related products.)
2. Save or copy the firmware file to the top-level directory (not in a folder) of an
SD memory card and insert it into the recorder in slot A.
3. Navigate to Main Menu > Utilities > Firmware Update.
The recorder scans the SD memory card for .SM4 firmware files.
4. At the Select upgrade file prompt, select the firmware update file and press
ENTER. The recorder applies the new firmware and restarts.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 10 Specifications

10 Specifications
10.1 Physical
Length: 8.6 inches (218 mm)
Width: 7.3 inches (186 mm)
Depth: 3.1 inches (78 mm)
Weight: 1.6 pounds (0.73 kg)
Weight with 4 D Batteries: 2.9 pounds (1.3 kg)
Operating Temperature: -4°F to 185°F (-20°C to 85°C) (excluding batteries)
Enclosure: Weatherproof, polycarbonate housing.
186
7.32

140°
77.9
3.07

117.2
4.61

59.7
2.35
38.1
1.50
9.5 19.1
.38 .75

218.2
8.59

203.1
8.00
193.4
7.62
177.3
6.98

12.70
.50

5.1
.20 4.7
13.2 .19
.52

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 10 Specifications

10.2 Power
Battery Specifications: The recorder uses four (4) standard D size disposable
alkaline batteries or rechargeable NiMH batteries.
Estimated Recording Time:
Alkaline batteries (14,000 milliamp-hours at 1.5V each): up to 400 hours
NiMH LSD batteries (9,500 milliamp-hours at 1.2V each): up to 250 hours
Power Consumption: Recording: 135 – 185 mW Sleeping: 1.8 mW
NOTE: SD memory cards consume more than half of all the power used by the recorder.
The recording time and power consumption varies with different card types and
manufacturers by as much as 50%. Based on their low power consumption in our tests, we
recommend SanDisk SDHC/SDXC cards; however, third-party card performance cannot be
guaranteed and other brands may also offer similar performance. Other factors, such as
card capacity, battery type and quality (including rechargeable batteries), temperature, and
sample rate also affect recording time.

External Power Voltage: 5 – 17 volts DC

Clock Backup Battery Type: 3.0-volt lithium CR2032 (approximate 3-year
life)
Internal Clock Accuracy: 3.5ppm from -40ºC to 0ºC, 2.0ppm from 0ºC to
40ºC (Temperature-Compensated Crystal)

10.3 SD Memory Cards

Type: Supports class 4 or faster SDHC and SDXC (no reformat required)
Capacity: Supports up to 32 GB SDHC or up to 512 GB
SDXC per slot.

10.4 Audio
Channels: 2
Recording Format: 16-bit PCM .wav
Analog to Digital Converter Full-scale: 0.707V rms (2v p-p)
Preamplifier Gain: 0 or 26 dB (only applies to built-in microphones)
Amplifier Gain: 0.0 – 59.5 dB in 0.5-dB steps
Noise Floor: -93 dBV, A-Weighted (@0 dB gain, HPF disabled)
High Pass Filter: Selectable 2-pole at 220 Hz or 1 kHz
Supported Sample Rates (Hz):
8000, 12000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000, and 96000

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 10 Specifications

Anti-Alias Filter Performance:

Fraction of Sample Rate: Anti-Alias Filter Gain (dB):
0 to 0.39 ±0.1
0.4125 −0.25
0.45 −3.0
0.5 −17.5
0.55 −75.0

10.5 Microphones

Built-in microphones or SMM-A2 acoustic external microphone

Enclosure: Weather resistant
Sensitivity built-in: -35 ±4 dB (0 dB=1V/pa@1kHz)
Sensitivity SMM-A2: -9 ±4 dB (0 dB=1V/pa@1kHz)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: 80 dB typical at 1kHz (1 Pa, A weighted network
)
Dynamic Range with Preamplifier ON: 14 - 100 dB SPL at 0 dB gain
Dynamic Range with Preamplifier OFF: 39 - 126 dB SPL at 0 dB gain
Directionality: Omnidirectional
Frequency response: Typical as shown in chart below.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 10 Specifications

SMM-A1 acoustic external microphone

Enclosure: Weather resistant
Sensitivity: -11±4 dB (0 dB=1V/pa@1kHz)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio: > 68 dB
Dynamic Range: 26 dB – 102 dB SPL at 0 dB gain
Directionality: Omnidirectional
Frequency response: Typical as shown in chart below.

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page 53

Song Meter SM4 User Guide 11 Warranty and Disclosures

11 Warranty and Disclosures

Except as specifically provided herein, Wildlife Acoustics makes no warranty of any kind, express
or implied, with respect to this product.

Hardware Limited Warranty

Product Components Warranty Period
All components (excluding built-in and external 3 Years
Song Meter microphones and accessories)
SM4 Built-in and external microphones (excluding windscreens) 18 Months
Accessories 1 Year

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. Limited Warranty

HARDWARE: Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. (“WAI”) warrants to the original end user (“Customer”) that new WAI branded products will be free from
defects in workmanship and materials, under normal use. Refer to the Hardware Limited Warranty table at the top of this page for the
applicable warranty period from the original date of purchase.
WAI warrants refurbished WAI products, marked and sold as such, for ninety (90) days from the original purchase date.
SOFTWARE: WAI warrants to Customer that any WAI branded software will perform in substantial conformance to their schedule
specifications for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of original purchase. WAI warrants the media containing software against failure
during the warranty period. WAI makes no warranty or representation that the operation of the software products will be uninterrupted or
error free, or that all defects in the software products will be corrected.
EXCLUSIONS: This warranty excludes (1) physical damage to the surface of the product, including cracks or scratches on the outside casing;
(2) damage caused by misuse, neglect, improper installation or testing, unauthorized attempts to open, repair, or modify the product, or any
other cause beyond the range of the intended use; (3) damage caused by accident, fire, power changes, other hazards, or acts of God; or (4)
use of the product with any non-WAI device or service if such device or service causes the problem.
Any third party products, including software, included with WAI products are not covered by this WAI warranty and WAI makes no
representations or warranties on behalf of such third parties. Any warranty on such products is from the supplier or licensor of the product.
No warranty is provided by WAI unless the product was purchased from an authorized distributor or authorized reseller.
EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES: Should a covered defect occur during the warranty period and you notify WAI, your sole and exclusive remedy shall
be, at WAI’s sole option and expense, to repair or replace the product or software. If WAI cannot reasonably repair nor replace then WAI may,
in its sole discretion, refund the purchase price paid for the product. Replacement products or parts may be new or reconditioned or
comparable versions of the defective item. WAI warrants any replaced or repaired product, part, or software for a period of ninety (90) days
from shipment, or through the end of the original warranty, whichever is longer.
OBTAINING WARRANTY SERVICE: Customer should refer to the WAI website at www.wildlifeacoustics.com/support/contact-support for
information on obtaining warranty service authorization. Methods for obtaining warranty service may vary depending on whether purchases
were made from an authorized provider of WAI products or from WAI directly. All requests for warranty service authorization must be made
within the applicable warranty period. Dated proof of original purchase will be required. Products or parts shipped by Customer to WAI must
be sent postage-paid and packaged appropriately for safe shipment. WAI is not responsible for Customer products received without a
warranty service authorization and may be rejected. Repaired or replacement products will be shipped to Customer at WAI expense. All
products or parts that are replaced become the property of WAI. WAI shall not be responsible for Customer software, firmware, information,
or memory data contained in, stored on, or integrated with any products returned to WAI for repair, whether under warranty or not. The
repair and replacement process for products or parts in locations outside of the United States will vary depending on Customer’s location.
WARRANTIES EXCLUSIVE: THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, TERMS
OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE, ACCURACY, CORRESPONDENCE WITH DESCRIPTION, SATISFACTORY QUALITY AND NON-INFRINGEMENT, ALL OF WHICH ARE
EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED BY WAI AND ITS SUPPLIERS.
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: NEITHER WAI NOR ITS SUPPLIERS SHALL BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR
PUNITIVE DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, LOSS OF INFORMATION OR DATA, LOSS OF REVENUE, LOSS OF BUSINESS OR OTHER FINANCIAL LOSS
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OR USE OF THIS PRODUCT, WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING
NEGLIGENCE), STRICT PRODUCT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER THEORY, EVEN IF WAI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES
AND EVEN IF ANY LIMITED REMEDY SPECIFIED IN THIS LICENCE AGREEMENT IS DEEMED TO HAVE FAILED OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. WAI’S
ENTIRE LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED TO REPLACEMENT, REPAIR, OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, AT WAI’S OPTION. IN NO EVENT
SHALL WAI’S LIABILITY FOR ALL DAMAGES RELATED TO THE PURCHASE OF PRODUCT EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID FOR THE APPLICABLE
PRODUCT. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS WILL APPLY EVEN IF THE ABOVE STATED REMEDY FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.
DISCLAIMER: Some countries, states, or provinces do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or the limitation of incidental
or consequential damages so the above limitations and exclusions may be limited in their application to you. When implied warranties may
not be excluded in their entirety, they will be limited to the duration of the applicable written warranty. This warranty gives you specific legal
rights; you may have other rights that may vary depending on local law. Your statutory rights are not affected.
GOVERNING LAW: This Limited Warranty shall be governed by the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and by the laws of the
United States, excluding their conflicts of laws principles. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods is
hereby excluded in its entirety from application to this Limited Warranty.

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 11 Warranty and Disclosures
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY (EN 45014)
Manufacturer:
Wildlife Acoustics, Inc.
3 Mill and Main Place, Suite 210
Maynard, MA 01754
United States of America

Declares that the following product:

Product Name: Song Meter
Product Model Number: SM4
Product Type: Bioacoustics Recorder

Conforms to the appropriate country standards and governing regulations listed below and/or on the following page. As the manufacturer, we
are fully responsible for the design and production of the above-mentioned equipment.

Federal Communications Commission Rules Part 15, Class A

AS/NZS CISPR 11, 2011, Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment – electromagnetic disturbance characteristics – limits
and methods of measurement, Class A

EN 55011, 2009/A1, 2010, Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment – Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics –
Limits and methods of measurement, Class A

ICES-003, 2012, Industry Canada, Interference-Causing Equipment Standard, Digital Apparatus, Class A

EN61326, 2013 Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control and Laboratory use EMC Requirements

EN61000-4-2 Electrostatic Discharge

EN61000-4-3 Radiated Electromagnetic Fields

Tested at operating temperatures of -20C to +55C. Testing included 24-hour soaks at both extremes plus 6 cycles for one hour each.

Tested at operating humidity of 95% relative humidity at +40C. Testing included 24-hour soak.

Tested for vibration as per the MIL-STD-810G Method 514.6, category 4 standard.

IEC 60529 IPX5 (Water Jet Test) (tested exclusive of microphone)

IEC 60529 IPX6 (Powerful Water Jet Test) (tested exclusive of microphone)

IEC 60529 IPX7 (Temporary Immersion) (tested exclusive of microphone)

This product was tested in a typical configuration.

Ian Agranat, President

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc.
January 10, 2016

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Song Meter SM4 User Guide 11 Warranty and Disclosures
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial
environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to
cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Note: Use of ferrite clamped cables are required to comply with the Class A imits in part 15 of the FCC rules. A Fair-Rite 0431164181 ferrite
clamp (or equivalent) must be placed on each cable near the recorder with the ferrite residing within one loop of the cable. This clamp is
provided with all cables sold by Wildlife Acoustics.

PROHIBITION AGAINST EAVESDROPPING

United States law (Federal Communications Commission Part 15 Section 15.9) states “Except for the operations of law enforcement officers
conducted under lawful authority, no person shall use, either directly or indirectly, a device operated pursuant to the provisions of this Part
for the purpose of overhearing or recording the private conversations of others unless such use is authorized by all of the parties engaging in
the conversation.”
You are responsible for complying with all applicable laws within your jurisdiction

PRODUCT DOCUMENTATION
©2015-2019 Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

This documentation may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not
limited to photocopying, scanning, recording, taping, e-mailing, or storing in information storage and retrieval systems without the written
permission of Wildlife Acoustics. Products that are referenced in this document such as Microsoft Windows® may be trademarks and/or
registered trademarks of their respective owners. Wildlife Acoustics makes no claim to these trademarks. While every precaution has been
taken in the preparation of this document, individually, as a series, in whole, or in part, Wildlife Acoustics, the publisher, and the author assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, including any damages resulting from the express or implied application of information contained in
this document or from the use of products, services, or programs that may accompany it. In no event shall Wildlife Acoustics, publishers,
authors, or editors of this guide be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly
or indirectly by this document.

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page 56

Song Meter SM4 User Guide 11 Warranty and Disclosures

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page 57

 Song Meter SM4
BIOACOUSTICS RECORDER

User Guide

©2016-2019 Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Wildlife Acoustics and Song Meter are registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
SM4 is a trademark of Wildlife Acoustics, Inc.
SDHC and SDXC Logos are trademarks of SD-3C,LLC.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
The Song Meter is patented (U.S. Pat. No. 7,782,195).
Additional U.S. and international patents and trademarks are pending.

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc.

3 Mill and Main Place, Suite 210
Maynard, MA 01754
(978) 369-5225 or toll-free in the U.S. (888) 733-0200
www.wildlifeacoustics.com

Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. page 58