CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (S.B.A)

YEAR OF EXAM: 2022

SCHOOL: RIO CLARO WEST SECONDARY

CENTRE #: 160049

SUBJECT AND PROFICIENCY: ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS (GENERAL)

PROJECT B:

TITLE: AN INVESTIGATION TO DETERMINE IF THE FIVE

(5)

COLOURS OF A WILD BERRY SKITTLES PACKAGE

IS EQUALLY ALLOCATED IN EACH

MANUFACTURED PACKAGE.

NAME OF TEACHER: MISS NEESHA MAHABIR

CANDIDATES NAME CANDIDATES NUMBER

Ali Shelly Ann 1600490619

Babooram Samantha 1600490635

Gopichandsingh Adriel 1600490708

Gopaul Ajay 1600490694

Harrikissoon Jimmiah 1600490716

1|Page
 Table of Contents

Page Number

Project Title…………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Purpose ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3

Method of Data Collection………………………………………………………………….. 4

Presentation of Data…………………………………………………………………………… 5

Mathematical Knowledge / Analysis of Data………………………………………. 12

Discussion of Findings…………………………………………………………………………. 23

Limitations ……………………..………………………………………………………………….. 24

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………….. 24

Suggestions………………………………………………………………………………………… 24

Appendix……………………………………………………………………………………………. 25

References…………………………………………………………………………………………. 26

2|Page
PROJECT TITLE

An investigation to determine if the five (5) colours of a wild berry skittles package is equally
allocated in each manufactured package.

PURPOSE OF PROJECT

While eating skittles in class we noticed that some of us preferred the red ones which is wild
cherry flavoured, while some of us rather the green ones which are melon berry flavoured,
however one pack of skittles had more red ones while another had less greens which brought us
to the assumption that the colours in a wild berry skittles pack is not equally proportioned.
Hence, we decided to carry out an investigation to determine if the colour distribution is equal.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The required data consists of the number of each coloured skittles in a manufactured pack, which
will be collected by members. A sample size of twenty-five (25) wild berry skittle packs will be
used, as well as statistical data and random sampling will also be used. The members of the
group each will buy five packs of wild berry skittles, each pack will then be labelled from letters
A-Y, each pack of skittles will then be opened and the total number of each of the five (5)
colours in the wild berry skittle package will then be counted, and lastly the data obtained for the
number of each colour of skittles in each pack will then be tabulated.

VARIABLES

 Colour of skittles
 Number of each colour of skittles

3|Page
TABLE 1: Displays a blank table that will be use to record the data obtained

Number Of Each Colour Skittles Sum of skittles in

each pack
Pack Pink Red Blue Purple Green
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y

4|Page
PRESENTATION OF DATA

TABLE 2: Displays the data obtained for the number of each of the five (5) colours in a skittle
pack
Number Of Each Colour Skittles Sum of
skittles in
Pack Pink Red Blue Purple Green
each pack
A 11 15 8 11 11 56
B 10 12 17 9 8 56
C 7 10 12 11 17 57
D 11 14 16 11 8 60
E 7 15 11 13 11 57
F 13 12 10 11 11 57
G 12 10 12 10 13 57
H 3 12 15 15 12 57
I 9 17 13 10 7 56
J 13 7 8 18 10 56
K 12 9 13 15 10 59
L 12 10 13 9 13 57
M 12 12 14 7 13 58
N 4 10 16 13 14 57
O 10 12 13 11 10 56
P 5 16 9 15 12 57
Q 7 15 10 18 9 59
R 8 9 14 13 16 60
S 12 11 11 14 8 56
T 12 10 15 14 9 60
U 12 12 8 16 11 59
V 5 9 11 18 15 58
W 11 14 10 12 13 60

5|Page
 X 7 14 9 17 12 59
Y 5 17 12 16 9 59
∑ ¿230 ∑ ¿304 ∑ ¿300 ∑ ¿327 ∑ ¿282
Sum of skittles in 25 skittles package = 1,443

Diagram 1: Bar graph showing the distribution of each colour of skittles in 25 packs of skittles

Bar Graph Showing The Distribution of each colour of skittles in 25

350 packs of skittles 327
304 300
300 282
Frequency

250 230

200

150

100

50

0
Pink Red Blue Purple Green
Colour of skittles

6|Page
TABLE 3: Data obtained shown in numerical order
Number Of Each Colour Skittles
Pack Pink Red Blue Purple Green
A 3 7 8 7 7
B 4 9 8 9 8
C 5 9 8 9 8
D 5 9 9 10 8
E 5 10 9 10 9
F 7 10 10 11 9
G 7 10 10 11 9
H 7 10 10 11 10
I 7 10 11 11 10
J 8 11 11 11 10
K 9 12 11 12 11
L 10 12 12 13 11
M 10 12 12 13 11
N 11 12 12 13 11
O 11 12 13 14 12
P 11 12 13 14 12
Q 12 14 13 15 12
R 12 14 13 15 13
S 12 14 14 15 13
T 12 15 14 16 13
U 12 15 15 16 13
V 12 15 15 17 14
W 12 16 16 18 15
X 13 17 16 18 16
Y 13 17 17 18 17

7|Page
BOX AND WHISKER PLOT CALCULATIONS

1
 Lower Quartile,Q1 ¿ ( n+1 ) th value
4
1
¿ ( 25+1 )th value
4
1
¿ ( 26 ) th value
4
= 6.5 th value
Q1 = 6th and 7th values

1
 Median, Q2¿ ( n+1 )th value
2
1
¿ ( 25+1 )th value
2
1
¿ ( 26 ) th value
2
¿ 13th value

3
 Q3¿ ( n+1 ) th value
4
3
¿ ( 25+1 )th value
4
3
¿ ( 26 ) th value
4
¿ 19.5th value
Q3= 19th and 20th values

8|Page
PINK SKITTLES
 Min= 3
7+7
 Q 1¿ =7
2
 Q2 = 10
12+12
 Q 3¿ =12
2
 Max =13

RED SKITTLES
 Min= 7
10+ 10
 Q 1¿ =10
2
 Q2 = 12
14+15
 Q 3¿ =14.5
2
 Max =17
BLUE SKITTLES
 Min= 8
10+ 10
 Q 1¿ =10
2
 Q2 = 12
14+14
 Q 3¿ =14
2
 Max =17
PURPLE SKITTLES
 Min= 7
11+11
 Q 1¿ =11
2
 Q2 = 13
15+ 16
 Q 3¿ =15.5
2
 Max =18
GREEN SKITTLES
 Min= 7
9+9
 Q 1¿ =9
2
 Q2 = 11

9|Page
 13+ 13
 Q 3¿ =13
2
 Max =17

10 | P a g e
 BOX AND WHISKER PLOT FOR ALL 5 SKITTLE COLOURS

11 | P a g e
MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE / ANALYSIS OF DATA
TABLE 4: Number of pink skittles in 25 packs arranged in table to calculate the variance and
standard deviation of ungrouped frequency.

Number of Frequency (f) fx x- x (x- x )2

skittles in each

12 | P a g e
 pack( x)
3 1 3 -6.2 38.44
4 1 4 -5.2 27.04
5 3 15 -4.2 17.64
6 0 0 -3.2 10.24
7 4 28 -2.2 4.84
8 1 8 -1.2 1.44
9 1 9 -0.2 0.04
10 2 20 0.8 0.64
11 3 33 1.8 3.24
12 7 84 2.8 7.84
13 2 26 3.8 14.44
∑ f =¿ ¿25 ∑ f x=¿ ¿230 2
∑ (x−x ) =¿125.84


13 | P a g e
 ∑ fx
 Mean x = ∑ f

230
¿
25
¿ 9.2

2
∑(x−x̅ )
 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑠 , 𝜎 = 2 2
∑f
125.84
¿
25
¿ 5.0336

¿ 5.0(1 dp)

√
2
∑ ( x− x )
 Standard Deviation (s) = ¿ √ variance
∑f
¿ √ 5.0

¿ 2.236067977
¿ 2.2(1 dp)

14 | P a g e
TABLE 5: Number of red skittles in 25 packs arranged in table to calculate the variance and
standard deviation of ungrouped frequency.

Number of
Frequency
skittles in fx x- x (x- x )2
(f)
each pack( x)
7 1 7 -5.2 27.04
8 0 0 -4.2 17.64
9 3 27 -3.2 10.24
10 5 50 -2.2 4.84
11 1 11 -1.2 1.44
12 6 72 -0.2 0.04
13 0 0 0.8 0.64
14 3 42 1.8 3.24
15 3 45 2.8 7.84
16 1 16 3.8 14.44
17 2 34 4.8 23.04

∑ f =¿ ¿25 ∑ f x=¿ ¿30 ∑ (x−x ) =¿110.44

2

15 | P a g e
 ∑ fx
 Mean x = ∑ f

304
¿
25
¿ 12.16

¿ 12.2(1 dp)

2
∑(x−x̅ )
 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑠 , 𝜎 = 2 2
∑f
110.44
¿
25
¿ 4.4176

¿ 4.4 (1 dp)

√
2
∑ ( x− x )
 Standard Deviation (s) = ¿ √ variance
∑f
¿ √ 4.4
¿ 2.097617696

¿ 2.1(1 dp)

16 | P a g e
TABLE 6: Number of blue skittles in 25 packs arranged in table to calculate the variance and
standard deviation of ungrouped frequency.
Number of
Frequency
skittles in fx x- x (x- x )2
(f)
each pack( x)
8 3 24 -4 16

9 2 18 -3 9

10 3 30 -2 4

11 3 33 -1 1

12 3 36 0 0

13 4 52 1 1

14 2 28 2 4

15 2 30 3 9

16 2 32 4 16

17 1 17 5 25

∑ f =¿ ¿25 ∑ f x=¿ ¿30 ∑ (x−x ) =¿85

2

0


17 | P a g e
 ∑ fx
 Mean x = ∑ f

300
¿
25
¿ 12
2
∑(x−x̅ )
 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑠 , 𝜎 = 2 2
∑f
85
¿
25

=3.4

 Standard Deviation (s) =

∑ ( x− x )2
∑f √¿ √ variance

¿ √ 3.4
¿ 1.843908891

¿ 1.8(1 dp)

18 | P a g e
TABLE 7: Number of purple skittles in 25 packs arranged in table to calculate the variance and
standard deviation of ungrouped frequency.

Number of
Frequency
skittles in fx x- x (x- x )2
(f)
each pack( x)
7 1 7 -6.1 37.21

8 0 0 -5.1 26.01

9 2 18 -4.1 16.81

10 2 20 -3.1 9.61

11 5 55 -2.1 4.41

12 1 12 -1.1 1.21

13 3 39 -0.1 0.01

14 2 28 0.9 0.81

15 3 45 1.9 3.61

16 2 32 2.9 8.41

17 1 17 3.9 15.21

18 3 54 4.9 24.01

∑ f =¿ ¿25 ∑ f x=¿ ¿32 ∑ (x−x ) =¿147.32

2

19 | P a g e
 ∑ fx
 Mean x = ∑ f

327
¿
25
¿ 13.08

¿ 13.1(1 dp)

2
∑(x−x̅ )
 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑠 , 𝜎 = 2 2
∑f
147.32
¿
25
¿ 5.8928

¿ 5.9(1 dp)

√
2
∑ ( x− x )
 Standard Deviation (s) = ¿ √ variance
∑f
¿ √ 5.9
¿ 2.42899156
¿ 2.4 (1dp)

20 | P a g e
TABLE 8: Number of green skittles in 25 packs arranged in table to calculate the variance and
standard deviation of ungrouped frequency.
Number of
Frequency
skittles in fx x- x (x- x )2
(f)
each pack( x)
7 1 7 -4.3 18.49

8 3 24 -3.3 10.89

9 3 27 -2.3 5.29

10 3 30 -1.3 1.69

11 4 44 -0.3 0.09

12 3 36 0.7 0.49

13 4 52 1.7 2.89

14 1 14 2.7 7.29

15 1 15 3.7 13.69

16 1 16 4.7 22.09

17 1 17 5.7 32.49

∑ f =¿ ¿25 ∑ f x=¿ ¿28 ∑ (x−x ) =¿115.39

2

21 | P a g e
 ∑ fx
 Mean x = ∑ f

282
¿
25
¿ 11.28

¿ 11.3(1 dp)

∑(x−x̅ )2
 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑠 , 𝜎 = 2 2
∑f
115.39
¿
25
¿ 4.6156

¿ 4.6 (1 dp)

√
2
∑ ( x− x )
 Standard Deviation (s) = ¿ √ variance
∑f
¿ √ 4.6
¿ 2.144761059

¿ 2.1(1 dp)

22 | P a g e
 PROBABILITY
The number of outcomes of A
 P ( A )= The total number of possible outcome

Table 9 showing experimental probability and theoretical probability of

each if the five colours in a wild berry skittles pack

Colour Experimental Probability (%) Theoretical Probability (%)

Pink 230 1
≈ 16 =20
1443 5

Red 304 1
≈ 21 =20
1443 5

Blue 300 1
≈ 21 =20
1443 5

Purple 327 1
≈ 23 =20
1443 5

Green 282 1
≈ 20 =20
1443 5

TABLE 10: Showing summary of data calculated

Colour Mean Lower Median Variance Upper Standard Minimum Maximum
Quartile Quartile Deviation
Pink 9.2 7 10 5.0 12 2.2 3 13
Red 12.2 10 12 4.4 14.5 2.1 7 17
Blue 12.0 14 12 3.4 14 1.8 8 17
Purple 13.1 11 13 5.9 15.5 2.4 7 18
Green 11.3 9 11 4.6 13 2.1 7 17

23 | P a g e
 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The lowest minimum number of skittles obtained from this experiment was
3 pink skittles whereas the highest minimum number of skittle obtained from this
experiment was 8 blue skittles. The lowest maximum number of skittle obtained
from this experiment was 13 pink skittles whereas the highest maximum number of
skittle obtained from this experiment was 18 purple skittles. Red, purple and green
skittles had the same minimum number of skittles which was 7 while red, blue and
green skittles had the same maximum number of skittles which was 17 skittles.
This signifies that each colour in a wild berry skittle pack is not evenly distributed.
From the data collected the mean for each colour was; pink 9.2, red 12.2,
blue 12.0, purple 13.1 and green 11.3. The lowest mean was 9.2 while the highest
mean was 13.1. The 5 different means suggest that the skittles in each pack is
unevenly distributed since mean represents the average value in a dataset.
From the data collected the median for each colour was; pink 10, red 12,
blue 12, purple 13 and green 11. As seen in table 10 the lowest median was 10
while the highest median was 13. There were different medians obtained for each
colour which advocate that the skittles in each of the 25 packs were not equal.
The lowest variance was 3.4 while the highest variance was 5.9. The lowest
standard deviation is 2.1, while the highest standard deviation is 2.4.There were a
variation in variance and standard deviation which states that the colours in a
skittle package is randomly allocated.
Pink skittles had the lowest probability of 16% which indicates that likelihood of
obtaining a pink skittles is less than obtaining any of the other four colours. Purple
skittles had the highest probability of 23% which indicates that likelihood of
obtaining a purple skittles is more than obtaining any of the other four colours.
Green skittles had the probability of 20% which indicates that the probability is
more than the pink skittles but less that the other three colours. Red and Blue had
the same probability of 21% which indicates that there probability was more than
pink and green but less than purple. The theoretical probability for each of the five
colours was 20%, as there was a variation in the probability, it indicates that each
colour skittles was not allocated evenly in distribution.

24 | P a g e
LIMITATIONS

 Small sample size

 Acquiring the same type of skittles to carry out the investigation
SUGGESTION
 Increase sample size as this increases accuracy of the investigation.
 Adequate care must carried out in collecting, analysing and interpreting the
data, if not statistical results may be inaccurate

CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, from the investigation carried out, it was found that the five (5)
colours of a wild berry skittle package is unequally allocated in each manufactured
package.

25 | P a g e
APPENDIX
The mean is the average of the data, which is the sum of all the observations
divided by the number of observations.
The median represents the middle value in a dataset. The median is
important because it gives us an idea of where the centre value is located in a
dataset.
Variance is used to see how individual numbers relate to each other within a
data set.
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur in a
Random Experiment.
The standard deviation is the average amount of variability in your data set.
Quartiles divide the data values into four parts; the first quartile is the 25th
percentile, the second quartile is the 50th percentile (also the median), and
the third quartile is the 75th percentile

26 | P a g e
REFERENCE

 https://www.khanacademy.org/
 https://support.minitab.com/en-us/minitab-express/1/help-and-how-
to/basic-statistics/summary-statistics/descriptive-statistics/interpret-
the-results/all-statistics-and-graphs/
 Additional Mathematics A Complete Course For Csec- Raymond
Toolsie

27 | P a g e