LESSON 3

Literature in
American &
Japanese Period
Which period is more influential,
American or Japanese?
American Period (1898-1941)

American
Period
(1898-1941)
Advancements in education and culture:
 the introduction of free
instruction for all children of
school age
 the use of English as
medium of instruction in all
levels of education in public
schools
Founded Schools/ Universities in the Philippines
During American Colonial Period:
 PERIOD OF
APPRENTICESHIP
(1910-1930)
 Period of Apprenticeship
The literary pieces produced
during this period clearly
depicted the authors’ love for
country and their longing for
independence.
 SHORT STORIES
Dead Stars
by: Paz Marquez Benitez

-the first short story written

in English (1925)
 SHORT STORIES
The small Key (1927)
by: Paz Latorena

Footnote to Youth (1932)

by Jose Garcia Villa
 NEWSPAPERS
 El Nuevo Dia (The New Day)
by: Sergio Osmena in 1900

o The Americans censored, twice banned

and threatened Osmena with banishment
because of his nationalistic writings.
 NEWSPAPERS
 El Grito Del Pueblo (The Call of the
Nation)
by: Pascual Poblete in 1900

 El Renacimiento (The Rebirth)

by: Rafael Palma in 1901
 PLAYS
 Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas
by: Aurelio Tolentino

 Tanikalang Ginto
by: Juan Abad
 PLAYS
 Malaya
by: Tomas Remigio

 Walang Sugat
by: Severino Reyes
 The Characteristics and Features of
the American Period:
1. Zarsuelas
This was popular in 1893. A new-found
dramatic form was popular by Severino
Reyes and the old forms gradually vanished.
The theme was no longer about Christians
and Muslims but between Filipinos and
Spaniards in the first period of the American
rule.
 The Characteristics and Features of
the American Period:
2. Tagalog Prose Fiction
Writers of these prose were emotional; they
chose more for romantic adventures than for
flaming issues of the day.
Some of the well-known works are;
“Salawahang Pag-ibig” by Lope K. Santos,
“Pagsintang Naluoy” by Modesto Santiago and
“Unang Bulaklak” by Valeriano Hernandez.
 The Characteristics and Features of
the American Period:

3. Novel
“Banaag at Sikat,” in 1906
by: Lope K. Santos
The emotional character of each Filipino was
shown in this novel using tents of provinces.
 The Characteristics and Features of
the American Period:

4. Poetry Remarkable people in this area

Poets transformed not only love includes;
poems but nationalistic, o Marcelo de Gracia
spiritual, evocative and Concepcion
insightful poems too. They o Jose Garcia Villa
penned in free verse, in odes o Angela Manalang Gloria
and sonnets and in other types. o Abelardo Subido
Poetry was unique, natural, o Trinidad Tarrosa Subido
expertly written and later, o Rafael Zulueta da Costa.
merged social awareness.
 The Characteristics and Features of
the American Period:
5. Short Story (1925-1941)
 The College publications UP Literary
Apprentice
 Philippine Free Press
 The Graphic
 The Philippine Magazine
The short story prospered during these
times.
The Three Periods That
Emerged
During American Period:
1. The Period of Reorientation
(1898-1910)
2. The Period of Imitation
(1910-1924)
3. Period of Self-Discovery and
Growth (1925-1941
1. The Period of Reorientation
(1898-1910)
The English language became the
language of literature by the time of
American occupation on August 13,
1898. In 1900, the English language
came to be used as a method of
teaching in the public schools
 2. The Period of Imitation
 Different universities such as the UP-
College Folio printed the literary
masterpieces of the first Filipino
authors in English.
 They were then scrutinizing their way
into impersonating American and
British models which resulted in a
unusual, synthetic, and unnatural style,
lacking enthusiasm, and naturalness.
 2. The Period of Imitation
 Their models included Longfellow and
Hawthorne, Longfellow, Allan Poe, Irving
and other American authors of the
Romantic School
 Fernando Maramag (the greatest editorial
author of this period), Juan F. Salazar,
Jose M. Hernandez, Vicente del Fierro, and
Francisco M. Africa and Victoriano
Yamzon. They are
established when it comes to English
poetry.
 3. Period of Self-Discovery and
Growth (1925-1941
 By this time, Filipino writers had mastered
writing literary pieces in English.
 They confidently and competently wrote on
a lot of topics although the old-time favorites
of love and youth continued. They explored
writing various forms of literature like the
novel and the drama.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Japanese
Period
(1941-1945)
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

 The Japanese prohibited

the use of the English
language in almost all
newspapers except the
 Before it was managed
Tribune, Philippine
by a Japanese named
Review, Pillars, Free
Ishiwara, the weekly
Philippines, and Filipina.
magazine Liwayway was
placed under
a very strict surveillance.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Freedom of speech was prohibited.

The Filipino literature became
“bitter and pessimistic”. Strict
censorship didn’t allow a lot of
literary works to be published.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

 This period encouraged

Tagalog writing. Several
literary works that
focused on everyday life
were seen and
unaffected by war.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

 The guerrillas performed

oral and written literature
using their satirical and
humorous skills.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

 Voice of Freedom, a utmostly-secret

underground radio, served as the only contact
of Filipinos with the
outside world.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

During this period, Tagalog

was favored by the Japanese
military authority, and
eventually influenced and
encouraged the Filipinos to
develop vernacular
literature. Filipino literature
was given a break.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
 Movie houses showing American films
were closed. It was latter replaced by
stage plays that were translated
from English to Tagalog.

Translators
Francisco Soc
Alberto Concio
Rodrigo

Narciso Pimentel
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

The Filipino Poetry during

the Japanese Period:
The common theme of most poems
during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country, love, and life in the
barrios, faith, religion and the arts.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Three Types of Poems that Emerged

during the Japanese Period:

I. Haiku – a poem of free verse that the

Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables
divided into three lines.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
II. Tanaga – a poem consisted of 4 lines, each with 7
syllables. It has an AAAA rhyme scheme.
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

III. Karaniwang Anyo

usual metrical form
JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

A FEW PLAYWRIGHTS AND THEIR WELL-

KNOWN PLAYS WERE:
1. Jose Ma. Hernandez –wrote “Panday Pira”
2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo –wrote “Sa pula, sa
Puti”
3. Clodualdo del Mundo –wrote “Bulaga” (an
expression in the game Hide and Seek).
4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda –wrote “Sino ba
Kayo? Dahil sa Anak, and Higante ng Patay.”
Which period is more influential,
American or Japanese?
 IT TAKES A
GREAT DEAL
OF HISTORY
TO PRODUCE
A LITTLE
LITERATURE
WILLIAM PRESCOTT
Assignment:
Accomplish Week 3 Activity in Canvas. Read and
analyze the poem by Jose Garcia Villa.

Make sure to:

• Limit your words. 500 – 1000 words only.
• Submit as Text Entry in Canvas.

DEADLINE: Sunday (September 25)

THANK
YOU!