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Elements of Dramatic Poetry

The document defines and provides examples of the three main types of irony used in literature: dramatic irony, situational irony, and verbal irony. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something a character does not, like in Oedipus Rex. Situational irony involves unexpected outcomes, like a traffic cop getting a suspended license for unpaid tickets. Verbal irony uses words to express the opposite meaning, like sarcasm. Understanding these three forms of irony helps readers identify and interpret their use in creative works.

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181 views5 pages

Elements of Dramatic Poetry

The document defines and provides examples of the three main types of irony used in literature: dramatic irony, situational irony, and verbal irony. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something a character does not, like in Oedipus Rex. Situational irony involves unexpected outcomes, like a traffic cop getting a suspended license for unpaid tickets. Verbal irony uses words to express the opposite meaning, like sarcasm. Understanding these three forms of irony helps readers identify and interpret their use in creative works.

Uploaded by

Ma. Luz Calvo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEMENTS OF DRAMATIC POETRY

Poetry - A literary genre that gives emotion a special emphasis.


Drama - A written composition in prose that is meant to be performed by actors in a
stage.
Play - When the drama is performed in a theater.
Poetic expression - Is more than a series of words written together to describe a
person’s mind or feeling.
Creative writing- Is a form of artistic expression which draws on the imagination to
convey meaning through the use of imagery, narrative, and drama.
Dramatic poetry - Is any dramatic work that is written in verse and meant to be recited.
Dialogue - Conversation between actors on stage.
Monologue - Discourse or prolonged talk by a single speaker.
Volume - Loudness
Voice inflection - The rise and fall in the sound of your voice to change the pitch or tone.
Diction - The way you use and choose your words and phrases.
Articulation - Pronounce the words clearly and precisely.
Imagery - Use of descriptive words and sensory details to help the audience visualize
the scenary, emotions or sensation.
Tone - The author’s attitude toward the writting.
Voice - The individual writting style of an author in combination of syntax, punctuation,
diction, character development, and dialogue.
Mood - The atmosphere within a literary word with the intention of evoking a certain
emotion or feeling from the audience.
Satire - Use humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and critisize people’s
foolishness usually dealing with contemporary politics and other current event.
Sarcasm - The use of irony to mock or convey complent.
Irony
Verbal irony
Dramatic irony
Situational irony
Gestures - Expressive body movements.
Blocking - Plan their action on stage.
Rehearsal - Practice session so everyone involved is prepared.
Verbal irony - Words that meant the opposite of what you really want to say.
Dramatic irony - When the readers know something important that a character does not
know.
Situational irony - Contrast or difference between what is expected to happen and what
actually happens due to unknown forces.

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The Three Kinds of Irony
Irony, which dates back to the ancient works of Plato, is often used as a comedic, rhetorical, or
literary device. It refers to words being used to convey something different from their literal
meaning or an event’s outcome being different from the expected results. It is a common literary
technique that is frequently used in theatre and books. Some of Shakespeare’s works also feature
irony. In order to understand irony as it is used in speech and writing, it is important to know the
incongruity between actions and their meaning and words and their meaning. The three kinds of
irony most commonly used are: dramatic irony, situational irony, and verbal irony. Writers and
readers who understand these different types of irony are able to identify them and use them
easily.

Dramatic Irony

This type of irony, also called tragic irony, is very common in plays. It is also frequently used by
writers to keep readers captivated by creating incongruity between the action that will unfold and
the character’s present situation. In dramatic irony, a character in a play doesn’t know that his
words or actions reveal the play’s real situation. Often, the spectators know more than the
characters in the play. When used as a literary tool, it gives the reader a superior position and
encourages his hopes, fears, and curiosity regarding when and if the characters will discover the
truth about the situations and events in the story. Dramatic irony is best portrayed in “Oedipus
Rex” where the audience already knows that Oedipus has murdered his father and married his
mother. Oedipus, unaware of this, condemns himself to death without knowing that he is the
main cause of the problems in his kingdom. He confidently tells his brother-in-law that someone
who has committed such gravely sins and still expects mercy from the gods is simply foolish.
Both the audience and reader understand the entire situation better than he does. Another
example of dramatic irony is displayed in Shakespeare’s play “Merchant of Venice” where the
audience is aware that Lancelot is deceiving his father, that Nerissa and Portia are actually
Balthazar and his clerk, and that Jessica dresses as a boy.

Situational Irony

In situational irony, events come together in a surprising and unexpected way. In this case, the
outcome is inconsistent with what is expected. Situational irony is also called irony of events and
is generally viewed as a situation with sharp contrasts and contradictions. In literature, situational
irony builds up tension in a story. Writers frequently use it in literature as it is subtle and builds
upon a story’s events as compared to a single ironic sentence. An example of situational irony is
a man who steps away from a water hose because he doesn’t want to get wet then ends up falling
in a swimming pool. Another example is that of a traffic policeman who gets his license
suspended because of unpaid parking tickets.

Verbal Irony

This type of irony is closely connected to sarcasm. It is the most widely used form of irony. In its
simplest form, it involves two people having a conversation unlike other forms of irony which
require a “third” party to interpret the ironic situations. In verbal irony, a person speaks words
meant to express the opposite of what he’s saying. Verbal irony is very easy to incorporate into
different forms of writing. For it to be most effective, timing is everything. If it comes too late or
too early in a conversation, is spoken in an inappropriate circumstance, or is not accompanied by
the correct tone, it can be considered offensive or confusing. An example of verbal irony is a
person who mistakenly steps in a big puddle of water while walking with his friend. His friend
seeing this, smiles and helps him out saying, “You must be the luckiest person in the world.”
This comment will be seen as ironic and funny by both people and the two friends will probably
laugh the mishap off. Verbal irony requires an understanding of timing, attitude, and
circumstance.

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