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Grdae VII-Biology - Nutrition in Plants - Notes

This document provides information about plant nutrition from a grade 7 biology textbook chapter. It defines key terms like parasites and saprotrophs, and describes processes like photosynthesis, testing leaves for starch, and the advantages of greenhouses for farmers. Sample questions assess understanding of plant and animal cells, the role of plants as producers in food chains, and symbiotic relationships in lichens and between rhizobium bacteria and plants.

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DEBENDRA NATH CHOUDHURY
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197 views6 pages

Grdae VII-Biology - Nutrition in Plants - Notes

This document provides information about plant nutrition from a grade 7 biology textbook chapter. It defines key terms like parasites and saprotrophs, and describes processes like photosynthesis, testing leaves for starch, and the advantages of greenhouses for farmers. Sample questions assess understanding of plant and animal cells, the role of plants as producers in food chains, and symbiotic relationships in lichens and between rhizobium bacteria and plants.

Uploaded by

DEBENDRA NATH CHOUDHURY
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GRADE : VII BIOLOGY

Chapter -1: Nutrition in Plants


Answer the following.
1. Why do organisms take food?
Organisms need to take food to get energy and to perform life
processes. The life process includes nutrition, respiration, growth,
excretion, reproduction and
response to stimuli which can only be done by the intake of food.

*2. Distinguish between a parasite and a saprotroph.


● Parasite -The organism that grows on the body of another organism
and derives its nutrients from it is known as a parasite.
eg: Cuscuta, Rafflesia ( largest flower)
● Saprotroph - The organism that obtains nutrients from the dead
or decaying organic matter is called a saprotroph.
eg: yeast, fungi, mushrooms.

3. How would you test the presence of starch in leaves?


Steps to test the presence of starch in
leaves: Step 1: Take a fresh leaf.
Step 2: Boil the leaf in water for a few minutes to kill the cells in the leaf.
Step 3: Now dip this leaf in iodine solution/put a few drops of Iodine into
the leaf.
Step 4: The colour of the leaf will change into blue- black colour,
when it comes in contact with iodine. It shows the presence of starch in
it.

* 4. Give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in


green plants.
Photosynthesis is the process of synthesis of food in the plants
with the help of chlorophyll and carbon dioxide in the presence of
sunlight. Water and minerals present in the soil are absorbed by the
roots and transported to the leaves by the vessels. Carbon dioxide from
air is taken through stomata present in leaves. Leaves are the food
factory of the plants which capture the energy of the sunlight with the
help of chlorophyll. This energy is used to synthesise food from carbon
dioxide and water.
(Copy the equation from textbook)

5. Show with the help of a sketch that the plants are the
ultimate source of food.
The food chain below shows that the plant is the ultimate
producer; Only plants can produce food and the rest of other
organisms are directly or indirectly dependent on it.
(Draw a food chain starting with a producer/green plant)

* 6. Why do farmers grow fruits and vegetable crops inside large

green houses? What are the advantages to the farmers?


The green houses protect the plants inside from the climatic
conditions outside and give the most suitable temperature for growth, as
the sunlight is trapped inside. The plants will be protected from pests,
rodents, birds, heavy rain, blowing winds etc.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS:
Nutrients in food - carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins & minerals.
1. Components of food - nutrients, roughage (fibre) & water.
2. Functions of nutrients :
a. provide energy to carry out the life processes.
b. enable living organisms to grow and build their bodies.
c. repair damaged parts of our bodies.
d. helps our body to fight against diseases.
3. Define nutrition.
Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilisation
by the body.
4. Define autotrophic nutrition.
The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves
from simple substances.
5. Define heterotrophic nutrition
The mode of nutrition in which certain plants and animals
including human beings depend on other organisms for food to
survive.
6.How do plants absorb carbon dioxide?
Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plants through small pores- called
stomata present on the leaves. The opening and closing of stomata is
controlled by the surrounding guard cells.

* 7. Explain a simple animal cell.


Cells are the basic building blocks of an organism.
* The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary called the cell membrane.
* The distinct centrally located spherical structure is called nucleus
* The jelly like substance that surrounds the nucleus is called cytoplasm.

(Draw a simple animal cell )


8. How do plants synthesise food other than carbohydrates?
Plants synthesise carbohydrates through photosynthesis. Proteins
and fats are the nutrients which are required by plants other than
carbohydrates. They are compounds that contain nitrogen. Since plants
cannot absorb atmospheric nitrogen as such, it has to be converted into a
soluble form. This is done by a certain type of bacteria called Rhizobium.
Sometimes they get nitrogen from the fertilizers which are added into the
soil. So along with other nutrients absorbed by the roots, plants
synthesise proteins and fats.

*9. Write a paragraph on each of the following:


a. Insectivorous plants - Insectivorous plants are the plants
which derive nutrition by trapping insects. They derive nitrogen from
the trapped insects and synthesise proteins from the derived nitrogen.
eg: Pitcher plant, utricularia.
b. Symbiotic plants - In symbiotic plants there is a relationship
between plants in which they share their nutrition and shelter.
eg: lichens.

Symbiosis : Symbiosis is the relationship between organisms in which


they share their nutrition and shelter.
eg : certain fungi living in roots of plants.
- fungus provide water and nutrients to plants.
- plants provide nutrients to fungus.

* 10. What are lichens?


Lichens are symbiotic associations ( mutually useful associations )
between algae and fungi. Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide
shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water for its partner. Lichens do
not grow in polluted areas. So they are very good pollution indicators.

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