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All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be

reproduced except for private study,
research, criticism or review, no part of
this production may be reproduced, stored
in any retrieval systems or in any form or
by any means, mechanical or electronic,
photocopying or otherwise without the
prior written author.

All correspondence should be

addressed to the author on;

Tel: 234-9058310994, Or email to:

osahonosayamen@gmail.com

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 DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to every one
finding it hard to learn or operate a
computer, I congratulate you on your
journey to become a Super Desktop
Publisher.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The lists are very endless especially
writing a book like this! I will start by
appreciating God for the inspiration to
write a great book like this and my mom
for being there for me during the course of
writing this book.

I am deeply grateful to Master

Samson for your positive contribution to
my life and continuous encouragement.

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 Table of Contents
Introduction to Computer
What is a Computer?
Types of Computer
Parts of the Computer
Components of the System
History of Computer
Types of Booting
Desktop Environment.

MS Word
Arrangement of Letters
Letter Heading
Line Spacing
Column
Drop Cap
Page Borders
Table
Text Box
More Fill Colors
Text Box
3d Effects
Word Art
Clip Art
Shortcuts

CorelDraw
Graphic
Tools on Corel Draw
More Fill Color
Insert Symbol
To Align

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 To Group & Ungroup
To Arrange
To Trim Objects
To Weld Objects
Fit to text Path
Add Perspective
Envelope
Blend
Contour
Extrude
Power Clip
Acronyms
Shortcuts

MS Power Point
Presentation
Animation
Slide
Layout
To get new slide
Slide Sorter
Background/Slide Design
Slide Transition
Custom Animation
To Present It
To Set Continuous Slide

MS Excel
Excel
The Ribbon
Worksheet, Opening an Existing Workbook
Selecting a worksheet cells, Rows, and Columns
Closing a Workbook, Creating a Workbook and Exiting Excel
Building a Worksheet
Entering, Editing and Formatting Cells Contents
Editing Cell Contents
Centering Worksheet Titles

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 Zooming a Worksheet
Creating Formulas
Setting Page Setup Options in
Print Preview Printing a
Worksheet.

Using the Internet

General Knowledge of browser
Locating and Opening a Web Browser
Using the Browser’s Menu bar
Using the Browser’s Navigation bar
Brief Overview
The Address Bar
Using Tabs
To go to a Website
Using Search Engines
Understanding Error Messages
Copying information from the Web
Navigating the Web
Virus & personal safety

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 Introduction to
Computer What is a Computer?
An Electronic Device that stores, retrieves and processes data and can
be programmed with instruction. A computer is composed of hardware
and software, and exist in a variety of sizes and configurations.

Types of Computer
 Mini and Mainframe Computers: very powerful, used by
large organizations such as banks to control the entire business
operation. Very expensive!
 Personal Computers: Cheap and easy to use. Often used
stand-alone computers or in a network. May be connected to large
mainframe computers within big companies.

Parts of the Computer

 Monitor
 C.P.U (Central Processing Unit)
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Speaker

I. Monitor: this can also be called V.D.U (visual display unit). It can
also be referred to as the screen i.e. “INTERPHASE” that displays and
anything that displays is a digital computer.

II. C.P.U: This can be defined as the processing device that processes
anything we input into the computer i.e if you type any letter on the
keyboard, the C.P.U has already processed it. It can also be called THE
BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER i.e where all the activities of the
computer and resources work.

III. Keyboard: This is the major input device that allows us to

communicate with the computer i.e it helps us input raw fact into the

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 computer which can also be called “Data”. Without the keyboard we
cannot operate the computer very well.

IV. Mouse: Is an assistant to the keyboard. It can also be called a minor

input device that is used to click and manipulate icon, objects, and
shapes on windows environment.

V. Speaker: is an audible device that helps the user to listen to any

sound that the computer produces.

Components of the Computer System

The components of a components is divided into two, mainly Hardware
and Software, further divided into sub-division:

Software: These are collection or set of programs that coordinate the

entire activities of a computer system.

Hardware: This is a physical component of the computer that can be

touched and felt and it is been used to manipulate the soft copy and hard
copy.

Soft Copy: are the information that are information that can’t be
touched, felt but can only be viewed on the computer screen.

Hard Copy: are the information that can be touched, felt or handled
and area printed from the printer or on a sheet of paper.
History of Computer
Computer began with the problem of how to count one thing or the
other, where people use fingers and toes to count, which could not solve
anything; later people used stones, log, and shells to count which could
not still solve anything, in china, they developed a wooden appliance
that is used to count. It is made up of wood, strings and beads, it is
called ABACUS.

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 The first person who developed the first calculators was “Blaise
Pascal” this calculator can only add and subtract, it is big in structure.

In America, there was a man who was able to build the computer with
many different parts; he was referred to as the “Father of Computer”
his name is “Charles Babbage” After these a mathematician lady
helped Charles Babbage to write a program that can work on the
machine. She is known as the first programmer and a computer genius
her name was “Lady Ada Lovelace”.

Types of Booting
1. Cold Booting; means when a computer is switched on for
the first time in a day
2. Warm Booting; means when the computer is re – switched on-
again.

Desktop Environment
Desktop Environment is an environment where the computer finishes
booting. It can also be said to be an environment where the user starts
his/her work on the computer.
We can see five things under desktop environment, they are;
a. Icon: This is a shortcut to an application on the computer or any
command you can pick
b. Task bar: is a bar that can be found at the bottom of the screen,
that shows start and time
c. Mouse Pointer: it is the arrow that shows the movement of the
mouse
d. Background: is a designed wall that can be found at the back of the
screen, it can also be picture and could also be called wallpaper.
e. Screen Saver: is an animated background that displays when the
computer is idle

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 Microsoft Office Word
Arrangement of Letters
1. How to highlight a text.
2. Press the shift arrow key according to the direction
3. How to justify, Press Ctrl J
4. How to remove highlight press any arrow key
5. How to correct/undo mistake Ctrl Z
6. How to center highlight and press Ctrl E
7. How to bold highlight and press Ctrl B
8. How to underline highlight and press Ctrl U
9. How to draw line Press shift Dash(-)
10. How to highlight all Press Ctrl A
11. To make a text move to the right highlight and Ctrl M
12. The first thing is to highlight all and justify.
13. After typing highlight all and click on paragraph and select
remove space

Letter Heading
Letter heading contains name of companies, address, and reference etc.
 Type the name of the companies and order information.
 How to increase font and decrease font: Highlight the text and
press Ctrl Shift Greater than (>) to reduce press Ctrl shift Less
than(>)
 How to Change fonts: Highlight and press Ctrl D then use the down
arrow to take your preferred choice
 How to Color: Highlight the text and press Ctrl D, then use the
mouse to pick any color you want then ok.

Line Spacing
Line spacing is the space that can be found between lines, we have three
types of line spacing;
a. Single line spacing: Highlight and press Ctrl 1
b. 1.5 line spacing: Highlight and press Ctrl 5
c. 2 line spacing: Highlight and press Ctrl 2

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 Column
This is the process of splitting a write up into column (vertically),
highlight all the text and click on page layout, columns, and mouse
columns then select any type. Click on line between if necessary and
click ok.

Drop cap
This is the act making the first letter bigger. Highlight the first letter
and click on insert, Drop cap, drop cap options, click on dropped and
set how many line to draw and click ok

Page borders
Page border is a designed line that surrounds the whole page. It is
used for certificate or any bordered document.

Click on page layout select page border then move to art and scroll
to select your choice, after that increase pt to 31 and click OK.

Naira sign
Type capital letter N, highlight then click on home, select font (ctrl
D), then click on double strike through then click ok.

Super – script
Type 32 highlight the 2 and press (ctrl D) then click on super script
and click ok.

Sub script
Type 1012 highlight the 2 and press (ctrl D), then select sub script and
click ok.

TABLE
This is a tabular document with both vertical and horizontal line
surrounding it, you will click on insert select table and move to insert
table then type the number of column(1) and number of rows(-) and
click ok.
a. To adjust: place the mouse on the column line and click, hold it
and drag to the left or right as you want.

b. To change case: highlight click on home and select any case.

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 c. To insert more Rows or columns: Right click on the row and
column, then move to insert, select insert rows or columns to the
righter left.

d. Column: Is the line drawn vertically up to down, Row-is the line

drawn horizontally from left to right.

e. To merge cells: means joining together to make one cell, highlight

the cell, right click and click on merge cells.

f. Text direction: highlight the text, right click, then select text
direction and choose any of the direction then click ok.

g. To delete row or column: Right click on the cell, select delete

cells and choose delete entire row or column, the click ok.

h. To apply table design: click table and click on design and select
any design you like.

Text box
It is a box that we can type inside that can contain or accept text
typing e.t.c to insert text box, click on insert, click on text box move
down and click on draw text box.
Then drag the mouse on the page i.e down, Right.
i. How to expand or reduce text box: Place the mouse on any of the
small box click on it to expand or reduce.

ii. How to move text box: Place the mouse by the side of the
text box till it show cross sign, hold and drag anywhere you like.

iii. Text box color: click on the text box, click on format, select shape
fill and choose any color you want

iv. Line color: click on text box and click on format and select shape
outline and choose any color you want

v. Font color: highlight the text inside the text box and press ctrl d and
choose any font color you like.

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 vi. To change text box shape: click on text box, click on format, click
on change shape and choose any shape you want.

More fill colors

i. Two colors: click on the text box, click on format then select shape
fill, move to pattern and click on gradient, then select two colors (you
will change color 1and 2) the apply shading style variant then click ok.

ii. Picture Color: click the textbox, click on shape fill then move to
picture, click on any picture you want, click on insert.

iii.Texture Color: click on textbox, click on format, then select shape

fill and move to texture and select anyone you want.

iv. Pattern Color: click the textbox, click on format, click on shape fill,
move to pattern and click any pattern style, then change the foreground
and background colour, then click ok.

v. 3d Effects: this is in form of a solid shape unlike normal auto

shapes. Drag the shape and click on format and select 3d effects, then
move to any style you want then click on it, to color it, click on 3d
effects and move to 3d color and click any color you like.

vi. Word Art: this is a designed text for drawing and ms word designs,
you will click on insert, select word art, click any style you want to use,
you may change the font, bold or italic, click ok click on format select
text wrapping, click on in front of text to be. Able to move.

vii. Clip Art: this is a picture gallery, where different images can be
selected, click on insert, select clip art, you will see a docker at the
right hand side, now under “Search for” type in what you want and
click go. You will see what you want, Click it and close docker
and click on “in front of text” to be able to move it anywhere.

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 Shortcuts
Ctrl A = Highlight all
Ctrl B = Bold
Ctrl C = Copy
Ctrl D = Font Formatting
Ctrl E = Center
Ctrl F = Find and replace
Ctrl G = Go to any page
Ctrl H = Find and Replace
Ctrl I= Italics
Ctrl J = Justify
Ctrl K = Insert Hyperlink
Ctrl L = Align Left
Ctrl M = Indent Right
Ctrl N = New Page
Ctrl O = Open
Ctrl P =Print
Ctrl R = Align Right
Ctrl S =Save
Ctrl U = Underline
Ctrl V = Paste
Ctrl W = Close Page
Ctrl X = Cut
Ctrl Y = Redo
Ctrl Z = Undo

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 Corel Draw
This can also be called home of graphics, it is an application package
designed by Corel corporation that is used to design or handle graphics
effectively. We have Corel draw version like 9 _ 15.

GRAPHICS: Simply means a way of manipulating multi colors to get

a particular image.

Tools on Corel draw

i. Pick tool: This is the arrow that is used to select, Rotate, Move,
Expand, Reduce, Copy e.t.c

ii. Shape tool (f): It is used to reshape any shape or object.

iii. Zoom tools (Z): It is used to expand or reduce the page i.e Zoom in
– Zoom out.

iv. Hand tools (H): Is used to scroll or move the page free hand tool
(f5) is used to draw shape or line.

v. Free hand tools (f5):Is used to draw shape or line

vi. Ellipse tool (f7):Is used to draw circle or any oval shape, to draw a
perfect circle hold (ctrl and drag it)

vii. Rectangle tool (f6): Is used to draw rectangles.

viii. Polygon tool: It is used to draw polygon, plane shapes and stars.

ix. Graph paper: Is used to draw table or tabular document.

x. Text tool (A) (f8): It is used to type in artistic text or paragraph text,
click on the page and type, to make paragraph text, select text tools and
drag on a page before typing

xi. Fill color: To apply fill color select and click on any color.

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 xii. Line color: To apply line color select and right click on any color.

More fill color

i. Fountain fill: mixing of two or more color together, select and
click on fill tool, fountain fill, choose two color or custom then click
all the color you want then click ok.

ii. Pattern fill: select and click on fill tool pattern then choose two
color, Bitmap, full color then change the height and width if
necessary.

iii. Texture fill: click on fill tool, texture embedded with many
background, choose any sample and choose any background then
click ok.

NOTE: Size of and I.D Card: 2.1 by 3.4 inches, size of and
complimentary card: 3.5 by 1.8.

a. How to size a rectangle: draw the rectangle change the height and
width on the property bar.

b. Insert symbols: click text, click on insert symbol character or Ctrl

F11, change the font to web design or wingding hold it and drag it to
the page.

c. To align: use pick tool to mosque select and click on arrange, then
on Align and Distribute: You can select, right, left, top, bottom,
according to the direction then click ok.

d. To group: use the pick tools to select sound the object alone as click
on arrange, click on group or ctrl G.

e. To ungroup: select the group text and click on arrange and select
ungroup or ctrl U.

f. To send to back: select the group text and click on arrange and
select to back or shift page down, ctrl end.

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 g. To trim objects: place the object on the other object select them
together and click on arrange move to trim, click ok use the arrow head
to delete the other object.

h. To weld objects: place the object/ shape on the other object, select
them together and click on arrange move to trim and click on weld,
click ok.

i. Fit to text path: Type the text and draw the shape then click on text,
fit to text path and select. Move the text to the preferred shape & left
click when you are done. Break apart or separate and click out, it will
divide the text from the shape.

j. Add perspective: select and click on effect and select add

perspective then drag it from the edge as you like.

k. Envelope: select and click on effect then select envelope, add new
and use it to reshape the object click ok and close the docker.

l. Blend: type a letter color and copy it and select them together and
click on effects select blend, type the steps, rotate them click on apply,
close the docker and click on arrange break apart and click out, then
color them separately then group it together.

m. Contour: select and click on effects and select contour, then click
on outside and type the effect not more than 0.09 and click on apply,
then click on arrange, break apart, contour them separately and group.

n. Extrude: select and click and click on effects,select small back or

front and type the depth not more than 5.0, select color icon click on
shade and click on apply, then click on arrange, break apart click out
and color one by one the group again.

o. Power Clip: click the image, click on effects select power clip and
click on place inside container then use the big arrow head to click the
new object

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 ACRONYMS
1. Google: Global Organization oriented Group Language of
Earth
2. Virus: Vital Information & Resources Under Siege

3. Windows: Wide Interactive Network Development for Office

Work Solution
4. Yahoo: Yet another hierarchy of Physio Oracle
5. Computer: Common Oriented Machine particularly united
and used under Technical and educational research

COREL SHORTCUTS
Ctrl G – Group
Ctrl U – Ungroup
Ctrl K – Break
F1- Help
F2 – Zoom tool
F3 – Zoom Out
F4 – Zoom in
F5 – Freehand
F6 – Rectangle too
F7 – Ellipse Tool F8 – Text tool
F9 – Full Screen
F10 – Shape tool
F11 – Fountain fill
F12 – Outline Pen
Ctrl F11 – Symbol Docker
+ Duplicate

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 Practice Area

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 Microsoft Power-Point
This is a Microsoft application package or program used mainly for presentation.

Presentation: is the combination of many slides which shows the details of

information.

Animation: simply means the act of making text and objects display on the
computer to magnetize the viewer.

Slide: this is the paper or page we use while working on Power Point.

Layout: is ready made slide template used for easy slide formation. To get it
click on home, select layout and choose anyone, now click and start typing the
heading or the title of the write up or the slide, Then click the (click to add
text) and start typing the information under the title, the meaning and write up
of the title., Then select any of the icons (table, chart, and picture or clip art)
and choose any picture to portray the slide you are working one.

To get New Slide: Click on home, select new slide and click on anyone you like
to use as the next slide.

Slide Sorter: this is where the user can view all the slide at once and re-arrange the
slides one after the other.

Background/ Slide Design: this is the color you apply to the slides
background to enhance and beautify your presentation. Click on design and
choose background you would like to use.

Slide Transition: it is the animation that applies to the slide itself and work
on the slide. You will click on animation, choose any transition you like and
then choose any transition you like and then, choose any transition sound and
transition speed and click on “apply to all”.

Custom Animation: this is the animation the user apply to the work done on
the slide not the slide, you will click on animation and select custom animation,
then click on the work on the slide one after the other and select add effect and
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 move down to set speed (slow) and click on the icon at the right side, you will
see a dialog box and under you willsee
Animate text, select the letter or by word and click ok (do the same to the body, text
and picture)

To present it: click on view and then click on slide show (it will display the entire
slide one after the other.

To set a continuous slide: this will automatically continue all the slide without
stopping until the user press Esc. You will click on slide show and select setup
slide show and now under show click on loop continuously until esc and click
ok.

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 Microsoft Office Excel
Excel is a software used to organize and analyze data for professional or
personal business activities. Data organized and analyzed using the Excel
software is stored in an electronic file called a work book. When you start
excel, the excel window that opens you screen contains a new workbook
temporarily named Book 1.

To Start Excel and view a new workbook:

• Step 1 Click the Start Button on the Task bar
• Step 2 Point to all Programs or Programs
• Step 3 Point to Microsoft Office
• Step 5 Click Microsoft Office Excel 2007

Identifying Excel Window Elements and Describing a Worksheet:

• Microsoft Office Button: displays a menu of commands used to create, open
and save workbooks, and print worksheets.
• Quick Access Toolbar: a customizable toolbar
• Title Bar: contains the name of the workbook, the name of the software, and
the Minimize, Restore Down or Maximize and Close Buttons.
• Minimize Button: Minimizes the window to a button on the windows
taskbar. Restore Down or Maximize Button: restores a window to a smaller
size on the screen or maximizes the window to fill the screen.
• Close Button: Closes Excel
• Ribbon: contains tabbed groups of commands organized around completing
a specific type of task.
• Ribbon Tabs: the default Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formula, Data and
View tabs used to group commands buttons around common tasks; other ribbons
tabs, called program tabs and contextual tabs, appear as needed as you work in a
work sheet.
• Tab group: a group of related command buttons within a ribbon tab.
• Microsoft Excel Button: Used to access Excel Help
• Minimize window Button: Minimizes the current workbook to a title bar
icon inside the Excel window.
• Restore Window Button: Restores the active workbook to a smaller
window inside the Excel Window.

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 • Close Window Button: closes the active workbook
• Scroll Bars: Vertical and Horizontal Scroll bars used to change the vertical
or horizontal view of worksheet areas.
• Status Bar: a customizable bar below the worksheet area that is used to
display various messages, the View Toolbar, the Zoom button and the Zoom
Slider. View Shortcuts: contains view command buttons used to change the
view of the active worksheet
• Zoom Button: a command button used to change the magnification or
“zoom” of the worksheet view.
• Zoom Slider: a slide control used to change the magnification of “zoom” of
the worksheet view.

THE MICROSOFT OFFICE BUTTON

The Microsoft Office Button contains a pull-down menu with commands
you can use to create a workbook, save the current work book, preview and
print a worksheet, review workbook properties, email or fax a workbook,
share a workbook by publishing it to a server, view a list of recently opened
workbooks, and close the active workbook.
To review the Microsoft Office Button pull-down menu:
• Step 1 Click the Microsoft Office Button
• Step 2 Observe the Microsoft Office Button Menu
• Press the ESC key to close the menu

Figure1.0 Microsoft Office Button Menu on Windows 8

You will learn to use the New, Open, Save, Save as, and Print commands on the
Microsoft Office Button as you work through.

THE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

The Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable toolbar located, by default to
the right of the Microsoft Office Button. When you first install Excel, The
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 Quick Access Toolbar contains the Save, Undo, and Redo command buttons
in addition to the Customizable Quick Access Tool Bar Button, you can add
or remove command buttons on the Quick Access Toolbar to Help you
quickly perform common tasks, such as previewing and printing a work sheet.

To customize the Quick Access Toolbar by adding and removing command

buttons; Step 1 Click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar Button on the
Quick Access Toolbar.
Step 2 Observe the Customize Quick Access Toolbar menu
A check mark appears to the left of the command buttons already added to
the Customize Quick Access Toolbar. Your Customize Quick Access
Toolbar should look similar to Figure 1.1

Figure 1.1 Customize Quick Access Toolbar Menu

THE RIBBON
The Ribbon contains a series of grouped command buttons organized around
specific tasks. By default, the Ribbon Tabs that appear when you start Excel
are the Home, Insert, Page Layout, Formulas, Data and View Tabs.
Each ribbon tab contains command buttons in tab groups according to task.

To review the Ribbon

• Step 1 Click the Home tab on the Ribbon, if necessary
• Step 2 Observe the Clipboard, Font, Alignment, Number Styles, cells, and
Editing
Home Tab Groups; each group contains command buttons specific to a task
• Step 3 Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon
• Step 4 Observe the Tables, Illustrations, Charts, links and Text tab group.
Step 5 Continue by clicking the remaining Ribbon Tabs and reviewing the tab
groups
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 • Step 6 Click on Home tab on the ribbon

Figure 1.2 Tab groups on Ribbon Home Tabs

You can hide the page layout tab group by clicking the Page Layout Ribbon
Tab again; however, the Ribbon remains minimized. Use the mouse to return
the Ribbon to its default view.
• Step 5 click the Page Layout Ribbon Tab to hide the tab groups
• Step 6 Double click the Home tab
• Step 7 observe that the ribbon returns to its default view.
Elements that are specific to the Excel software window are worksheets, sheet tabs,
tab scroll buttons, the name box, and the formular bar.

WORKSHEETS
A Worksheet is a work area or grid consisting of vertical columns and horizontal
rows-much like sheet of accounting paper. A single excel worksheet has 1,048,576
horizontal rows (numbered 1 through 1048576) and 16384 vertical column Labeled
from A column to XFD.
The intersection of each column and row is called a cell. You enter text, numbers
and formulas (calculations) in cells.
Cells are referenced using their column heading and row heading number. For
example the cell at the intersection of column A and row 1 is referenced as A1, the
cell at the intersection of Column F and Row 15 referenced as F15.

OPENING AN EXISTING WORKBOOK

One way to complete tasks in Excel is to click the Microsoft Office Button or on
the Quick Access Toolbar. For example, to open an existing workbook click the
open icon on the Microsoft Office Button menu to launch the open dialog box. A
dialog box is a small window that opens inside Excel window and provides access
to data files or excel features.
To launch the Open Dialog Box then locate and open the desired file workbook;
• Step 1 Click the Open Icon on the Microsoft Office Button menu
• Step 2 Browse to the destination folder
• Step 3 Double Click the desired file name
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 NAVIGATING IN A WORKSHEET
Worksheet cell A1 is often called the home cell because it is the first cell in the
upper left area of the worksheet, when you open an existing workbook, the active
cell may be cell A1 or it may be another cell, the cell that was active when the
workbook was last saved
The active cell is emphasized with a thick, dark border

You can use the mouse pointer to navigate from one cell to another thereby making
the destination cell an active cell, when you move the mouse pointer over a cell, the
mouse pointer becomes a large white plus pointer.

Clicking a cell with the whit plus pointer to make the cell the active cell To
activate cell B5 using the mouse:
 Step 1 observe the thick, dark border around cell A1, the currently active cell
 Step 2 point to cell B5; observe that the mouse pointer becomes a large whit
plus pointer
 Step 3 click on cell B5
 Step 4 move the mouse pointer to an empty cell
 Step 5 observe that the cell B5 is now the active cell

To activate cells using the keyboard:

• Step 1 Verify that the cell B5 is the active cell
• Step 2 Press the RIGHT ARROW key four times
• Step 3 Press the DOWN ARROW keys two times
• Step 4 Press the CTRL+HOME keys
• Step 5 Observe that cell A1 is now the active cell
• Step 6 click cell H1
• Step 7 Press the END+DOWN ARROW keys; because there is no data below
cell H1, the last cell in the column becomes the active cell (note the row
heading,1048576)
• Step 8 Press the END + UP ARROW keys to activate the cell H1
• Step 9 Press the END + RIGHT ARROW keys; because there is no data to
the right of cell H1, the last cell in the row becomes the active cell (note
column heading XFD)
• Step10 Press CTRL+HOME

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 • Step 11 Press the CTRL+End keys; the last cell in the active area of the
worksheet is now the active cell
• Step 12 Practice navigation from cell to cell in the worksheet
• Step 13 Activate Cell A1

Selecting Worksheet Cells, Row, and Columns

As you work in a worksheet, you will select one or more cells in order to enter, edit,
copy, move or format the cell’s contents.
You can select a single cell by making it the active cell. Of the however, you will
need to select multiple adjacent cells. A group of adjacent cells is called a range.
You reference the range by noting the individual cell references for the cells in the
upper-left and lower-right corners separated by a colon e.g A4:G13 To
select the range B7:E7:
• Step 1 Point to cell B7
• Step 2 Press and hold down the left mouse button
• Step 3 Drag the mouse pointer across to cell E7
Step 4 Release the left mouse button
The selected range on your screen should look like Figure 4.6

Figure 1.3 Selected Range B7:E7

• Step 5 Press CTRL+HOME

Or you can use the Shift Method

First activate the cell in the upper-left corner of the range you wish to select, then
press and hold down the SHIFT key and click the cell in the lower right corner of
the range. This is sometimes called SHIFT+CLICK selection method.
To use the SHIFT+CLICK method to select a larger range, A1:F15:
• Step 1 Activate cell A1, if necessary
• Step 2 Press and Hold down the SHIFT KEY
• Step 3 Click cell F15
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 • Step 4 Release the shift key

Sometimes you will need to select multiple nonadjacent ranges. You can use the
CTRL key together with the mouse pointer to do this. Select the range first; then
press and hold down the CTRL key as you drag to select the additional ranges. This
method is sometimes called CTRL+ click selection method.

To use the CTRL+CLICK method to select a larger range, A5:F15, C5:C15, and
F5:F15
• Step 1 Drag to select the range A5:A15
• Step 2 Press and hold down the CTRL key
• Step 3 Drag to select the range C5:C15 Step 4 Drag to select the range F5:
F15
• Step 5 Release the CTRL key
You can also use the mouse pointer to select an entire row and column by clicking
the column heading or row heading. When you places the mouse pointer on a
column heading it be becomes a small, black downward pointing selection arrow.
To select multiple columns or multiple rows, you can drag across the columns or
row headings, you can also use the SHIFT+Click or CTRL+ CLICK methods to
select multiple adjacent or non adjacent columns arrows

To select column F:
• Step 1 Point to the column F column heading
• Step 2 Observe the small, black downward-pointing selection arrow
• Step 3 Click the column F column heading

To select row 5:
• Step 1point to the row 5 row heading
• Step 2Observe the small, black right pointing selection arrow
• Step 3 Click the row 5 row heading

To continue selection columns and rows:

• Step 1 Drag to select columns D:G
• Step 2 Drag to select rows 5:7
• Step 3 Use the SHIFT+CLICK method to select columns D:G
• Step 4 Use the SHIFT+CLICK method to select rows 5:7
• Step 5 Use the CTRL+CLICK method to select columns E,G and I
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 • Step 6 Use the CTRL+CLICK method to select rows 5, 7 and 9
• Step 7 Press CTRL+HOME

Closing a Workbook, Creating a new Workbook, and Existing Excel You can
close a workbook by clicking the Close Window button to the right of the ribbon
or by clicking the close command on the Microsoft Office Button menu.

To close the workbook leaving the excel software open:

• Step 1 Click the Close Window button to the right of the Ribbon

To create a new, blank workbook:

• Step 1 Click the New icon on the Microsoft Button Menu
• Step 2 Observe the temporary name of Book on the title bar
You can close the Excel software by clicking the Exit Excel Button on the Microsoft
Office Button or by clicking the close button on the title bar.
• Step 3 Click the Close button on the title bar

BUILDING A WORKSHEET
Saving a Workbook
• Step 1 Start the Excel software, if necessary
• Step 2 Observe the blank Book1 workbook
Before you begin to work in the workbook, you should save it with a unique name
in the folder of you choice.
To save a workbook for the first time as the default Excel Workbook file type, you
can simply type click the Save as command on the Microsoft Office Button or click
the save button on the QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR.
• Step 3 Click the Microsoft Office Button
• Step 4 Point to the Save As Command
In the Save As dialog box, you switch to the folder in which you want to save the
workbook, give the workbook a unique name (in 255characters or less), and then
click the dialog box Save button

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 FIGURE 1.4: A save as dialog box

• Step 5 Click the dialog box save button

• Step 6 Observe the new workbook name in title bar

Inserting, Deleting and Remaining Worksheets

A new workbook contains three worksheets; but you can add or delete worksheet
as necessary. You can use the Insert Worksheet tab, a command button on the
Ribbon, or a shortcut menu to insert and delete worksheets.

Using the Insert Worksheet Tab

You can add another worksheet at the end of the existing worksheets by clicking
the Insert Worksheet tab located to the right of the sheet tabs To
insert a worksheet following the sheet 3 tab:
• Step 1Click the Insert Worksheet tab to the right of the Sheet3 sheet tab
• Step 2Observe the new Sheet4 tab

Figure 1.5: Sheet Tabs with new Sheet4

Using the Ribbon

To insert a worksheet in front of an existing worksheet, first activate the existing
worksheet by clicking its sheet tab. Then display the Home Tab on the Ribbon and
locate the Cells tab group.
Click the Insert command button arrow in the cells tab group and then click the
Insert Sheet Command on the menu

To insert a new worksheet in front of the Sheet1 using the Ribbon:

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 • Step 1 Activate the Sheet1 sheet tab
• Step 2 Click the Home tab on the ribbon, if necessary
• Step 3 Locate the Cells Group on the right side of the Home tab
• Step 4 Click the Insert command button arrow in the Cells group to display
a menu
• Step 5 Click on Insert Sheet
• Step 6 Observe the new Sheet 5 inserted infront of Sheet 1

To delete a worksheet using ribbon:

• Step 1 Activate the Sheet5 sheet tab, if necessary
• Step 2 Click the Home tab on the ribbon, if necessary
• Step 3 Click the delete command button arrow in the Cells Group to display
a menu
• Step 4 Click delete sheet

FIGURE 1.6: Delete command button menu

Using the Shortcut Menu

Another quick way to add or delete worksheets is with a shortcut menu To
insert a worksheet using a shortcut menu:
• Step 1 Right Click the Sheet 2 tab to activate the sheet tab and view the
shortcut menu

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 FIGURE 1.7: Sheet tab shortcut control

• Step 2 Click Insert on the shortcut menu to launch the Insert Dialog Box
Step 3 Click the General tab in the dialog box, if necessary your dialog box on
your screen should look like figure 1.8

FIGURE 1.8: Insert Dialog Box

• Step 4 Double-Click the Worksheet icon to insert Sheet6 in the front of

Sheet2
• Step 5 Observe the new Sheet6

To delete Sheet6 worksheets using a shortcut menu:

• Step 1Right Click the Sheet 6 tab to activate the sheet tab and view the
shortcut menu
• Step 2 Click Delete on the shortcut menu

To delete Sheet2,Sheet3, and Sheet4 using a shortcut menu:

• Step 1 Click the Sheet2 sheet tab to make it the active worksheet
• Step 2 Press and hold the SHIFT key
• Step 3 Click the Sheet4 sheet tab
• Step 4 Release the SHIFT key
• Step 5 Observe that three sheet tabs are selected
• Step 6 Right Click any selected sheet tab
• Step 7 Click Delete on the Shortcut Menu
• Step 8 Observe the Sheet1 is the only worksheet in the workbook

Renaming a Worksheet
You can rename the active worksheet by clicking rename on the sheet tab shortcut
menu or double clicking a sheet tab. Then simply key a new name in 31 Characters
or less and press the Enter key or Click the sheet tab to accept the new sheet tab
name

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 To rename the Remaining Sheet1 sheet tab:
• Step 1 Double Click the Sheet1 sheet tab to select the sheet tab’s contents
• Step 2 Key Financial Forecast
• Step 3 Press the Enter Key
To resave a workbook, you can click the Save command on the Microsoft Office
Button or click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar.
• Step 4 Click the Save Button on the Quick Access Toolbar

Entering, Editing and Formatting Cell Contents

Entering text or numbers in a cell is a three step process. You must:
• Activate the cell
• Key the text or numbers in the cell or in the formula bar
• Accept the cell contents by activating another cell or by clicking the Enter
button on the Formular Bar leaving the active cell.

As soon as you begin keying text or numbers in a cell, Cancel and Enter buttons
appear to the left of the Formular Bar.
You can click the cancel button to clear the cell before you accept what you have
keyed.

Clicking the enter button accepts what you have keyed and leaves the current cell
the active cell.

To enter a worksheet title in cell A1 and subtitle in cell A2

• Step 1 Activate cell A1, if necessary
• Step 2 Key VANTAGE Cybersolutions
• Step 3 Press the ENTER key to accept the text and activate the Cell A2
• Step 4 Key Budget Forecast
• Step 5 Press the RIGHT ARROW key twice to accept the text and activate
cell C2

Editing Cell Contents

A common way to change the contents of a cell is to simply activate the cell and
rekey the text or numbers, to edit cell contents directly in the Formula Bar, first
activate the cell. Then move the mouse pointer to the Formula bar where it becomes
an I-beam pointer used to select and edit text.

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 Click in the Formula Bar with the I-beam pointer to position the insertion point
(cursor). You can then work in the Formula bar as you would in any text area by:
• Moving the insertion point back and forth within the Formula Bar using the
LEFT or RIGHT ARROW keys.
• Pressing the BACKSPACE or DELETE keys to remove existing characters
• Typing new text or numbers at the position of the insertion point
• Selecting text or numbers by dragging the I-beam pointer across them
• Selecting text or numbers by double clicking on them

To edit the subtitle in cell A2 directly in the Formula Bar:

• Step 1 Activate cell A2
• Step 2 Observe the contents of cell A2 (Budget Forecast) in the formular bar
• Step 3 Move the mouse pointer to the word Budget in the formular bar
• Step 4 Observe the Mouse Pointer shape has changed to an I-beam Pointer
• Step 5 Double click the word Budget to select it
• Step 6 Point to Italic Button on the Mini Toolbar
• Step 7 Move the mouse pointer away from the mini toolbar, the tool bar
becomes semi-transparent again, now rekey the text to replace the selected text
• Step 8 Key Profit
• Step 9 Press the TAB key to accept your change and activate cell B2
• Step 10 Press the LEFT ARROW key to activate cell A2

To edit the cell contents of cell A2

• Step 1 Press the F2 key
• Step 2 Observe that cell A2 is open for editing; it now has a lighter border
and the insertion point is positioned at the end of the cell’s content’s
• Step 3 Press the HOME key to move the insertion point to the beginning of
the cell’s contents
• Step 4 Press the DELETE key to delete the cell contents
• Step 5 Key Financial
• Step 6 Press ENTER
• Step 7 Save the workbook

Centering Worksheet Titles

To center the contents of a single cell across a range, you must first select the cell
containing the contents you want to center plus the range of cells over which to
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 center them. Then you can click the merge and center command button in the
Alignment tab group on the Ribbon Home tab.
Warning! You cannot use the Merge and center command button to center the
contents of multiple cells over a range, to do this you must use the CENTER
ACROSS SELECTION option in the format cells dialog box. You can launch the
Format cells dialog box by clicking the format command button in the cells tab
group on the Ribbon Home Tab and clicking Format Cells on the menu.

To center the contents of cells A1 and A2 over the range A1:F2

• Step 1Select Range A1:F2
• Step 2Click the Home tab on the Ribbon, if necessary
• Step 3Click the Format command button in the Cells Group
• Step 4Click Format Cells
• Step 5Click the Alignment Tab in the Format Cells dialog box
• Step 6 Click the Horizontal arrow to view the drop-down list of options
• Step 7 Click Center Across Selection
• Step 8 Click the OK button in the dialog box
• Step 9 Deselect the range

Zooming a Worksheet
Increasing or decreasing the viewing area of a worksheet is called zooming the
worksheet. You can set your zooming preferences by clicking the zoom command
button on the status bar launch the Zoom dialog box or by dragging the Zoom slider
on the status bar.

To zoom the worksheet:

• Step 1Click the Zoom command button on the status bar to launch the Zoom
Dialog Box
• Step 2Click the 75% option button
• Step 3 Click Ok
• Step 4 Observe that the number of rows and columns in the worksheet
viewing area is increased
• Step 5 Observe that the Zoom command button now shows the current zoom
percentage
• Step 6 Drag the zoom slider to the right until it is repositioned in the 100%
zoom position

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 Figure 1.9: a zoom slider
Using Font Styles
You can add emphasis to the worksheet title and subtitle by formatting them with
Bold, Italic or Underline Font style. To apply one of these font styles, you must first
select the range of cells that contain the title and subtitle, then click on Bold, Italic,
or Underline command buttons in the font tab group on the ribbon Home tab or
select the font style in the Font Tab in the Format Cells Dialog box.

NOTE: Although you see worksheet title and subtitle centered across the range
A1:F2, the actual title and subtitle text resides in cell A1and A2.

To bold the worksheet title and subtitle located in the range A1:A2:
• Step 1 Select the range A1:A2
• Step 2 Click the Home tab on the ribbon, if necessary
• Step 3 Locate the font Group on the left side of the Home tab
• Step 4 Click the Bold command Button in the Font Group
• Step 5 Deselect the range

Using Fill Feature

The Financial Forecast worksheet uses five columns to show the Revenue,
Expense and Operating Income forecast for each of four years plus a combined total
for all the years. A quick way to add column titles for each of the four years is to
use the Excel fill feature, which allows you to copy or fill a range of cells with text
or numbers or formulas using the mouse pointer
The dark border around the active cell or selected range also has a fill handle, a
small square in the lower right corner.
Dragging the fill handle to the right or down using the fill pointer copies or fills the
contents of the active cells into the adjacent cells.
 If the active cell contains text or a number, the text or number is copied into
the adjacent cells.
 If the active cell contains a combination of text and numbers the text is copied
but the number increments by 1, if the active cell contains a number, such as a year,
you can press and hold down the CTRL key as you fill adjacent cells and the number
will increment by one

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  The fill feature also copies formatting from the active cells to adjacent cells
The auto fill options button appears when you release the mouse button, you can
click the Auto fill Options button to view a menu of fill options.
The commands you see on the auto fill options button menu will vary depending on
the cell contents being copied or filled across the range with a combination of text
and numbers the default option is Fill Series- copy the text and formatting and
increment each number by 1. The remaining options are:

 Copy Cells: Copy the contents from the active cell without incrementing each
number (Year 1, Year 1 and so forth)
 Fill formatting only: copy just the formatting (bold and center) to the range.
 Fill without formatting: fill the range with a series but do not copy any formatting
If a range contains three or more cells, Excel automatically extends the range
formatting to adjacent cells.

Inserting and Deleting Rows or Columns

You can insert or delete rows and columns as need to make the worksheet easier to
read and more attractive. The first step in inserting rows or columns is to tell Excel
how many rows or columns you want to insert. You can do this by selecting existing
row or columns.
By default, Excel inserts new rows above the selected rows and new columns to the
left of the selected columns, you can also select nonadjacent rows or columns and
then insert additional rows above each selected row(s) or additional columns to the
left side of each column(s)
After you select the number of rows or columns to insert, you can click the Insert
command on a shortcut menu.
To insert blank rows above row 8 and row 15 using a shortcut menu:
• Step 1 Select rows 8 & 9
• Step 2 Select row 1 using the CTRL+click method
• Step 3 Right Click the row 15 heading
• Step 4 Click Insert
• Step 5 Deselect the rows
To delete rows or columns, first select them, then click Delete on the shortcut menu.
To delete the new row 8:
• Step 1 Right Click the row 8 heading
• Step 2 Click Delete

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 Creating Formulas
A formula is a mathematical expression; you create formulars in a worksheet to
calculate values.
The power of an excel worksheet lies in its ability to recalculate its formulas when
the values for the variables used by the formulas are changed. Automatic
recalculation is possible when you use cell references instead of actual numbers in
a formula.
You begin each formula with an equal sign (=) to indicate to Excel that what
follows is a formular. Then you enter the operands (cell references) and
mathematical operators for the formula. The most efficient way to enter these
operators is to use keys on your keyboard’s numeric key pad.
Table 1.0 Mathematical Operators
Addition + Subtraction -
Multiplication *
Division /

Excel read a formulas containing these four operators from left to right and
performs the calculation following these strict rules precedence:
 Parenthetical calculations first
 Division or multiplication next in the order in which the calculation appear
from left to right
 Addition or subtraction next in the order in which the calculation appears
from left to right.
Lets review a very simple calculation to see how the rules of precedence work.

You want to create a formula in the cell D1 that first adds the value in cells A1 and
B1 (5+5) and then divide the result of the addition calculation (10) by the value in
the cell C1 (2). The result of this calculation is, of course, 5 using cell references
and the + and / mathematical operators to build your formula, assume you then enter
=A1+B1/C1 in cell D1
Excel reads the formula from left to right and following the rules of precedence
performs the division calculation first (B1/C1). Excel then adds the result of the
division calculation (2.5) to the value in cell A1(5) for the result of 7.5 not what
you expected.

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 Excel must perform the addition calculation before it performs the division
calculation. You can control the order in which Excel performs the mathematical
operation by using parentheses.

Using Functions
A function is a predefined Excel formula you can use to perform common
calculation such as calculating the sum, average, minimum value or maximum
value.
A function maybe used alone or may be included in a complex formula combined
with other calculations.
 If the function is used alone or if it is the first calculation in a complex
formula, it must be precede by an equal sign(=) just as any other formula
 A function name must be included
 An open parenthesis must follow the function name
 Text, numbers, or cell references are entered as the function argument what
the function acts upon; multiple arguments are separated by a comma
 A closing parenthesis follows the functions argument
 Some functions do not have arguments; however, the opening and closing
parentheses must be included.
Excel offers two tools to make entering functions easier; the Autosum command
button in the Editing tab group on the Ribbon Home tab and the Insert Function
button to the left of the Formula Bar.
AutoSum command button and Insert Function button is used to quickly
enter the commonly used
SUM, AVERAGE, MIN, MAX and COUNT NUMBERS functions and to launch
the Insert Function Dialog box.
Clicking the AutoSum button faces insert the default SUM function in the cell. To
insert one of the other functions or to launch the Insert function dialog box, you
must click the AutoSum command button arrow and select a function or command
from the menu.

to calculate the Total Expenses for Year 1 using the AutoSum button:
• Step 1 Activate Cell B14
• Step 2 Click the Home tab on the Ribbon, if necessary
• Step 3 Locate the Editing Group
• Step 4 Click the AutoSum Command button in the Editing group
• Step 5 Observe the formula in cell B14

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 Showing and Hiding Worksheet Elements
Temporarily hiding numeric data and formulas by hiding cell values, rows,
columns, or entire worksheets allows you to share a workbook with others or print
a worksheet without sensitive data. The hidden data is still available for use in
formulas and the hidden formulas continue to work correctly. When you want to
view the data or formulas again, you can unhide the hidden cell values, rows,
columns, or worksheets.

Hiding Cell Contents

When you do not want to hide entire rows or columns, you can hide cell value in a
selected range by applying a custom format consisting of three semicolons (;;;) to
the range. When you hide numeric cell values, the values are still in the cells and
are available for use by worksheet formulas. To unhide the cell values, just reapply
the correct formatting.

Hiding Rows & Columns

You can quickly hide or unhide rows or columns by first selecting the row or
column headings, right clicking the selected headings, and clicking Hide or Unhide
on the shortcut menu. Numeric data in hidden row or columns is still available to
worksheet formulas and hidden formulas continue to work correctly.

Hiding Worksheets
You can hide or unhide one or more worksheet by first activating and individual
sheet or selecting multiple sheet, then click hide or unhide on the sheet tab shortcut
menu. Clicking Unhide opens the Unhide dialog box in which you specify which
worksheet you want to hide.

Undoing and Redoing an Action

You can click the Undo command button on the Quick Access toolbar to undo the
previous action. You can also undo multiple previous actions by clicking the Undo
command button arrow to view a list of actions the selecting multiple actions you
want to undo. Warning! Some actions, such as saving a file, cannot be undone; the
Undo command button is inactive.

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 Live preview is a feature that allows you to see how font formatting- font or font
size or font color, will look before you actually apply the formatting to text. In the
following steps, you live preview font, font size, and font color formatting for
selected cell contents, apply the formatting, undo the formatting and then redo the
formatting; the live preview is turned on by default in the popular options in the
Excel Option dialog box.

Working in Normal View, Page Layout View and Page break preview
Worksheet views include the default Normal View, the view you are currently
using to enter and format text, numbers, and formulas, plus Page Layout View and
Page Break Preview. You can switch between Normal, Page Layout, and Page
Break Preview views by clicking a command button on the View Toolbar on the
status bar.

Page Layout View

Page Layout View shows you how the worksheet data looks on a page and provides
tools you can use to enhance the worksheet before you print it e.g in a page layout
view you can change paper margins, add or change a page header or footer and use
the ruler to see the precise measurement of rows and columns. You can also enter
and edit cells contents in Page Layout View.

To switch from Normal View to Page Layout View:

• Step 1 click the Page Layout View command button on the View Toolbar
on the status bar.
• Step 2 Scroll the worksheet horizontally and vertically to view the entire
Page Layout View.
• Step 3 scrolls to view the upper left corner of the worksheet, if necessary. A
header is text that appears at the top of a printed page and footer is text that appears
at the bottom of each printed page. You can quickly add both a header and footer
in Page Layout View by clicking one of the three panes- the left pane, center pane,
or right pane- in the Header or Footer Area at the top or bottom of the page and
then keying the header or footer text

You can insert predefined headers or footers or insert special elements, such as page
numbers or the date and time, with command buttons on the Header & Footer
Designs contextual Ribbon Tab.

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 The Header & Footer Tools Design contextual tab appears on the Ribbon whenever
you activate a section of the Header Area or Footer Area in Page

Layout View or click the Header & Footer command button on the Ribbon Insert
Tab.

Page Break Preview

Excel inserts automatic page breaks as necessary based on the paper size, margin
settings and so on and so forth allowing worksheet contents to flow to additional
pages.
You can also control this flow by inserting horizontal or vertical manual page
breaks to force a worksheet contents to the desired page(s). to insert a manual page
break, you must first select a row, column, or cell below and to the right of where
you want the manual page break inserted. The best worksheet view in which to
work with page breaks is Page Break Preview.
Page Break Preview allows you to see existing automatic page breaks and insert
or reposition manual page breaks. You can also enter and format text and number
and insert formulas in the Page Break Preview by clicking the Page Break Preview
button on the status bar.

Before you print the worksheet, you should print preview it to verify how it will
look when printed.

Setting page setup Option in Print Preview

Viewing a worksheet in Print Preview allows you to better see how the worksheet
data will appear on the printed pages and also allows you to change page setup
options review multiple pages one page at a time or several pages at once, and
launch the Print dialog box using command buttons on the Print Preview Ribbon
Tab.
You can switch to print preview by clicking Print Preview command on the Print
Submenu on the Microsoft Office Button Menu or by clicking the Print Preview
command button on the Quick Access Toolbar.

To launch the Page Setup dialog box and set the page orientation and centering
options:
• Step1 Click the Page Setup command button in the Print group on the Ribbon
Print Preview tab

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 • Step 2 Click the page tab in the dialog box, if necessary
• Step 3 Click the Landscape option button
• Step 4 Click the Margins tab in the dialog box
• Step 5 Click the Horizontally check box to insert a check mark

Figure2.0: Margin Tab in the Page Setup Dialog Box

• Step 6 Click Ok
• Step 7 Observe the new Landscape orientation and centered data for Page 1
• Step 8 Click the next page command button in the preview group on the
Ribbon
Print Preview tab to view page 2
• Step 9 Observe the page setup for Page 2
• Step 10 Click the Previous page command button in the Preview group to
return to page 1
Now you are ready to launch the Print Dialog Box, review print options, and print
the worksheet.

Printing a Worksheet
The Quick Print command button allows you to print the worksheet using the
existing print options.
If you want to change print options- for example, change the number of copies or
switch to a different printer- you must launch the Pint Dialog Box, change the print
options and then click OK to print the worksheet.
If you are already working in print preview, you can click the Print command button
on the Ribbon Print Preview tab to launch the Print Dialog Box.
In the Print Dialog Box you can then select your printer, set a print range, and
specify exactly what you want to print-the entire active area of the current
worksheet, a selected range, or all the active worksheets areas in the entire
workbook.

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 To launch the Print dialog box in Print preview, review the print options, and then
print the worksheet:
Step1 Click the Print command button the Print group on the Ribbon Print
Preview tab to launch the Print dialog box.

Print Preview automatically closes; the Print dialog box that opens on your screen
should look similar to Figure below

Figure 2.1

In the Print Dialog Box, the currently assigned printer is show and the all print range
and active sheet(s) options are selected, by default, indicating the content of the
active area of the Financial forecast worksheet will be printed.

• Step 2 Review the Print Options in your dialog box

• Step 3 Click Ok to print the Financial forecast worksheet using the default
printer and other default options
• Step 4 Save the Workbook
• Step 5 Close the Workbook

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 Using the Internet
The web, also known as the World Wide Web (WWW) is essentially a
collection of uncountable number of pages of information displayed on the
internet. It is an information sharing tool that is growing at an unbelievable
rate.

The internet is a communication network that connect computers from all

around the world. To reach different websites, then, we use search engines
like Google or Bing to search for websites about a particular topic, word or
phrase. If you can think of a topic there is probably a website about it!

LOCATE AND OPEN A WEB BROWSER:

A web browser is a program that lets you see information and images on
websites. A browser reads the information on a web page and displays it on
your computer screen, example of web browsers are Mozilla Firefox and
Google Chrome.
To open one of these browsers you need to point to the browser icon on the
desktop with your mouse double click on it with the left mouse button. A
window would come up on the screen.

USING THE BROWSER MENU BAR:

The menu bar is located directly below the Title Bar in the Browser Window.
The title bar shows the name of the website you are viewing and the web
browser. The menu bar displays all of the options of things you can do with
the browser. Today we will be using Internet Explorer, but the options are
more or less the same way in any other browser. Once you know how to use
one, you’ll be able to navigate any of them!
You can click on any of the words in menu bar to see a list of tasks you can
perform, this will bring up a drop down menu with a list of choices. To select
one, point with your mouse and left click once.

HERE IS A BRIEF OVERVIEW:

File: Here you can open and close new windows and tabs, save pages to your
computer, print out websites, and exit the browser.

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 Edit: this item allows you to copy and paste text and images from websites, find
certain words on a page, and undo mistakes.
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View: you can change the display of your browser here, including text size.

Favorites: this is a place to store and access your favorite and most used websites.

Tools: these are more advanced settings for your web browser; most likely you will
never need to use these options.

Help: if you need more help with your browser try this menu item.

USING THE BROWSER’S NAVIGATION BAR:

The navigation bar is located directly above or below the Menu Bar and
contains buttons that provide shortcuts to frequently used navigation and
menu options, such as forward, back, stop , refresh and home.

Firefox Navigation bar:

The following is a description of the most frequently used navigation bar buttons:
The Back Button: takes you back to the previous page viewed.

The Forward Button: take you forward to the web page you viewed before you
back clicked

The Refresh Button: will reload pages that you are currently viewing.
The Home Button: will take you to webpage that opened when you first opened
your browser.

THE ADDRESS BAR:

The Address Bar will appear either below or above the tool bar. This is a long,
white box where you will type the address of the site you wish to go.

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 USING TABS:
One of the new features of Mozilla Firefox and newer versions of internet
explorer is tabs. Tabs allow you to organize different pages while keeping
them accessible, to open a new tab go to FILE NEW TAB, or clicking on the
small button with the

(+) sign to the right of last tab, or by holding down the control (CTRL) key and
typing Letter “T”.

TO GO TO A WEBSITE
1. Left click once inside the white part of the address bar. This will
highlight the address already in the bar. You can also click and drag your
mouse from left to right to highlight the text.
2. Press Delete or Backspace to empty the address bar.
3. Type the new address into the address bar (e.g.www.wikipedia.org)
4. Press enter on the keyboard the website should appear on your screen.

USING SEARCH ENGINES

To find information on the web, you will need to use a search engine. A search
engine goes out and finds information for you on the World Wide Web.
Google is the most popular search engine, but there are many others, such as
yahoo.com, Bing.com and Ask.com. We will practice using Google. Type the
web address www.google.com into the address bar at the top of the screen.
Then hit enter on your keyboard. This should bring up the Google homepage
on your screen. Left click in the search box, type a word or phrase that
describes the information you are looking for (the fewer the words the better-
no need to use complete sentences), if you get too many listed websites try
adding extra words that describes what you want, this will find only those
pages that contains these exact phrases

UNDERSTANDING ERROR MESSAGES

Sometimes you will type a website address but an error page comes up instead
of the website. This happens from time to time. The most common cause for
this is that you have typed the web address incorrectly. You can also
sometimes get an error message when you click on a link on a web page. This

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 often means either the link is “Broken” or the page no longer exists. An error
message can mean a variety of things e.g.
 The website is temporarily down
 The website doesn’t exist any more
 The link you clicked is broken (if it was created incorrectly)

 Your browser can’t open the site because of some restrictions.

 Too many people are try to access the site at once

COPYING INFORMATION FROM THE WEB

You may want to keep information you find on a web site but you don’t necessarily
need to print a whole page. You can accomplish this by copying and pasting
information from the web site to a word processing program.

Here is how you highlight the text:

a. Let’s go to the web browser’s “Home” Site Click the house icon to navigate
to the page you first saw when you opened the browser.
b. Place the cursor before some text you wish to highlight, try to highlight a
whole paragraph if possible.
c. Hold down the left mouse button
d. Move the mouse down and to the right until all the text you wish to copy is
highlighted, then let go of the mouse button.

To copy the text:

a. Click on the word edit in the browser menu bar
b. Slide the mouse down to copy
c. Left click once

This has copied the text you have highlighted onto the “Clipboard”, which stores it
for you to paste somewhere else. You will now need to open MS Word so you can
paste into a blank document.

Now Open Microsoft Word:

a. Double Click on the Microsoft Word Icon On the desktop once word opens,
b. Click on the Edit option of Word’s menu bar.
c. Slide mouse down to Paste.

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 d. Left-click once

Note: You can also use CTRL C to Copy and CTRL V to Paste instead of
accessing these options from the menu bar.

NAVIGATING THE WEB

Identifying Advertisement: it is common to find advertisement on websites. Many
of these advertisement are just trying to sell you things, but some of them are traps.
They get you to enter your personal information and tell you that this is for chance
to win money or prizes, but most of the time it’s just gets you email address so they
can send you junk mail some advertisement will pop up and tell you that you need
to click here because you have a virus on your computer or something similar.
Again, these are just ways that a company tries to access you personal information
or sell you something.
REMEMBER: You can always ignore advertisement, just like you can change the
tv channel at home. You are not forced to do anything on the INTERNET.

VIRUS AND PERSONAL SAFETY

Personal Safety: For your own safety never give out your personal information
over the web to unsolicited advertisement or unknown websites. These are most
likely not secure. If you are applying or buying from a legitimate organization or
company, it will be done on a secure site.
A secure site will display a little padlock somewhere in the browser, in addition,
the web address should begin with https://. The extra’s’ in the web address means
the site is secure. It is a good idea to make purchases from well-known, well
regarded sites, like www.amazon.com or www.target.com. You should also try to
read companies privacy policies before making a purchase.

Virus (Vital Information & Resources Under Siege): are malicious programs that
are loaded onto your computer without your knowledge. They can destroy or delete
everything on your hard drive, such as your files and folders, or extract personal
information. Your computer can become infected when you download pictures and
files from the web or email messages, so avoid downloading files from the internet
unless you are sure it is safe. If you receive an email from a friend with an
attachment, especially if it seems strange, verify that they intended to send you the
attachment before you open it.

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 Your home computer should be protected against viruses. You can equip it with
virus protection software that stops viruses from attacking the computer’s hard
drive and you files. When you try to download something from the web, the virus
application software will scan the downloaded file or image to make sure that it
doesn’t contain any virus.

You can message me for your enquiries or more answer

+ osahonosayamen@gmail.com
osahonosayamen.blogspot.com

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