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Developmental Task

This document outlines developmental tasks from infancy through school age. It discusses motor, sensory, language, social, and feeding milestones monthly from birth to 12 months. Developmental tasks from 1-3 years, 3-6 years, and 6-12 years are also outlined. The document notes special needs and the role of parents in supporting development. It provides bibliographic references on pediatric nursing.

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Priya Chakraborty
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384 views5 pages

Developmental Task

This document outlines developmental tasks from infancy through school age. It discusses motor, sensory, language, social, and feeding milestones monthly from birth to 12 months. Developmental tasks from 1-3 years, 3-6 years, and 6-12 years are also outlined. The document notes special needs and the role of parents in supporting development. It provides bibliographic references on pediatric nursing.

Uploaded by

Priya Chakraborty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DEVELOPMENTAL TASK & SPECIAL NEEDS

Development is the process of functional and physiological maturation of the individual. It is


progressive increase in skill and capacity to function. It is related to maturation and
myelination of the nervous system. It includes psychological, emotional and social changes.
It is qualitative aspects.

A Developmental task is a task that arises at or about a certain period of life, unsuccessful
achievement of which leads to inability to perform tasks associated with the next period or
stage in life.

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

A. INFANCY (12 Months)


 MOTOR DEVELOMENT

AGE IN DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS


MONTH
0-2 1. Able to lift the chin momentarily on prone position.

2-3 1. Able to lift the head and front part of the chest by supporting weight on
extended arms.
2. Able to move fist from close to open.
3. Able to bring hands to mouth.
4-5 1. Can hold head steadily in upright position.
2. Able to hold a rattle & can bring to mouth
3. Can reach a thing and grasped it crudely with palm.
5-6 1. Able to sit with support
2. Can hold a cube and transfer from one hand to another
7-8 1. Sit without support and roll in bed from back to side and back to abdomen.

8-9 1. Able to crawl in abdomen


2. Shows more control in rolling and setting.
9-10 1. Able to creep on hands and knees.
2. Able to pick up a pallet with thumb and index finger.
10-12 1. Can stand without support and walk holding furniture.
2. Pick up small bits of food and take it to mouth.

 SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
1. Able to regard bright objects at 20 cm distance.
2. While lying on back attempt to reach for a toy held over their chest.
3. Able to calm with rocking, touching and gentle sound.
 LANGUAGE
1. Cry when hungry or discomfort.
2. Produce cooking sound, makes eye contact
3. Reacts on sounds
4. Produces ‘amm’, ‘thaa’, ‘laa’
5. At 12 months can speak 3-5 meaningful words and can understand several
meaningful words.
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Able to turn head towards sound and smiles back to caregiver.
2. Able to recognize mother.
3. At 5 months enjoys own mirror image and enjoys variety of movements.
4. At 8 months can recognize unknown person and shows anxiety.
 FEEDING
1. Exclusive breast-feeding.
2. Latches on the bottle or nipple.
3. Dinks 2 to 6 ounce of liquid per feed.
4. Shows interest in mouth and opens as spoon approaches.

B. TODDLER (1-3 Years)


 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

AGE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

15 m 1. Walks independently.
2. Can walk several steps side wise and back wise.
3. Able to turn 2-3 pages at a time.
4. Squats to pick up a toy
18 m 1. Able to feed from cup
2. Takes shoes and socks off
3. Want potty, points the part of the body
4. Can build a tower of 2 blocks
2 year 1. Able to run and try to climb upstairs resting on each steps.
2. Build tower of 6-7 blocks.
3. Can copy horizontal line and vertical line.
3 year 1. Can walk on tip toes and stand on the leg for sec.
2. Ride tri-cycle
3. Can dress and undress.
4. Brush teeth with help
5. Can draw a circle
6. Build tower with 9 blocks.

 SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
1. Helps with getting dressed and undressed
2. Has a regular sleep schedule
 LANGUAGE
1. May use 5-10 words
2. Combines sounds and gesture
3. Imitate simple words and actions
4. Shows interest in pictures.
5. Understand 50 words minimum.
6. Use 6-20 meaningful words.
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Copies mother’s action
2. At 3 years achieved bladder control at night (Dry by night)
3. Fears dark
4. Interact and play simple games with peer.
 FEEDING
1. Can feed him/ herself without spilling
2. Incresed variety of table foods.
3. Holds and drinks from cup.

C. PRESCHOOL (3-6 years)


 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

AGE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS


3-6 1. Can jump and hop
years 2. Able to draw a plus () by 4 years and tittle cross(×) by 5 years of
age
3. Can draw a rectangle by 4 years a triangle by 5 years.

 SENSORY DEVELOPMENT
1. Able to copy letters
 LANGUAGE
1. Tell stories and describe recent experience
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Aggressive physically and verbally
2. Jealous of siblings but gradually improve behaviour and manner
 FEEDING
1. Can take variety of foods.

D. SCHOOL GOING (6-12 years)


 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
AGE DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

6-8 Years 1. Able to run and jump in better manner


2. Develop better hand-eye coordination
3. Able to write better and take self-care
8-10 Years 1. Play activity with different skills
2. Improving unitary skills and speed

10-12 1. Develop coordination and skill full manipulative activities and


Years games

 LANGUAGE
1. Able to use complete sentences to express feelings and follow commands.
2. Able to use parts of speech control
 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Play in groups
2. Learn discipline
3. Appreciate praise and recognition.
4. Participates in family discussion at the age of 10 years.
5. May show short burst of anger.

SPECIAL NEEDS
 Hearing disabilities
 Learning disabilities
 Physical disabilities
 Social and emotional disabilities
 Special dietary needs
 Visual disabilities

ROLE OF PARENTS
1. Parents should set a good example to their children.
2. Create an atmosphere of love in the family.
3. Parents should be active listeners to their pre- schoolers. Empathy should be at the
heart of parenting and care giving.
4. Parents should watch their words.
5. Sibling rivalry must be avoided.
6. Spare a quality family time.
7. Parents should find their way to create short stories, humors or healthy jokes, morals
before bedtime.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Datta P. Pediatric Nursing. 4th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers (p)
Ltd; 2018.p.266-268.
2. Hockenberry MJ. Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. 2nd ed. New Delhi:
Elsevier; 2019.p.549-551.
3. Pal P. Text book of Pediatric Nursing. 2nd ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers &
Distributors Pvt Ltd; 2021.p.2080-283.
4. Shudhakar A. Essentials of Pediatric Nursing.1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers
Medical publishers (p) Ltd; 2017.p.1080-1084.
5. Varghese S. Text book of Pediatric Nursing. 1st ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers
Medical publishers (p) Ltd; 2015.p.306-310.

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