PROVINCE OF BATAAN

MUNICIPALITY OF ABUCAY, BATAAN

MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

OFFICE

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS CONTENTS PAGES

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS i

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND 3
Physical and Environmental Profile
History of the Municipality 4
Topography and slope 5
Groundwater 6
Soil texture/ volcanoes and active fault 7
River system 8
Population and Demographics 9
Planning Context 10

CHAPTER 3 THE LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION

PLANNING FRAMEWORK 11

CHAPTER 4 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 12

Vulnerability Assessment 13
Exposure Analysis 15
Seasonal Temperature 16
Summary of Climate Change Information 18
Bio-physical impacts of climate change 19
Collect and Organize Hazard Information 20
Sensitivity Analysis 23
Adaptive Capacity Analysis 29

CHAPTER 5 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 31

CHAPTER 6 THE LOCAL CLIMATE

CHANGE INITIATIVES 2017-2022 32-41
Temperature Increase
Flooding
Sea Level Rise
Typhoons with Strong Winds
Drought and Dry Spells
Storm Surge

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CHAPTER 7 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 44-48

CHAPTER 8 REVIEW, MONITORING 49-52

AND EVALUATION

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 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ABC – Association of Barangay Captains

BDRRMC –Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction Management Committee
Brgy. - Barangay
CC - Climate Change
CCA - Climate Change Adaptation
CCATWG – Climate Change Adaptation Technical Working Group
CCC - Climate Change Commission
CCVI - Climate Change Vulnerability Index
CDP – Comprehensive Development Plan
CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CRM – Coastal Resource Management
DA - Department of Agriculture
DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DepEd - Department of Education
DILG - Department of Interior and Local Government
DOST - Department of Science and Technology
DPWH – Department of Public Works and Highways
DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction
DRRM - Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
GG - Greenhouse Gases
IEC - Information and Education Campaign
IWRM - Integrated Water Resources Management
LDC – Local Development Council
LCCAP – Local Climate Change Action Plan
LCE – Local Chief Executive
LEIPO – Local Economic Investment Promotions Officer
MAO – Municipal Assessor’s Office
MDRRMC – Municipal Risk Reduction and Management Council
MDRRMO – Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
MDRRMP – Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan
MEO – Municipal Engineer’s Office
MMO – Municipal Mayor’s Office
MPDO – Municipal Planning and Development Office
MSWDO – Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office
NCCAP - National Climate Change Action Plan
NDRRMC - National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
NGA – National Government Agency
NGO - Non-Government Organization
NWRB - National Water Resources Board
OCA – Office of the City Agriculturist
PIO – Public Information Office
PNP – Philippine National Police
PPP - Public-Private Partnership
SB – Sangguniang Bayan

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Fig. 1. UN World Risk Index

RATIONALE

Climate change renders all nations of the world susceptible from the dreaded effects of rising
temperature, increasing frequency and intensity of typhoons and drought among others. This is
especially true to those which belong to underdeveloped and developing countries like the
Philippines. According to Climate Change Vulnerability Index released by Maple croft (2010), a
global risk advisory firm, the Philippines is ranked SIXTH among 170 countries which are
extremely vulnerable to climate change. These phenomena coupled with the country’s geography
(i.e. facing the Pacific Ocean where most typhoons form), geology (i.e. seating at the Pacific Ring
of Fire where high seismic activity is observed) and long history of social unrest (i.e. leftist
movement, claim for ancestral domain and religious extremism) put the country at great risk to
different forms of disaster. Actually, the United Nations University and the Institute of
Environment and Human Security reported in 2011 that the Philippines is the THIRD most disaster
prone country. Moreover, in the same year, the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of
Disasters (CRED) accounted that the country registered the most number of disasters that
happened worldwide. In relation with these, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC; formerly known as National Disaster Coordinating Council or
NDCC) reported that the most common cause of disasters in the country are hydro-meteorological
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hazards such as tropical storm and flood. The Climate Change Commission (2011) further asserted
that the country ranked HIGHEST in the world in terms of vulnerability to tropical cyclone
occurrence. Furthermore, data from PAG-ASA reflect that there are 20 tropical storms that enter
the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) every year which has the potential to cause heavy
rains, flood and landslide that may trigger a disaster.

The increasing levels of Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that form in our atmosphere is said to
be the major contributor to global warming. While we in the Philippines are minor producers of
such relative to other countries, our GHG emissions are projected to quadruple in the energy sector
and double in the transport sector by 2030 due to growing economy, urbanization and
motorization. Human-induced environmental deterioration and unsustainable development
practices that aggravate the country’s climate vulnerability has been more rampant and also
extensive, adding more to our dilemma.

In response to the urgency to act on climate change, the Republic Act 9729, otherwise known as
the Climate Change Act of 2009 paved the way for the establishment of the Climate Change
Commission (CCC), policy-making bodies that will coordinate monitor and evaluate climate
change programs and action plans in the country. The National Framework Strategy on Climate
Change (NFSCC) 2010-2022 was then created to denote the guiding principles that envision “a
climate risk-resilient Philippines with healthy, safe, prosperous and self-reliant communities with
thriving and productive ecosystems…”

The Municipality of Abucay is not immune from the effects of climate change and occurred of
disasters. Based on the projections made by PAG-ASA, ALL areas of the Philippines will get
warmer in 2020 and 2050 especially during summer months (March-April-May). The estimated
raise in temperature is approximately 1oC in 2020 and 2oC in 2050. Furthermore, PAG-ASA also
expects increased probability of rainfall during the southwest monsoon (June-July-August). These
increase the vulnerability of different areas in the country including the Municipality of Abucay
to hydro-meteorological hazards.

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 CHAPTER 2

BACKGROUND

Physical Characteristics

Geophysical and Environmental Profile

Abucay is one of the oldest and third class municipalities in the province of Bataan, Philippines.
Located in the mideastern part of province, bounded to the north by the town of Samal; to the
south by the City of Balanga; Abucay has a muddy coastal line along the historical Manila bay to
the east and home of hundreds flora and fauna of Mt. Natib to the west. Abucay is 119 kilometers
from Manila or within a 50-km radius from Manila Bay..

Abucay has a total area of 10,686 ha. Covering both land and water jurisdiction. The land mass
area of is 7,970 ha. Or about 5.8 % of the total land area of Bataan and the municipal water area is
2, 716. Forty-four percent of the total area is ideal for habitation, lowland rice cultivation, orchard,
livestock and fish farming. A secondary forest covers the western portion, comprising nearly 38%
of Abucay’s land area. The forest is part of Bataan Natural Park, a declared protected area under
the National Integrated Protected Area System Law.

There are nine barangays in Abucay, namely: Bangkal, Calaylayan, Capitangan, Gabon, Laon,
Mabatang, Omboy, Salian and Wawa.

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History of the Municipality of Abucay, Bataan

The town of Abucay claims the distinction of being the second Dominican vicariate to be
established in the Philippines, next only to Manila.

It was the first mission station founded in the province by the Dominicans, led by Fr. Juan de Santo
Tomas Ormaza, who established their first settlement as early as September 1587, and from then
on ministered to the residents. But it was only on June l0 of the next year that the Dominican Order
accepted it as a parish, which they continued to administer until 1898.

The original given by the first Dominican missionaries was Santo Domingo. But by 1646, the town
came to be known as Abucay, the term believed to be derived from abu, the Tagalog word for
"ash".

The settlement must have often been razed to the ground, leading the natives to christen the town
with the scene they were so used to associate with it.

Abucay, which faces east towards Manila Bay, is bounded on the north by Samal, on the south by
Balanga, and on the west by the central mountains of the province. It is traversed by the river
Salian, which serves as a channel for small trading vessels transporting cargo, as well as a source
of irrigation and water supply for domestic chores like washing clothes. It is connected to all the
towns of Bataan by a provincial highway.

The town earned its place in early Philippine history when, in the war with the Dutch, the natives
showed courage and patriotism in sacrificing their lives in driving away the invaders.

Abucay is home to the famous V. Sierva de Dios Melchora, called Beata or Blessed, who had
devoted all her life to the service of the church and gave a most worthy example of virtuous life.
She died on May 1, 1860, at the age of 46

Tagalog speaking, the people of Abucay distinguished themselves from the natives of the other
towns of the province by their diligence in work, by their formality in entering into contracts, by
their theatrical characteristics, and even by the way they dressed and fixed their hair. Uniquely
different from the rest of their province mates, they were not a demonstrative folk and hence, not
very fond of serenades. Filipino traditional hospitality notwithstanding, in this town, strangers
were rarely admitted into the natives’ homes after Angelus.

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Table 1: Land Area by Barangay

BARANGAY LAND AREA PERCENTAGE TO

(in hectares) TOTAL AREA
Bangkal 1,154.95 14 %
Calaylayan 673.10 8%
Capitangan 1,346.20 17 %
Gabon 841.40 11 %
Laon 420.60 5%
Mabatang 1,766.80 23 %
Omboy 336.55 4%
Salian 1,178.00 15 %
Wawa 252.40 3%
TOTAL 7,970.00 100 %

Topography and slope

The terrain of abucay from the coastal to mountainous areas is shown in the topographic map. The
highest point, with elevation 1,556 m, is located in Mt. Natib. Terrain ranges from level at the eastern
part or near the coastal areas, to very steep in the western part or at Mt. Natib or Bataan Natural
park. The Topographic map shows the terrain of the municipality.

Slope classification is shown in Table2: Areas with level to nearly level slope still accounts for the
biggest area of the municipality. These are the coastal and rice land areas.

Table 2: Slope classification and area

Percent Slope (%) Area (ha) % to Total Area

0-2 1,785 22 %
2-5 1,695 21 %
5-8 935 12 %
8-15 1,430 18 %
15-25 770 10 %
25-40 560 7%
45-60 415 5%
Over 60 380 5%
TOTAL: 7,970 100 %
\

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Groundwater

Abucay is characterized by shallow and deep well areas and difficult areas. Places having these
formations are presented in the groundwater availability.

There are the three types of areas based on hydrogeological condition: quaternary formation area
(shallow and deep well area), tertiary formation area (deep well area) and other area (difficult areas
for groundwater exploration). The quaternary and tertiary formation areas have groundwater
development potentials.

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Soil Texture

From the coastal to the mountainous areas, the soil texture are hydrosol, fine sandy loam, fine
sand, clay and undifferentiated.

Soil texture influences internal and external drainage, thus a consideration in agriculture and
infrastructure development. Soils which are predominantly clayey or fine texture have poor
internal and external drainage. Coarse to moderately-textured coarse soils have good external and
internal drainage.

Volcanoes and Active Faults

Mt. Natib is an active volcano, having erupted within the last 10, 000 years (PhilVolcs, 2005 as
cited in PEMSEA and MBEMP- MBIN, 2007). It is stratovolcano with towering and rough peak.
There is no fault-line traversing the municipality, however, there are fault-lines in the nearby areas
such as East Zambales fault and the Gabaldon fault.

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River System

There are various rivers, creeks and spring traversing the municipality. These are sources of surface
water, which provide water supply to agricultural lands, freshwater aquaculture, tourism
establishments and poultry and piggery farms. Among the major ones are the salian River, Paliwas
River, Balantay River, Santa Cruz River and Apali River. Sibul Spring is a source of water of Sibul
Spring Resort and other creek, which eventually provides water supply to vast agriculture areas
and to the residential areas.

The Salian- Paliwas River System is the main drainage system in Abucay. The two rivers drain
into Manila Bay through the Abucay Channel.

Grass, shrub and trees serve as buffer along rivers. However in urban areas, buffer zones as
stipulated in the Philippine Water Code are not implemented in the municipality.

According to the Code there should be buffer areas of 40 m on both sides from the river banks in
forest, 20 m in built-up areas. This does not only prevent direct discharge of polluted and untreated
wastes and riverbank stabilization but also for the safety of the people, particularly in areas that
are frequently flooded.

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 Population and Demographics

In 2007, the total population of Abucay is 38,554. The largest concentration of population is in
Mabatang with 7,864 while Bangkal registered the least populated area with 560. Abucay account
for 5.8 percent of the total provincial population

Based on the census of population in 1995 and 2000, population density did not increase
significantly in all barangays.

Abucay registered four persons per hectare. The least populated was Bangkal with one person per
every 2.5 hectares and the most densely populated was Wawa with 17 people per hectare. In the
2007 census of population, Abucay registered five persons per hectare and Wawa registered a
tremendous increase from 17 to 28 persons per hectare. Table 1 shows the population and
population density per barangay during the three census years.

Table 1: Population and population density during census years per barangay

1995 2000 2007

Land
Barangay Area Density Density
(ha) Population (persons/ Population Density (persons/ ha) Population (persons/
ha) ha)
Bangkal 1,154.95 449 0.4 462 0.4 560 0.5
Calaylayan 673.1 3,552 5 3,859 6 4,322 6
Capitangan 1,346.20 3,532 3 4,561 3 5,438 4
Gabon 841.4 4,129 5 4,412 5 5,452 6
Laon 420.60 1,655 4 1,851 4 2,118 5
Mabatang 1,766.80 6,847 4 7,272 4 7,864 4
Omboy 336.55 3,034 9 3,286 10 3,265 10
Salian 1,178.00 1,685 1 1,885 2 2,564 2
Wawa 252.40 4,396 17 4,213 17 6,989 28
TOTAL 7,970.00 29,279 4 31,801 4 38,554 5
Source: National Statistic Office

Using the geometric formula method, the population growth rate based on the 1995 and 2007
census, the projected population from 2009 to 2019 per barangay .The overall population growth
rate of the municipalities is 2.32%, which is lower than the provincial rate of 2.53% but higher that
the national rate of 2.16%.

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Planning Context

By 2022, the Municipality of Abucay envisions becoming a premier municipality and identifies
the following priority areas for short and medium term programs and policies:

 Continuing education,
 Becoming a business friendly municipality,
 Low cost decent housing,
 Medical/health care and emergency services,
 Quality infrastructure,
 Crisis management,
 Healthy and sustainable environment,
 Public safety and police assistance,
 Public utilities and consumer protection,
 Good governance.

These priority areas are expected to rely on higher income from the municipality strategic
resources such as tourism, trade and commerce, education services, and infrastructure systems.

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 CHAPTER 3
THE LOCAL CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLANNING FRAMEWORK

In Municipality of Abucay, Bataan, the process for developing the Local Climate Change Action
Plan recognizes that this cannot simply be a linear process, but requires a variety of simultaneous
and interlocking activities. At every stage, these steps are complemented by two crosscutting
processes: stakeholder engagement and adaptive capacity assessment.

Assessment of vulnerability to social, Assessment of vulnerability to

economic, environmental, and climate change impacts
infrastructural and land use stresses

Local socio-economic development Local Climate Change

strategies, integrated development Assessment
plans, integrated city and
barangay development plans

Overlay to identify vulnerable

areas
Hazard mapping through the
World Food Program Disaster
Preparedness Program
Develop adaptation options and
actions

Prioritize actions

Abucay- Local CC Action Plan

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 CHAPTER 4
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

Municipality of Abucay, Bataan- Hazards and Disasters

The worst flooding in Abucay history was caused by Southwest Monsoon (HABAGAT) last 2012
which affected 80 per cent of the Abucay in August 2012. The “HABAGAT” affected in
Municipality of Abucay and its surrounding municipalities in the Province of Bataan, including
15,000 people or nearly 3,000 households based on reported by MSWDO

Thus far, the municipality has responded with infrastructural solutions, such as flood control
measures and intensified disaster risk management support at the barangay level. The results of
this initiative have been incorporated in the municipality latest Comprehensive Land Use Plan
although limited strategic actions in the long-term have been made.

According to a report from the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office, the existing
system for disaster response consists of structural and non-structural measures pursued in
partnership with national government agencies, civil society groups and community organizations,
development aid agencies, and other local government units. Present initiatives are informed by
the municipality history of flooding events, primarily from Southwest Monsoon (HABAGAT) in
2012.

The Emergency Operation Centre, MSWD Office, MDRRM Office – Area Coordination Centre
is the nerve center for emergency assistance to Abucay residents in times of disaster and/or
calamities. The municipality admits, however, that the office is not fully equipped to deal with
natural hazards other than flooding and drought.

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The disaster response system covers preparedness including community-based disaster risk
reduction advocacies and training, response (relief and rescue), and reconstruction focusing on
communities most susceptible to flooding. The disaster risk reduction strategies reported include:

 Hazard and risk assessments with various sectors that build on traditional practices and
local customs,

 Early warning systems are also in place, but are not entirely effective or accurate and would
benefit from simulations should resources be available. Hazard and risk monitoring
systems are in place for typhoons and flooding only,

 Community-based disaster preparedness and contingency plans that include publicized

evacuation routes,

 Regular training drills and evacuation rehearsals are performed in partnership with local
civil society groups, but only in schools and health facilities,

 Disaster response communication protocols,

 Watershed management/rehabilitation, protection of mangroves and habitats,

environmental quality monitoring, flood control projects, and river rehabilitation
programmes.

Vulnerability Assessment

Exposure is defined as the degree of climate stress upon a particular unit of analysis (i.e. the
municipality or parts thereof), and may be characterized as a long-term change in climate
conditions, or changes in climate variability, including the magnitude and frequency of extreme
events focusing. These determinants are indicated by empirical data on regional climate variability.

The second component is sensitivity, which shows the level of impacts of climate-induced, natural,
and human-made hazards affecting various systems in a municipality of Abucay. It is the degree
to which systems are affected and refers to characteristics inherent to the system, or those factors
and conditions that predispose an element or the system to risks. In this report, these refer largely
to the physical and socio-economic attributes of exposed elements like people, places, and
institutions.

The third component is adaptive capacity, demonstrating the munipical’s autonomous and planned
actions to climate change. This determinant zeroes in on mostly planned measures that directly or
indirectly mitigate or temper the impacts of climate change – which is an integral to long-term
system adjustments or adaptation. This assessment examined the present measures and how these
would likely fare with increased risks due to changes in exposure and/or sensitivity factors.

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Stakeholder Processes

A series of workshops with representatives from various local government units, regional-line
agencies, civil society organizations, and the private sector were conducted to facilitate a staged
vulnerability analysis. Relative vulnerability was measured through a composite-score, based on
the perceived level of threat and adaptive capacity (see Figure 1). The threat level is based on the
combined assessment of exposure or magnitude of hazards and drivers of sensitivity.

Adaptive capacity is based on the combined indicators of wealth, information, infrastructure,

institutions and social capital. Ascending values were assigned for threat level per hazard and
sector where a high value denotes a higher threat level (i.e. 5 = high, 1 = low). For adaptive
capacity, the lower the score the higher the adaptive capacity (i.e. 5 = low, 1 = high).

Figure 1: Staged Vulnerability Analysis

Vulnerability to Climate Change impacts Relative vulnerability

Threat Adaptive
Measure of vulnerability level Capacity

Current
Areas of Analysis Exposure Sensitivity Adaptive
Capacity

Present & Socio- Wealth

future Climate demographic information,
change date & characteristics of infrastructure,
institutions and
CC-Related affected elements
social capital
hazards
EXPOSURE ANALYSIS

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The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
(PAG-ASA) describe the climate of Bataan as monsoonal and governed by two climate. The
southern portion is classified under Type I with two pronounced seasons: dry from November to
April and wet during the rest of the year. Rains associated with the southwest monsoon come as
early as May, with July to September as the wettest months.

Rainfall

Based on observations from 1971 to 2000, Bataan gets the increase amount of rainfall from March
up to August, with December, January and February having the lowest levels of rainfall. February
has the least amount of rainfall (71.7 mm).

The amount of rainfall and the number of rainy days significantly rose, from 71.7 mm to 1326.2
mm, in the month of June and continued until August.

Extreme Events

From 1971 to 2000, the province of Bataan had 355 days with temperatures higher than 35°C,
which included 889 dry days. Some of these dry spells were caused by El Niño. Dry spells occurred
in the city when an El Niño-triggered long dry spell caused damage to rice fields in Central Luzon.
The Province of Bataan also experienced four days of heavy rains when more than 150mm of rain
poured within 24 hours.

EXPOSURE ANALYSIS:

Table 1: Seasonal Temperature increases (in Celsius) in 2020 medium-range emission

scenario in Bataan

TEMPERATURE by 2020 & 2050

32
31
30
degree Celcius

29
28
27
26
25
24
DJF MAM JJA SON
2020 26.4 29.8 28.4 28.3
2050 28.4 30.8 29.3 29.3

Seasonal Temperature

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The observed baseline for seasonal mean temperature, as well as the seasonal temperature
increases in 2020 and 2050 for Abucay, Bataan is shown in table 1. The observed baseline
temperature shows the mean temperature of Abucay, Bataan. for each season (e.g., DJF or
northeast monsoon season, MAM or summer season, JJA or southwest monsoon season, and SON
or transition from southwest to northeast monsoon season) based on the years 1971 to 2000. The
highest observed mean temperature of 29.8 °C to 30.8 °C was recorded in the months of March,
April, and May or during the summer season. For the projected change in temperature by years
2020 and 2050, the months of March, April, and May still have the largest increase in temperature
with 1.0 °C and 2.0 °C respectively.

Increasing Temperature

The temperature in Abucay, Bataan is projected to increase in the future and by 2020, the
temperature increase will range from 1.0°C to 2.0 °C. This will likely affect crop yields, forestry,
and coastal and marine life.

In Abucay Bataan, this may affect aquaculture activities and cause a heat island effect, which could
affect public health and energy consumption. By 2050, the mean temperature is expected to rise
between 2.0°C up to 2.4°C; worsening effects on natural resources including human population.
In Bataan, stakeholders expect that the increase will directly affect watersheds and, consequently,
the city’s water supply. It is also expected to further run down the already declining agricultural
production and fishery. More importantly, temperature increases could amplify the strength of
storms.

Seasonal Rainfall Change

The data on seasonal rainfall change of Abucay, Bataan is presented in table 2 by observed
baseline, change in 2020, and change in 2050. The months of June, July, and August (JJA) have
the highest observed baseline measurement of 1326.2 mm based on 1971 to 2000 data.

The rainfall change in 2020 indicates an increase for all season groups except for the southwest
monsoon season (September, October, and November). The northeast monsoon season and
summer season have the highest rain fall percentage increase of 16.3%. The rainfall change in
2050, on the other hand, shows a decrease in all season groups except for the southwest monsoon
season (June, July, and August). The months of March, April, and May have the largest decrease
in rainfall.

Table 2: Seasonal rainfall change (in %) in 2020 under medium-range emission scenario in
Bataan

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 1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
DJF MAM JJA SON

Observed Baseline (1971-2000) Change in 2020 Change in 2050

Changes in Rainfall

International Panel on Climate Change studies cite that increases in temperature catalyze
evaporation, leading to heavier precipitation. Generally, the province of Bataan is likely to
experience wetter seasons in the coming years.

Extreme Events

Data on extreme events such as: number of days with maximum temperature greater than 35 °C,
number of dry days, and number of days with average rainfall measurements greater than 200 mm
for the province of Bataan are presented in table 3. The number of days with maximum temperature
greater than 35 °C considerably increases from a baseline of 355 days to 1,855 days in 2020 and
3,108 days in 2050. The number of dry days on the other hand also significantly increases from a
baseline of 889 days to 5,701 days in 2020 and 5,754 days in 2050. Finally, the number of days
with rainfall measurements greater than 200 mm increases from a baseline of 8 to 12 days in 2020
and 2050.

Table 3: Frequency of extreme events in 2020 under medium-range emission scenario in

Bataan

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 No. of Days w/ Tmax >35 C No. of dry Days No. of Days w/ Rainfall > 200mm

OBS
OBS
1971- 2020 2050 2020 2050 OBS 2020 2050
1971-2000
2000 1971-2000
355 1855 3108 889 5701 5754 8 12 12

Source: The Philippine Climate Change (2011) by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services (PAGASA).

Summary of Climate Change Information

The summary of climate projections for the province of Bataan is shown in table 4.
Table 4: Summary of Climate Change

Specific Change
General Changes in Information about Patterns of
Climate Variable Expected and
Climate Variables Change
Reference Period

2020 2050
DJF 1.0 C 2.0 C
MAM Warmer temperatures in all
TEMPERATURE INCREASE
1.1 C 2.1 C season groups for both 2020
JJA 0.8 C 1.7 C and 2050 projections
SON 1.0 C 1.9 C

DJF 2.7 % -8.20%

MAM -
INCREASE / 5.2% -8.10% Increase in all season groups
RAINFALL
DECREASE JJA 9.4 % 29.10% except for (SON) in 2020.
SON - Decrease in all season groups
0.4% 1.50% except for (JJA) in 2050.

1,855 days in 2020

Increase in number of
3,108 days in 2050 A significant increase in the
days with Tmax
Observed baseline number of days with > 35 °C
> 35 °C
of 355 days
EXTREME EVENTS
5,701 dry days in
Increase in number of 2020 Significant increase in the
dry days 5,754 dry days in number of dry days
2050

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 Observed baseline
of 889 days

Bio-Physical Impacts of Climate Change

The preceding changes in temperature, rainfall and extreme events are expected to significantly
affect in Abucay, Bataan. The workshop participants identified flooding, storm surges, typhoons,
sea level rise, and drought to be the climate-related hazards, which can side-track development
efforts, if unmitigated.

DRIVERS PRIMARY IMPACTS ON

ABUCAY BATAAN

Varying seasonal Flooding

precipitation
C
li Storm Surge/ Typhoon
m
a
t
e Increasing temperature Sea Level rise

r
e
l Drought
a Extreme Events
t
e
d
Natural Hazard (Geologic) Liquefaction/ Active
Faults

Collect and organize Hazard information

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The natural hazards for the Municipality of Abucay, Bataan to be included in the analysis are
flooding and landslide hazards. Information on these natural hazards of the Municipality of
Abucay, Bataan are provided by hazard maps from mandated agencies such as MGB (Mines and
Geosciences Bureau), PAG-ASA, and DOST Project NOAH (Nationwide Operation of
Assessments and Hazards).

Flooding

The flood susceptibility map from Project NOAH shows that eight (8) barangays in Abucay,
Bataan are flood prone. This flood susceptibility ranges from low to high: areas located near bodies
of water have a higher susceptibility than other areas in the city.

Each barangay was classified according to their susceptibility to landslide and/or flooding. For
landslide susceptibility, the rating parameters are as follows:

A. High
•Presence of active and/ or recent landslides
•Presence of numerous and large tension cracks along slope adjacent to the community and that
would directly affect the community
•Areas with drainages that is prone to landslides damming
•Steep/Unstable slopes consisting of loose materials
•> 1 meter depth of floodwaters

B. Moderate
•Areas with indicative and/or old landslides
•Presence of small tension cracks along slope and are located away from the community
•Moderate slopes
•0.5 – 1 meter depth of floodwaters

C. Low
•Low to gently sloping
•No presence of tension cracks each barangay was rated into low, moderate or high for flooding
susceptibility with the rating parameters as follows:
•0 – 0.5 meter depth of floodwaters

With regards to landslide susceptibility, the barangays assessed include areas that are located on
and/or near slopes and riverbanks and have the potential for landslide occurrence. The rating of
each barangay presented herein particularly refers to the barangay proper since majority of the
population is located there. It should be noted, however, that the rating does not necessarily reflect
those of the sitios. These barangays were presented with a
Landslide Threat Advisory in forming their susceptibility to landslides and the corresponding
recommendations particular to the barangay.

The flood susceptibility of the barangays in the municipalities/cities was also assessed. Barangays
classified with moderate to high susceptibility to flooding are located in identified low portions of
the barangay, in topographically low-lying areas and/or near a major river system. These barangays

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 24

were presented with a Geohazard Threat Advisory in forming their susceptibility to flooding and
the corresponding recommendations particular to the barangay.

A. There are two (2) barangays with low to moderate susceptibility to flooding (Mabatang &
Omboy). The barangay proper has a low susceptibility to flooding.

B. There are two (2) barangays (Calaylayan and Capitangan) with moderate susceptibility to
flooding. It is located near the river where avulsion and overflow is possible, occurrence
of high tide and improper waste disposal in the river system constricting the natural
drainage.

C. There are four (4) barangays (Gabon, Laon, Salian and Wawa) having a moderate to high
susceptibility to flooding in the most areas of the barangay.

Rain-Induced Landslide

The rain-induced landslide map of Municipality of Abucay, Bataan which also comes from data
of DOST Project NOAH, points out that most of the landslide hazard would take place in the
mountainous portions, particularly near the boundaries of barangays Bangkal.

 In terms of landslide susceptibility one (1) barangay has a low to moderate susceptibility
to landslides Bangkal. The barangay is located in a rolling to hilly portion of the
municipality, moderate steep slopes and with tension cracks far from the community.
Creeping is also observed.

Typhoon/Tropical Cyclone

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 25

Based on reports from the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration and the MSWDO, Municipal Agriculturist Office – Area Coordination Centre and
confirmed by the stakeholders, the Abucay, Bataan is often affected by typhoons and tropical
storms.

Southwest Monsoon (Habagat) was the worst in terms of damages. According to the MSWDO,
Municipal Agriculturist Office– Area Coordination Centre based on reported last 2012.

Storm Surge

As of 2009, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

mapped the possible areas where storm surges are likely to occur. In Abucay, Bataan, the coastal
settlements along Barangay Wawa could experience variable wave surge from 1 to 4 meters
high.

Hazard Map

Drought

The Food and Agriculture Organization reports that among all natural disasters, drought affects
the number of people. The outcome of a drought related disaster could be wide spread and
devastating as it produces a complex web of impacts, which span many sectors of the economy,
especially the agriculture sector. This complexity leads to a lowering of food grain production due
to poor crop performance and depends upon the intensity and duration of drought stress.

Year 2015, Barangay Gabon was experienced moderate drought reported by Municipal
Agriculturist Office. With the trend in temperature increase for the past decades and projected rise

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 26

of 1.0 to 1.3C in 2020, the agricultural production in the municipality may decline and displace
farming communities–intensifying migration to the municipality.

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

According to a joint study by the World Bank and the United Nations, urban areas suffer greater
fatalities and economic losses than rural areas. While disaster and climate risks are considered,
external shocks that destroy development gains, disaster risk is “internal to development” because
it is configured over time through a complex interaction between development processes that
generate the conditions of hazards, exposure and vulnerability.

The settling of communities in high-risk areas is often a result of rapid and uncontrolled
urbanization, changes in land use, and greater variability to climate. These drivers alter population
distribution, relative wealth or poverty, and disaster risk over a short time horizon. When combined
with inadequate urban management, these drivers will continue to exacerbate existing risks and
natural hazards.

SOCIAL SECTOR

Flooding

Representatives from public and civil society organization groups in the social sector identified
that at least 8 residential barangays out of 9 barangays in Abucay, Bataan are at risk from flooding,
exposing almost 1,113 households in both formal (subdivisions) and informal housing areas based
on reported by barangays disaster risk reduction and management council. The sector also
identified potable water supply systems and education facilities likely to be affected by flooding.
Among the factors that contribute to these impacts are:

 Uncontrolled residential developments along waterways and coastal areas;

 Weak housing materials, especially for informal settlers;
 Poor drainage systems;
 Out-dated water pipes;
.
Typhoon and Storm Surge

Similar to flooding, the population most at risk from typhoons (strong winds) and storm surges
(wave surges) are those settlements in coastal areas, particularly the 260 informal settler families
whose dwelling units are made of makeshift materials. Specifically, storm surge, ports, sea vessels
and fishing boats and commercial establishments are also likely to be affected

Sea Level Rise

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 27

Permanent inundation of low-lying areas near the coast, with an elevation of 1 meter, is likely to
be affected by the end of the century based on the projections of some organizations. Mean sea
level in Southeast Asia is likely to increase by 40cm by the mid-century. Loss of habitats and
mangroves, reduction of land resources, and makeshift settlements are then expected to suffer from
this phenomenon.

In Abucay, Bataan structures including some aquaculture abutting the coastal area fronting the
Brgy. Wawa and Omboy face the highest risk compared to other near barangays.

Drought

Sensitive to this hazard are farmer families engaged in crop production and/or aquaculture,
children 0 to 9 years of age, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing cardio-vascular
conditions. The direct impact on 1,143 small-scale farmers in 6 barangays is the reduction in yield
of crops, depending on the growth stage and access to irrigation. This readily translates to
diminishing disposable income for basic needs.

Shortages in potable water supply can be expected in highly-dense barangays as well as increased
health risks, especially for populations of vulnerable ages (children and the elderly). The factors
contributing to the risks are inadequate or poor irrigation facilities and the limited reach of the
present water supply system, particularly in the urban fringe.

ECONOMIC SECTOR

Flooding

Economic stakeholders perceive that commercial assets, manufacturing, crop production and
aquaculture are most sensitive to flooding due to interruption of operations and reduction of
productivity levels.

The drivers of sensitivity to flood hazards include siltation of waterways and drainage, denuded
watersheds, unregulated development (e.g. residential, commercial areas), illegal fish pens, the
low elevation, erratic volume of rainwater, and inadequate storage facilities for crops.

Typhoons and Storm Surges

With reference to typhoons and storm surges, fish ports, fishponds, rice fields, and livestock
production are the most susceptible. Commercial fish ports are in the Municipality while fishponds
are spread out in the other barangay. Over 1328 hectares of croplands and 1143 farmers in Abucay,
Bataan are at risk.

Drought

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 28

The water supply is perceived to be the most susceptible to drought and would likely have
pervasive effects on the sector as water shortages will directly impinge on commercial and
industrial operations. The rice and crop lands, aquaculture areas, and livestock are likewise
sensitive to increasing temperatures.

Sea Level Rise

The rise in sea level is likely to affect about 3.7 per cent of manufacturing industries located in
Barangay Wawa.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Flooding, Storm Surges and Typhoons

The economic sector and critical support for the social sector, stakeholders identified that major
roads/ and facilities are almost equally susceptible to flooding, storm surges, and typhoons:

Among the contributing factors to this susceptibility are:

 An influx of informal settlers dwelling on natural waterways;

 Siltation and waste in rivers and estuaries hampering the ingress and egress of water and
increasing the cost of maintenance;

 An outdated drainage system.

Sea Level Rise and Drought

With regard to rise in sea level, various roads and a 6 km drainage system along the coast are most
exposed, including shallow wells in some settlements.

ENVIRONMENT

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 29

The environment sector of Abucay, Bataan is primarily concerned with the management of urban
environment quality, which focuses on waste management, pollution control, and the conservation
of protected areas, environmentally critical or constrained areas, and resources.

Flooding

Of the natural resources found in Abucay, Bataan the river system is perceived to be the most
predisposed to flooding due to heavy siltation, sedimentation, scouring, indiscriminate dumping
of waste, and the proliferation of illegal structures in the riverbanks.

Storm Surges and Typhoons

Storm surges and typhoons mostly affect coastal ecosystems, specifically the mangroves located
in 2 barangays (Wawa & Omboy). These mangroves serve as breeding grounds for marine life and
help filter sediment from upland developments. However, encroachment and destruction from
waste have destroyed significant mangrove populations, affecting livelihoods.

Drought

The mangrove areas and fish sanctuaries face risks including species migration and the invasion
of pests and diseases brought upon by drought and prolonged dry spells. Siltation, waste, and
encroachment of urban uses in buffer zones reportedly have increased the threat to these resources.

Sea Level Rise

Protected areas and critical habitats including ground water sources, surface water, and watershed
are likely to be affected by the rising sea level. This could threaten future water supply for domestic
and industrial uses, and irrigation. Stakeholders cite deforestation, nutrient loading, and
uncontrolled groundwater extraction as factors that heighten the sensitivity of these resources.

LAND USE

Across sectors, the impacts of climate change manifest spatially, indicating a strong
interdependence of elements and resources at risk. More importantly, the pattern of impacts across
space underpin a policy environment that has long directed growth to areas that are now
constrained, requiring major shifts in land use allocation and development controls. The workshop
surfaced this realization as the sectors recognize the overlapping location of resources at risk and
their underlying causes.

Flooding

Formal and informal residential developments are at risk from flooding, comprising 7,970 hectares
spread over the 9 barangays districts, except for the Brgy. Bangkal. Commercial sites are also at a

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 30

relatively high risk, totaling 876 hectares. Public parks, cemeteries, and institutional sites are not
exempted. Public offices along the border of the municipality of Abucay, Batan are most likely to
experience service disruption or will be very difficult to access during heavy rains compared to
other areas.

Storm Surges and Typhoons

Coastal developments (residential, commercial, beach tourism), in the municipality of Abucay,

Bataan are directly threatened when it comes to storm surges and typhoons. Industrial sites are
also affected with the interruption of services contingent with these hazards. The most vulnerable
elements along these areas are structures that are built of less sturdy materials.

Drought and Sea level Rise

The lands most susceptible to sea level rises are:

 Agricultural land (1,328 hectares) in 6 barangays in Abucay, Bataan

 Critical habitats and mangrove areas in Brgy. Wawa and omboy

Owing to their direct exposure to rising temperature or sea level, the location of these land uses,
declining quality of natural resources, and unregulated adjacent developments are among the
stressors that magnify the susceptibility of these land resources.

Despite the rather long history of flooding and typhoons in the city, the same land uses are evident
and intensifying in the same areas over time. The threat of flooding in residential areas can induce
displacements and migration. However, with the economic and infrastructure systems equally
affected, these movements are constrained due to losses incurred.

SUMMARY OF SENSITIVITY DRIVERS AND PERCEIVED LEVEL OF THREAT

Confirming the interconnectedness of sensitive resources and causes, Table 1 summarizes the
common areas that predispose the different sectors to water-related hazards and drought.

Table 1. Sensitivity Drivers/Stressors

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 31

 FLOODING,STORM
SECTOR SURGE/ TYPHOON AND DROUGHT
SEA LEVEL RISE
 Weak housing  Number of informal
materials settlers defendant on
 High age dependency agriculture and
SOCIAL ratio fisheries
 Population along the  Population dependent
coast on agriculture and
 Defective water fisheries
supply pipes  Defective water
 Access to land tenure supply pipes
 Volume of solid waste
improperly disposed
 Clogged drainage
 Rate of conversion of  Rate of conversion of
land areas for urban land areas for urban
uses uses
 Number of illegal  Crop variety
ECONOMIC structures along (resistance level to
coastal areas/ creek hazards)
 Outdated/ clogged  Low functionality of
drainage system irrigation support
 Economic activities  Crop variety
located below sea (resistance level to
level hazards)
 Weak coastal
defenses
 Settlement in low  Defective/ outdated
lying areas and water supply lines
INFRASTRUCTURE waterways  Increasing demand
 Old infrastructure for utilities
 Limited capacity of
utility system
 Defective water
supply pipes
 Increasing demand for
utilities
 Rate of conversion of
land areas for urban
LAND USE uses based on service
demand
 Intensity of coastal
developments

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 32

  Conflicting/
competing land uses
 Destruction of  Pollution level
mangroves,  Sedimentation and
conversion of nutrient loading from
mangroves to urban agricultural lands
uses (intensity of
ENVIRONMENT coastal development)
 Population along
easements of
waterways and
foreshore
 Level of pollution
from settlements and
sedimentation from
uplands
 Weak coastal
defences
 Overfishing

Adaptive Capacity Analysis

Urban resilience describes the ability of a municipality to withstand or accommodate stress and
shocks such as climate change impacts and natural hazards, while still maintaining its function. At
the urban scale, resilience will depend on the ability to maintain essential assets as well as to ensure
access to services and functions that support the well-being of citizens. This is particularly
prevalent for populations lacking access to financial, material, and social capital that can be used
to buffer the stresses and enable long-term adjustments.

Urban populations depend on interrelated and interdependent urban systems (e.g. infrastructure,
ecosystems, institutions, and knowledge networks) that support and are supported by social agents
– both private and public.

The resilience of a municipality depends on the fragility of the urban system and the capacity of
social agents to anticipate and take action to adjust to changes and stresses considering constraints
on resource access and supporting systems. The Overseas Development Institute elaborates this
capacity at the local level as:

CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES THAT REFLECT A HIGH

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
Asset base Availability of key assets that allow the system
to respond to evolving circumstances

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 33

 Institution and entitlements Existence of an appropriate and evolving
institutional environment that allows fair
access and entitlement to key assets and capital
Knowledge and information The system has the ability to collect, analyse
and disseminate knowledge and information in
support of adaption activities
Innovation The system creates an enabling environment to
foster innovation, experimentation and the
ability to explore niche solution in order to
take advantage of new opportunities
Flexible forward-looking decision making and The system is able to anticipate, incorporate
governance and respond to changes with regards to its
governance structure and future planning

The adaptive capacity relies on regular services, programmes, national policies, and civil society
organization networks for support. Current measures addressing climate risks are mandate-driven
and concentrate on social services disaster responses directed towards addressing the impacts of
flooding. This is evident in the structural measures pursued by the city (e.g. flood control).

Private sector participation is also minimal, except for the infrastructure sector, implying heavy
dependence on local drawn resources and aid from international agencies. Noticeable in these
measures is the absence of a focused target based on earlier assessments of threat levels. As
impacts are context-specific, adaptive measures should likewise be so.

Building knowledge to inform decisions of both the public and private sector is also limited to
information, education campaigns activities. Recently, there has been a deliberate effort to improve
decision parameters through the use of risk data generated by national agencies and some
development organizations. As for governance, typical processes seem to apply like usual planning
tasks and regulation. Pro-active measures for all hazards are not readily discernible.
It is also worth noting that measures to address the impacts of drought are also very limited,
perhaps, because the city has not experienced such a hazard in recent decades and because the city
is no longer agriculture-based.

Following the identification of adaptive capacity measures, the stakeholders scored their present
level of response/action on climate risks.

In terms of hazard, the municipality is most keen on averting the impacts of typhoons and flooding,
and least equipped for sea level rises and drought. The municipality’s lessons from past typhoons
and flooding events have improved their risk reduction responses, as seen in the foregoing
measures that it has been pursuing. The maturing capacity for disaster risk response best explains
this score.

Drought and sea level rise, on the other hand, are remote events to the municipality and are not
perceived to be as pressing as floods or typhoons. This explains the minimal actions and
investments on these hazards.

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 34

By sector, infrastructure posted the highest level of adaptive capacity as seen in the focus on
structural solutions for water-related hazards. The social sector has the lowest level of adaptive
capacity, owing to the short-term and disaster-response paradigm adopted for its services. Further,
its capacity heavily relies on the performance of other sectors, which generally scored low to
medium in many of the hazards identified.

CHAPTER 5

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Goals

The goals of the Municipality of Abucay, Bataan Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2021
are anchored on the following goals of the National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028:

1. Building the adaptive capacities of men and women in their communities

2. Ecologically sound community
3. Increasing the resilience of vulnerable sectors and natural ecosystems to climate change
4. Optimizing mitigation opportunities towards gender-responsive and rights-based
sustainable development.

Objectives

The specific goals of the Municipality of Abucay, Bataan Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-
2021 mirrors the work priorities defined in the National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028
on food security, water sufficiency, environmental and ecological stability, human security,
climate friendly industries and services, sustainable energy and knowledge and capacity building.
. These objectives include:

1. To ensure availability, stability, accessibility and affordability of safe and healthy food amidst
climate change
2. To ensure the resilience of water resources, manage supply and demand, manage water quality
and promote conservation
3. To protect and rehabilitate critical ecosystems and restore ecological services
4. To reduce the risks of women and men to climate change and disasters
5. To create green and eco-jobs and sustainable consumption and production
6. To promote and expand energy efficiency and conservation and develop sustainable and
renewable energy, environmentally sustainable transport
7. To enhance the knowledge on climate change, capacity for climate change adaptation,
mitigation and disaster risk reduction

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 35

 CHAPTER 6

MUNICIPALITY OF ABUCAY, BATAAN CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND

ADAPTATION INITIATIVES (2017-2022)

The manifestations of climate change in the form of temperature increase, flooding, increased
precipitation, frequency and intensity of typhoons, sea level rise, storm surge, etc. have impacts
on the municipality’s economy, environment, infrastructure, land use and on the municipality’s 9
(nine) barangays. Given its coastal location at Barangay Wawa, formation of marine and riverine
water bodies around it, and its fast growing urban population, Abucay, Bataan is greatly vulnerable
to the impacts of climate change, and has already experienced noticeable adverse effects in recent
years. Without concerted national and local action, the challenges the municipal will face as a
result of climate change are expected to intensify in the medium or long term.

In response to this and in consonance with the Climate Change Act (Republic Act 9729) which
provides the policy framework with which to systematically address the growing threats on
community life and its impact on the environment,

The Municipality of Abucay Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2021 is anchored on the
national climate change framework strategy which has recently been translated into a National
Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP), which adopts the following priorities:

1. food security
2. water sufficiency
3. ecological and environmental stability
4. human security
5. climate-smart industries and services
6. sustainable energy
7. knowledge and capacity development

The expanded technical working group conducted an initial identification of climate change
mitigation and adaptation initiatives to enable the municipality to adjust to the impacts of climate
change such as the increasing temperature of 1.0°C to 2°C throughout the year, the heavier rains
causing floods during the wet seasons of June to February, and the typhoons caused by heavy rains
alone in addition to typhoons accompanied by strong winds. Included below is the list of mitigation
and adaptation initiatives per climate change hazard and per the seven priority areas of the National
Climate Change Action Plan 211-2028.

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 36

Temperature Increase

To enhance the municipality ability to adjust to the increasing temperature of 1.0°C to 2°C from
2006 to 2035, the technical working group and representatives of the hotspot barangays suggested
the mitigation and adaptation options stated below. One of the primary issues of Abucay, Bataan
is the potential occurrence of higher temperature in its highly built up zones in the urban areas.

The suggested options focus on enhancing the reducing the concentration of greenhouse gas
emissions, creating open spaces to retain areas with natural/soil cover, and reducing use of
materials contributing to heat absorption.

Mitigation / Adaptation Initiatives for Temperature increase 2017-2022

NCCAP
PROJECT/ACTIVITY PRIORITY RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATIO
RESPOND TO OFFICE N PERIOD
Development of Green urban
centers, infrastructures,
structures and open spaces

Urban Greening and restoration/

rehabilitation of public open
spaces

 Lansdcapping/ greening of
parking lots  Ecological and  Municipal  2017-2022
environment Engineering
 Relandscaping of Abucay stability Office  2017-2022
Plaza
 Municipal
Engineering
 Enforcement of the Office, Assessor
network of green space, Office
greenbelt  2017-2022
 Zoning/ MPDO

Reduction of Greenhouse  Ecological and

Gas through environment
stability
 Anti-smokebelching All department
ordinace  Human security offices concerned 2017-2022

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 37

  Clean development  Climate-smart
Mechanism program with industries and
DENR services

 IEC and advocacy for reduced

use of fossil fuels for cooking,
transport, etc.

Advocacy on climate –
responsive agriculture and
fisheries 
Food security  Municipal of 2017-2022

Ecological and Agriculturist
 Crop varieties, crop rotation environmental Office
and other relevant farming stability
technologies for urban  Human security
farmers with DA, PAG-ASA,  Water
DOST sufficiency
 Marine fisheries and  Knowledge
aquaculture and capacity
development
Advocacy for the use of climate  Ecological and
change friendly” Construction environmental  MPDO,
materials- green friendly materials stability Municipal
(avoidance of heat conducting  Knowledge Engineering 2017-2022
materials) and capacity Office
development
Building awareness and capacity
in health programs to adjust to  human security  MHO
increasing temperatures through  knowledge 2017-2022
massive health education and and capacity
behavior change communication development
project (advocacy and information
and education campaigns) and
living a healthy lifestyle,

FLOODING DUE TO INCREASED PRECIPITATION

Mitigation / Adaptation Initiatives for Flooding Due To Increased Precipitation

NCCAP PRIORITY
PROJECT/ACTIVITY RESPONDED TO RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
OFFICE PERIOD

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 38

 Improving flood
management

Drainage Improvement
Project in coordination
with DPWH  ecological and
environmental MEO, MPDO 2017-2022
drainage pipes stability
 human
outfalls security

waterways
of
barangay canals,
drainage system

additional drainage lines

Elevation of
horizontal/vertical  ecological and
facilities and environmental MEO, MPDO 2017-2022
infrastructure (including stability
barangay halls, day care
 human
centers, foot walks, etc.)
security

Improving solid waste  ecological and

collection and disposal environmental MEO, MPDO
(as a means at preventing stability 2017-2022
clogging of debris and  human
solid wastes in the security
municipal drainage
system

Protection of floodway
channels from  ecological and
obstructions and illegal environmental
structures to maintain MEO, MPDO 2017-2022
stability
good flow of water (in
 human
coordination with
security
DPWH)

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 39

 Development and
distribution of tri-  ecological and
media/multi-sectoral IEC environmental MDRRMO,
and advocacies MAO 2017-2022
stability
 human
for flood resilient security
barangays  climate-smart
industries and
construction of flood services
control/management and  knowledge and
flood–resilient capacity
infrastructure and development
facilities

Improvement of existing
facilities that can form
part of a network of
emergency evacuation MPDO, MEO, 2017-2022
centers equipped with  ecological and MDRRMO
appropriate facilities environmental
(gyms, large barangay stability
multi-purpose halls,  human
schools, etc.) for security
vulnerable communities

Prioritization of
MDRRMC/BDRRMCs’  ecological and
emergency tools and environmental LDC, 2017-2022
equipment for hazards stability MDRRMC,
such as floods in the  human MPDO
Comprehensive security
Development Plan and  knowledge
Investment Program as and capacity
well as in the annual development
Barangay Development
Plans

Preparation of the
Municipal Disaster Risk  ecological and MDRRMC,
Reduction and environmental MPDO, 2017
Management Plan with stability MDRRMO
adequate provisions for  human
such hazards as floods security

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 40

 Flooding Brought on
by Typhoons

Prohibition of  ecological and MEO, Zoning, 2017-2022

construction of houses environmental Liga ng mga
and establishments in stability Barangays
danger zones  human
security

Relocation of households  ecological and

in danger areas to safer environmental MEO, Liga ng
resettlement sites stability mga Barangays 2017-2022
 human
security

Regulation of building
construction and  ecological and MEO
advocating for environmental 2017-2022
structurally sound houses stability
that can adapt to strong  human
winds and floods (with security
rainwater harvesting
facilities)

Installation of CCTV in  ecological and MDRRMC, 2017-2019

strategic areas (partly as environmental MDRRMO
monitoring system for stability
hazards such as floods)  human
security

SEA LEVEL RISE

Mitigation/Adaptation Initiatives for Sea Level Rise 2017-2022

NCCAP PRIORITY
PROJECT/ACTIVITY RESPONDED TO RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
OFFICE PERIOD

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 41

 Elevation of classrooms  ecological
in areas affected by and MEO, School 2017-2022
flooding caused by sea environmental Board, DepEd
level rise stability
 human
security

Controlling  ecological
development of and 2017-2022
MEO, Zoning
settlements along environmental
riverbanks and coastal stability
areas  human
security

Prioritization of
MDRRMC/BDRRMCs’  ecological LDC,
emergency tools and and MDRRMC,
equipment for sea level environmental
rise events in the stability
MPDO 2017-2022
Comprehensive  human
Development Plan and security
Investment Program as  knowledge
well as in the annual and capacity
Barangay Development development
Plans

Improvement of existing
facilities that can form
part of a network of  ecological
emergency evacuation MPDO, MEO, 2017-2020
and MDRRMO
centers equipped with environmental
appropriate facilities stability
(gyms, large barangay
 human
multi-purpose halls,
security
schools, etc.) for
vulnerable coastal
communities

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 42

 Preparation of the
Municipal Disaster Risk  ecological
Reduction and and MDRRMC, 2017-2018
Management Plan with environmental MPDO,
adequate provisions for stability MDRRMO
such hazards as sea level  human
rise security

Establishment of  ecological and

barangay-based environmental MDRRMC,
emergency response stability MDRRMO 2017-2019
protocols for sea level  human
rise events for coastal security
barangays

Installation of CCTV in
strategic areas (partly as  ecological
monitoring system for and MDRRMC, 2017-2019
hazards such as sea level environmental MDRRMO
rise) stability
 human
security

TYPHOONS WITH STRONG WINDS

Mitigation/Adaptation Initiatives for Typhoons with Strong Winds 2017-2022

NCCAP PRIORITY
RESPONDED TO RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
PROJECT/ACTIVITY OFFICE PERIOD

Improvement of existing
facilities that can form  ecological MPDO, MEO,
part of a network of and MDRRMO 2017-2020
emergency evacuation

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 43

 centers equipped with environmental
appropriate facilities stability
(gyms, large barangay  human
multi-purpose halls, security
schools, etc.) for
vulnerable communities

Prioritization of
MDRRMC/BDRRMCs’  ecological
emergency tools and LDC, 2017-2022
and
equipment for typhoons MDRRMC,
environmental
with strong winds in the MPDO
stability
Comprehensive  human
Development Plan and security
Investment Program as  knowledge
well as in the annual and capacity
Barangay Development development
Plans

Preparation of the
Municipal Disaster Risk  ecological
and MDRRMC, 2017-2018
Reduction and MPDO,
environmental
Management Plan with MDRRMO,
stability
adequate provisions for
typhoons with strong  human
winds security

Establishment of
barangay-based
emergency response
 ecological
protocols for typhoons MDRRMC, 2017-2018
and
with strong winds for MDRRMO
environmental
coastal barangays and
stability
other vulnerable areas
 human
security

DROUGHT AND DRY SPELLS

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 44

Mitigation/Adaptation Initiatives for Drought and Dry Spells 2017-2022

NCCAP PRIORITY
RESPONDED TO RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
PROJECT/ACTIVITY OFFICE PERIOD

advocacy and IEC for  ecological and

household water environmental MDRRMO 2017-2022
conservation stability
 human
security
 water
sufficiency

Regulation of
commercial water  ecological and MPDO
dealers in the environmental
municipality 2017-2022
stability
 monitoring of  human security
volume of  water
groundwater sufficiency
extracted
 proper siting
 proper business
permit papers

IEC and Advocacy for

the proper siting, design MDRMMO
and construction of dug  ecological and
wells at private environmental 2017-2022
properties and at stability
barangay facilities  human security
 water
sufficiency

Prioritization of
MDRRMC/BDRRMCs’  ecological LDC, 2017-2022
emergency tools and and MDRRMC,
equipment for such MPDO
Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 45
 events as draught, environmental
extended dry spells or El stability
Niño in the  human
Comprehensive security
Development Plan and  knowledge
Investment Program as and capacity
well as in the annual development
Barangay Development
Plans

Preparation of the MDRRMC, 2017

Municipal Disaster Risk  ecological MPDO,
Reduction and and MDRRMO,
Management Plan with environmental
adequate provisions for stability
such events as draught,  human
extended dry spells or El security
Niño

Establishment of  ecological
barangay-based and MDRRMC,
emergency response environmental MDRRMO
2017-2019
protocols for draught, El stability
Niño or extended dry  human
spells for vulnerable security
barangays

STORM SURGE

Mitigation/Adaptation Initiatives for Storm Surge 2017-2022

NCCAP PRIORITY
RESPONDED TO RESPONSIBLE IMPLEMENTATION
PROJECT/ACTIVITY OFFICE PERIOD

Procurement and  ecological and

installation of early environmental
warning stability MDRRMO, 2017-2022
devices and systems at MEO
coastal
communities/barangays  human
security
Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 46
 Retrofitting of existing
public school
classrooms to adapt to  ecological and DepEd, School 2017-2022
storm surges and strong environmental Board, MEO
winds stability
 human
security

 ecological and
Construction of environmental
complete and well- MEO,
stability
designed dikes and MDRMMO 2017-2022
 human
seawalls security

Prioritization of
MDRRMC/BDRRMCs’  ecological
emergency tools and and LDC, 2017-2022
equipment for storm environmental MDRRMC,
surge events in the CDP, stability MPDO
Investment Program and  human
Annual Barangay Dev’t. security
Plans  knowledge
and capacity
development

 ecological
Installation of CCTV in and
strategic areas along the environmental
2017-2019
coastlines (partly as stability
monitoring system for  human LDC,
hazards such as storm security MDRRMC,
surges)  knowledge MPDO
and capacity
development

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 47

 Establishment of
barangay-based
emergency response  ecological MDRRMC,
and MDRRMO
protocols for storm 2017-2018
environmental
surge events for coastal
stability
barangays
 human
security

Conduct of research on
storm surge and  ecological and
establishment of an IEC environmental MDRRMC, 2017-2022
and Advocacy Program stability MDRRMO,
for the citizens  human security MPDO
 knowledge and
capacity development

CHAPTER 7

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

The Municipality of Abucay, Bataan recognizes the importance of plan implementation and policy
enforcement in realizing targets, achieving goals and objectives for the realization of the ultimate
vision of a climate change-resilient city and citizenry. It believes that in implementing the
Municipality of Abucay Local Climate change Action Plan 2017-2022, resources, institutional
structures and procedures, among others are required in order for it to be implemented and
enforced. The Local Government Code allowed great flexibility for highly urbanized municipality
like Abucay, Bataan to design and implement its own organizational structure and staffing pattern
taking into consideration its goals and objectives is contained in the LCCAP and accountability to
the community. In realistically implementing the municipality’s LCCAP, a number of pre-requisite
measures and instruments other than the existing DRRM Program are needed. Plan implementation
includes the establishment of detailed work systems, and institutional mechanisms that are
responsive to the goals and objectives of the LCCAP and the formation of partnerships and
cooperation arrangement with stakeholders. Expected outputs include Approved Institutional
Structure and Systems and Procedures, Investment Programs, Information, Education and
Communication (IEC) Plan /Advocacy.

The following steps shall be adopted in implementing the LCCAP:

1. Strengthening of Existing Institutional Structures and Mechanisms such as but not limited to
the MDRRM Council, Climate Change Adaptation, etc.

2. Assessment and Prioritization of Programs and Projects identified in the Municipality of abucay,
Bataan LCCAP 2017-2022

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 48

3. Preparation of an IEC Plan to ensure Transparency and Accountability in the Implementation
of the LCCAP

4. Review and Revision of the LCCAP and DRRM Budget for Institutional Structure and
Mechanism; Programs/Projects for implementation; Implementation Partnership Arrangements
and IEC Promotions

A. Strengthening of Existing Institutional Structure and Mechanisms

To implement and enforce the Abucay, Bataan LCCAP 2017-2022, people, institutional structures
and procedures, among others are needed. The Municipality of Abucay, Bataan shall design and
implement its own organizational structures and staffing patterns taking into consideration the
goals, objectives, plans, programs and activities contained in the LCCAP. It can start by
strengthening existing work structures like the Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Council, Climate Change Adaptation Municipality of Abucay, Bataan Solid Waste Management
Board, etc. The Local Government Code serves as the legal basis for the following activities.

A1. Review of existing local organizational structure, staff composition, and responsibility
centers (vis-à-vis the requirements to effectively implement and enforce the LCCAP)

The review shall cover all operating units which are mandated by law or generic to the municipality
government of Abucay and its special bodies or units that were created for purposes relevant to
LCCAP implementation and enforcement. Special bodies may be on a permanent or ad hoc tenure
and its mandate on the review of organizational structure shall be governed by the limitation set
forth by the Local Government Code (LGC), Civil Service Commission (CSC) and other relevant
laws and legally constituted authorities. Permanent structures may include the Local Development
Council, School Board, Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Municipal
Development Plan Council, the Sangguniang Bayan Council which was created by a Municipal
ordinance, where the city mayor sits as Chairman and which was created through an Executive
Order. And other task forces, committees, boards, and councils.

The following Template shall be used in reviewing the municipal organizational structure and
support and may include the following:

OFFICES BODIES DIRECTLY IMPLEMENTING THE LCCAP

 Municipal Planning Development office

 Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

 Municipal Agriculturist’s Office

 Municipal Engineer’s Office

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 49

  Municipal Health Office

 Municipal Assessor’s Office

 PNP

 BFP

 Municipal DRRM Council

 School Board

 Peace and Order Council

 Municipal Tourism and Dev’t. Office

b. Revisit of existing operational guidelines (vis-à-vis the requirement of the LCCAP)

This activity is designed to ensure transparency, accountability, efficiency and compliance with
recent national policies that impact on the Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022. There is
a possibility that existing operational guidelines may only have to be amended in order to sustain
relevance and consistency with the development framework, goals, objectives, plans, programs,
activities and policies in the LCCAP. An upcoming guideline that is soon to be issued by the DILG
for cities and municipalities is the Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
Integration.

c. Identification of mechanisms for LCCAP Policy Enforcement

In identifying mechanisms for implementing policies and regulations embodied in the LCCAP,
the following shall be adopted:

f the MDRRMO with regular staff, office, budget, office equipment and
supplies

to head
the institutionalized MDRRMO

ng and zoning permitting system with the

MDRRM Officer’s involvement in the approval process.

permits and management schemes based on the following considerations:

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 50

- Conformity with the LCCAP and DRRMP
- Adoption of DRR and CCA mechanisms and principles
- Enhancement or Promotion of food security, water sufficiency, human security, environmental
and ecological stability, climate-resilient technologies and services, sustainable energy

d. Identification of other DRR/CCA and environmental regulations needed to fully

implement the LCCAP

DRR/CCA and environmental regulations needed to fully implement the LCCAP, the CCA
TWG and/or the CDRRMC shall regularly review existing local ordinances and issuances related
to DRR and CCA and use development control for possible consistencies with the LCCAP and
possible gaps in development regulation. The most common development regulations include
special levy tax providing for incentives/disincentives, detailed area development
regulations/standards particularly for such areas as cultural heritage sites/zones, high risk/danger
zones, etc., industrial estates/subdivision development regulations. The CCA Technical Working
Group (TWG) or MDRRMC shall coordinate with the MPDO in studying, identifying and
recommending amendments in existing statutory ordinances found to be inconsistent with the
LCCAP and other plans and plan instruments. As maybe necessary, it shall also prepare draft
ordinances that will respond to the identified gaps in legislative measures needed to implement
and enforce the LCCAP.

e. Consolidation of the results of the institutional review and agreeing on proposed changes
(in organizational structure and additional mechanisms needed to implement the LCCAP).

In consolidating the results of the institutional review and reaching consensus on needed changes
and additions, the following shall be first approved by the Municipal Mayor and submitted to the
Sangguniang Bayan for deliberation and adoption proposed revised organizational structure to
include special bodies/committees to be constituted as a result of the organizational/institutional
review. The creation of the special bodies through an Executive Order shall likewise define the
following: functions of the committee/body, membership requirements and qualification
standards, time frame of the committee (the same special bodies are created for short term/urgent
programs hence may be short-lived), operating procedures/linkages with other offices/
departments. The revised organizational structure shall identify the following: staff requirements
and qualification standards, training/capacity building program, new office/unit to be
created/strengthened, budget requirements.

endments to existing ordinances found to be inconsistent with the LCCAP

r
various related permits/clearances.

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 51

 Assessment and Prioritization of Programs and Projects Identified in the LCCAP 2017-
2022

In undertaking the assessment and prioritization of the LCCAP’s programs and projects the
following assessments shall be made:

a. First Level Assessment: Checking for Relevance

During this phase, the Municipality of Abucay, Bataan shall check the desirability, redundancy,
practicality and efficiency of the consolidated general list of programs and projects in the LCCAP
2017-2022. These programs and projects shall be included in any investment planning exercise of
the municipality. This initial assessment may result in the short-listing of programs and projects.
The assessment of the relevance of the LCCAP’s programs and projects shall be mainly undertaken
by the CC Adaptation TWG, which will watch out for the following possible negative attributes
of the programs and projects.

b. Second Level Assessment: Determination of conflicts, compatibility and

complementarities

During this assessment, the municipal, through the CC Adaptation TWG and the
MDRRMC shall analyze the LCCAP’s short listed programs and projects in order to
determine conflicts, compatibility and complementarities. The assessment criteria shall be
as follows:

 Conflicting projects - those with expected benefits that tend to nullify the benefits of other
projects or when the implementation of which obstructs the implementation of another.

 Complementary projects - are those activities, components or objectives that mutually

support each other.

 Compatible projects - those that are neutral, that is, they neither complement nor conflict
with each other or those that can be implemented without affecting the benefits or costs of
the other projects.

Preparation of an IEC Plan to ensure Transparency and Accountability in the

Implementation of the LCCAP

In undertaking this step the CCA TWG shall work with the city’s Public Information Officer in
preparing an IEC and Advocacy Plan that shall include the following strategies:

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 52

 ntation briefing on the approved LCCAP for stakeholders e.g. business sector,
NGOs/POs, civil society, etc.

CHAPTER 8

REVIEW, MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monitoring and evaluation are important aspects of the LCCAP. These will be led by the Abucay
Local Climate Change TWG aimed at learning from the activities – what were done and how they
were done – by focusing on efficiency, effectiveness and impact. While the LCCAP is set for long
term, the strategies and plans are not totally fixed. If they are not working, or if the circumstances
change, then the LCCAP will need to be changed as well. Monitoring and evaluation informs
municipal decision makers when plans are not working, and when circumstances have changed;
therefore, they provide information needed to make decisions about changes that are necessary in
the plan or in the implementation mechanisms. Since monitoring and evaluation are based on the
targets and planned activities during the various phases in the implementation of the action plan,
setting the appropriate key performance indicators and targets are crucial.

The Municipality of Abucay LCCAP 2017-2022 is set up with the following systems:
• collecting and recording the information;
• analysing the information; and
• using information to inform decision makers

LCCAP monitoring is set annually and evaluation every three years. Annual monitoring provides
information that sets directions in setting priorities and budgets every year. Evaluation will focus
on efficiency, effectiveness and impacts. Monitoring is also through the periodic conduct of
meetings of the CCA TWG relative to plan implementation.

With its implementation plan already established, the assessment procedures of the effectiveness
of the Local Climate Change Action Plan (LCCAP) 2017-2022 shall be pursued by the municipal
through the Climate Change TWG and/or the MDRRMC assisted by the Municipal Planning and
Development Office (MPDO), Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office
(MDRRMO) and the municipal government’s other authorized program monitoring and evaluation
task units and work groups.

Monitoring, review and evaluation are to be performed basically for the purpose of assessing how
fully and how effectively the climate change mitigation and adaptation plan is being carried out.
On the whole, the process is meant to assess the overall impact of the plan to the quality of life of
the population.

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 53

 1. Purpose
The monitoring and evaluation of climate change impacts and the implementation and enforcement
of specific projects, activities programs and policies are what this activity is generally all about.
More specifically, this aspect of the program/project development cycle is for the purpose of
establishing and assessing the effectiveness of municipal’s LCCAP as determined by the quality
of life indicators set forth in the planned goals and objectives.
The activity is also for the purpose of evaluating conformity of approved development projects,
issued permits and clearances with the assessing impacts of development projects on the local
economy, environment and on social services, and ensuring completion of programs or projects
that are being implemented through a systematic and progressive assessment based on timetables,
cost and benefits to target groups or outcome.

2. Expected Outputs

The review, monitoring and evaluation system for the LCCAP shall yield expected outputs that
will include monitoring systems and procedures, and set of indicators for quality of life assessment,
monitoring system and procedures for climate change-responsive activities and Project Monitoring
Schemes (PMS).

3. Steps

In undertaking the city’s review, monitoring and evaluation of the LCCAP implementation and
enforcement the following steps shall be adopted:

a. Creation of the Municipal Monitoring Review and Evaluation (MRE) Teams. As an

important initial step in the M and E the establishment of Monitoring Review and
Evaluation Teams should be undertaken and ensured of the membership of organic
municipal government personnel like those at the MPDO, MDRRMO and to include multi-
stakeholders from the private sector and civil society. The team shall be a coordinative
body, which should also include representatives from barangays.

b. development of Monitoring Systems and Procedures At this stage, the development of

monitoring systems and procedures shall include the establishment of indicators,
benchmark data and frequency of monitoring activities to serve as guide in monitoring in
the following aspects:

 Quality of Life Assessment using the essential elements of the Vision adopted by
municipality of Abucay through the lens of climate change. This aspect of assessment can
be done through:

 The vision Reality Gap Analysis des, setting the Vision. Planning approach. These
indicators of abilities (“to be”) or capabilities (“to do”) include, among others, health (to
be healthy); nutrition (to be well-nourished); education (to be educated or to be
knowledgeable and skilled); fertility (to bear and rear desired number of children); and
migration (to travel in search of better economic and social opportunities)

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 54

  Project Implementation Monitoring System/Scheme (PMS) is basically a systematic design
of monitoring a particular project. It is a systematic, timely, and regular gathering of
feedback about the progress of a project in terms of inputs, operations and outputs, and the
timely provision of appropriate support or intervention, if need be. Actual data is compared
with the plan to determine whether clearance from funding and support agencies has been
sought and whether there are any deviations from the original plan.
The causes of deviations, if any, are examined and solutions/persons likely to solve the
problem and necessary interpretations are identified.

 Conduct of review and evaluation of action taken and development outcomes to determine
relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability. The intent is to incorporate
lessons learnt in the process.

c. Conduct of actual monitoring consistent with the developed system and procedures

 Conduct “comparing sessions”/consultative workshop on indicator of well-being for

quality of life assessment.

 Conduct decision mapping sessions/consultations/workshops on impacts of climate

change-responsive projects, activities, policies

 Conduct project monitoring sessions/consultation/workshop to determine stages of

implementation of activities, program/projects and policies.

d. Evaluation of the results of the monitoring activities Evaluation maybe done in two ways:

 On-going Evaluation - On – going and periodic evaluation is conducted to provide early

feedback to project management on the following concerns: policies affecting the project;
attainment of sectorial goals and objectives; adequacy of institutional arrangements; and
the appropriateness of project design and the level of resources. One familiar activity is the
conduct of mid-program and project evaluation to determine if the assumptions made
regarding the project environment and target group are still valid. The review likewise
helps determine whether the project should be modified due to environmental constraints.
Moreover, the review can ascertain how natural phenomena, local political events, national
and international incidents have affected the project (NCRFW, 1993: )

 Post Evaluation -On the other hand, post evaluation involves the systematic and objective
assessment of completed climate change-responsive development projects. It may be done
at the end of the project or sometime thereafter. It analyzes project outcomes and the
underlying factors which contribute to the project’s success or failure so that it can identify
the features that deserve replication in future projects as well as the pitfalls that need to be
avoided. The monitoring of LCCAP implementation will be integrated through the
established Project Monitoring Committee (PMC).

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 55

e. Submission of monitoring, review and evaluation reports, findings and recommendations to the
Municipal Mayor and the Sangguniang Bayan for consideration and appropriate action.
Findings and recommendations may lead to:

 Revisions of strategies, projects, programs, activities or policies provided for in the LCCAP
and environmental regulations and development control mechanisms defined in the
LCCAP.
 Repacking and refocusing of programs and projects, including financial aspects.

Local Climate Change Action Plan 2017-2022 Page 56