BIO BATTERY

SEMINAR PRESENTATION REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree
of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in

ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

by
Name: Shreyansh Thakur
Enrollment No: 07414804919
Group: 7EEE456

Date of Submission: 21-11-2022

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

MAHARAJA AGRASEN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI)

DELHI – 110086
November- 2022
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep gratitude to Mr. Ashok Goyal and Mrs. Supriya Sharma,
Assistant Prof. EEE for their valuable guidance.
I would like to extend my thanks to Dr. Rajvir Mittal, Head, Department of
Electrical & Electronics Engineering for his time-to-time suggestions to complete
my seminar work. I am also thankful to Prof. (Dr.) Neelam Sharma, Director,
MAIT, Delhi for providing me the facilities to carry out my seminar work.

SHREYANSH THAKUR
(07414804919)
 TABLE OF CONTENT

NAME OF TOPIC PAGE NO

Acknowledgement 2

Content Table 3

Abstract 4

What is Bio Battery 5

Mechanism of battery 6-7

Why bio batteries 8-9

Recent Developments and future scope 10-11

Conclusion 12

References 13
 ABSTRACT
.
The bio battery, based on mechanisms used in living organisms, is friendly to the
environment and has enormous potential for use as an energy source.
This report aims to explain this emerging technology. Firstly, we have introduction
to bio batteries i.e., what bio batteries are and it is working followed up by its
advantages and disadvantages concluding with how this natural resource could be
useful in sustainable energy generation.
 WHAT IS BIO BATTERY?

When a glucose solution is poured into the white cubes, the Walkman begins to play. When an
isotonic drink is poured in, a propeller starts to spin. In the summer of 2007, the Sony-developed
bio battery was announced in newspapers, magazines, and TV reports, and evoked a strong
response. Carbohydrates (glucose) are broken down to release energy and generate electricity.

Fig: Bio Battery

A bio-battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic compounds. Bio-Battery

generates electricity from renewable fuels (glucose, sucrose, fructose, etc.) providing a sustained,
on-demand portable power source. When enzymes in our bodies break down glucose, several
electrons and protons are released. Therefore, by using enzymes to break down glucose, bio-
batteries directly receive energy from glucose. These batteries then store this energy for later use.
This concept is almost identical to how both plants and many animals obtain energy. Bio battery
use biocatalyst, either biomolecules such as enzymes or even whole living organism to catalyze
oxidation of bio mass-based materials for generating electrical energy
 THE MECHANISM BEHIND BIO BATTERIES

Principal

A bio-battery generates electricity from carbohydrates (sugar) utilizing enzymes as the catalyst,
through the application of power generation principles found in living organisms

The bio-battery incorporates an anode consisting of sugar digesting enzymes and mediator, and a
cathode comprising oxygen-reducing enzymes and mediator, either side of a cellophane
separator. The anode extracts electrons and hydrogen ions from the sugar (glucose) through
enzymatic oxidation as follows:

Glucose→Gluconolactone+2H+ + 2e−

Working

A Bio-Battery battery consists of two different metals suspended in an acidic solution. They
contain an anode, cathode, separator, and electrolyte, which are the basic components to any cell
battery. Each component is layered on top of another component. Anodes and cathodes are the
negative and positive areas on a battery. The anode is at the top of the battery and the cathode at
the bottom. Anodes are components that allow electrons to flow in from outside the battery,
whereas cathodes are devices that allow current to flow out from the battery
Between the anode and the cathode lies the electrolyte which contains a separator. The main
function of the separator is to keep the cathode and anode separated, to avoid electrical short
circuits. This system allows for a flow of protons (H+) and electrons (e-) which generate
electricity. The movement of protons has a moving force called current. When this moving force
(current) is measured, it is measured it what is called voltage or volt
Like a conventional fuel cell battery, Bio Battery consists of an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and
separator. However, Bio Battery has certain specific characteristics. First, biological enzymes are
used as catalysts for the anode and cathode. Second, enzymes and electronic mediators (which
transfer electrons between enzymes, and between enzymes and electrodes) are fixed on the anode
and cathode.

Glucose is broken down on the anode side of the battery, producing protons (H+) and electrons
(e-). The protons (H+) are transferred to the cathode side through the separator, while the
electrons (e-) are transported to the cathode side through the mediator, which transfers them to
the external circuit. The cathode uses the enzymes to drive an oxygen-reduction reaction which
produces water using both the protons (H+) and the electrons (e-) transferred from the anode.
These reactions at the anode and cathode generate electric energy by creating proton (H+) and
electron (e-) flow in the cell system
 WHY BIO BATTERIES?

There are several reasons to research alternative fuel sources. For one, it may lead to an
alternative solution to our dependence on oil and other types of energy sources that harm the
environment. Also, from a medical point of view, developing small batteries that can be powered
by a human body my prove revolutionary for many reasons

Unlike the conventionally used fuel generation sources like fossil fuels, energy generated from
bio fuels are carbon neutral and do not contribute to CO2 levels in our atmosphere

Advantages:
• A significant advantage that bio-batteries have in comparison to other batteries is their
ability to allow an instant recharge
• Through a constant supply of sugar, or glucose, bio batteries can continuously keep
themselves charged without an external power supply.
• Bio batteries are also a source of non-flammable, and non-toxic fuel
• This provides a clean alternative renewable power source

Disadvantages
• These batteries cannot be used for the long-term as well as storage
• The bio batteries preserve less amount of energy as compared to lithium-based electrical
batteries.
Applications:
• Bio-batteries are used in the defense field in the remote sensing devices
• Portable Charging
• Replacing Batteries
• Disaster Relief

Fig: Applications of bio battery

 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE SCOPE

The biobattery concept is not new. Sony made a headline-generating announcement in 2007
when it showed that a series of simple enzyme-based biobatteries using glucose as fuel could
power small devices, including a flash-based mp3 player

The single cell type bio battery prototype has a power density of approximately 10 milli wat per
square cm at the current density of 25 mA per square cm providing voltage of about 800 mV

Fig: Single cell type bio battery

FUTURE SCOPE
Bio Battery has enormous potential as a next-generation energy device. Advantages include its
excellent harmony with the environment as a product fueled by a carbohydrate (glucose) having
high energy density. Sony will continue to commercialize this technology soon, initially for use
in toys and other low-power products.
Bio-batteries have a very bright future ahead of them as test productions and research have been
increasing over recent years. They serve as a new form of energy that is proving environmentally
friendly, as well as successful, in producing and reserving energy. Fully-integrated
demonstrations are to be executed in close collaboration with customer, for relevant applications
The new Prototype of bio batteries id developed in March 2013. It is a 5W Prototype with 15-
Cell Graphite Stack. This prototype is as shown in the figure below

Fig: Prototype of bio battery

 CONCLUSIONS

The Bio batteries are High performing, stable, and reproducible enzymatic fuel cell technology
developed over last 5 years. The Scaled-up demonstration of Bio-Battery powering electronic
circuit (performed at both Power Sources and Army Science Confs). Fully-integrated Bio-
Battery charging prototypes are already developed. Funding secured from multiple Department
of Defense (DOD) agencies for multiple target applications over the next 3-5 years.
While many exciting announcements have been made in the field of bio-batteries, it may be
some time before we see them replacing nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion or the several other types
of traditional batteries. Even so, the small, flexible, longlisting and environmentally friendly
battery technologies discussed here show the great possibilities researchers see in bio-batteries,
especially for the field of medicine The technology generates electricity by turning shredded
paper into sugar which in turn is used as fuel. If brought to market, their mobile devices using
waste material.
Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium batteries, bio-batteries are less likely to
retain most of their energy. This causes a problem with long-term usage and energy storage for
these batteries. However, researchers are continuing to develop the battery to make it a more
practical replacement for current batteries and energy sources.
They serve as a new form of energy that is proving to be environmentally friendly, as well as
successful, in producing and reserving energy. Although the batteries are still being tested before
being commercially sold, several research teams and engineers are working to further advance
the development of these batteries.
 REFERENCES

• Releasing the Potential of Biobatteries by Kyle Proffitt

• An Overview of Bio-battery – Working Principle, Types & Applications
• Bio battery PPT by Aram Mahmoodi & Ali A. Ensafi