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Ladders and Scaffolds

This document discusses OSHA requirements and safe use techniques for ladders and scaffolds. It covers fixed ladder requirements, ladder selection guidelines, portable ladder use instructions, scaffold regulations including guardrail and planking requirements. Unsafe conditions are identified such as unstable ladders, makeshift scaffolding, and lack of fall protection over 10 feet. Resources for additional OSHA ladder and scaffolding information are provided.

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Achmad Chusnadi
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111 views39 pages

Ladders and Scaffolds

This document discusses OSHA requirements and safe use techniques for ladders and scaffolds. It covers fixed ladder requirements, ladder selection guidelines, portable ladder use instructions, scaffold regulations including guardrail and planking requirements. Unsafe conditions are identified such as unstable ladders, makeshift scaffolding, and lack of fall protection over 10 feet. Resources for additional OSHA ladder and scaffolding information are provided.

Uploaded by

Achmad Chusnadi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ladders and Scaffolds

PRESENTER

MIKE MILLER
Safety Consultant

mmiller@smscsafety.com
(563) 581-3992

2
TRAINING OBJECTIVES

• Understand OSHA requirements for ladders


• Identify safe ladder use techniques
• Understand scaffold regulations
• Develop safe use techniques for scaffolding

3
FIXED LADDER REQUIREMENTS

• Old rule – Over 20ft required cage

New Rules
• Over 24 feet – must have a ladder safety system or fall arrest system in
place
• Cages no longer considered fall protection
• Cages grandfathered in until 2036

4
LADDER TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

Each employee using ladders should be trained to recognize


hazards related to their use. This includes:
• Nature of the fall hazards in the work area
• Correct procedures for placement, use, and maintenance
• Maximum intended load-carrying capacities

5
OSHA REQUIREMENT

Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load


for which they were built nor beyond their manufacturer's rated
capacity.

TYPE DUTY RATING USE LOAD


1AA Special Heavy Duty Rugged 375 Lbs.
1A Extra Heavy Duty Industrial 300 Lbs.
1 Heavy Duty Industrial 250 Lbs.
II Medium Duty Commercial 225 Lbs.
III Light Duty Household 200 Lbs.

6
SELECTING EXTENSION LADDERS

Height to Gutter Extension Ladder


or Top Support Height
9' max. 16'
9' to 13' 20'
13' to 17' 24'
17' to 21' 28'
21' to 25' 32'
25' to 28' 36'
28' to 31' 40'

Ladder heights are 9-11 ft. longer than the height to be reach to allow for
the height/length lost when the ladder is positioned at an angle.

7
SELECTING STEP LADDERS

Maximum Height Stepladder Height


Choose a You Need to Reach
7 3
stepladder 8 4
that is no 9 5
more than 4 10 6
ft. shorter 12 8
14 10
than the
15 11
height you 16 12
want to reach. 18 14
20 16

8
PROPER CONDITION AND INSTRUCTIONS

Inspect the ladder for visible defects.


• Never use a ladder that is broken or otherwise damaged.
• Remove damaged ladders from service and tag them as damaged.

Review the safety labels on the ladder.


• Always comply with the warnings and instructions.
• Labels must be legible

9
PORTABLE LADDER USE

• No fall arrest gear required when using a portable ladder properly


• Face the ladder when ascending or descending and maintain three
points of contact at all times.
• Keep your body centered on the ladder.
• Never let your belt buckle pass either ladder siderail.

11
PLACEMENT TIPS

• Avoid setting up a ladder in high traffic areas or barricaded areas.


• Do not use metal or aluminum ladders near electrical lines.
• Place ladders on stable and level surfaces.

12
• Extension ladders should be
Ladders
used at a 4 to 1 pitch
• For every 4 ft. in height, the
bottom of the ladder should
be 1 ft. away from the
structure.
CORRECT PITCH?

14
ANY HAZARDS?

15
PROPER HEIGHT EXTENSION LADDERS

When using an
extension ladder for
access to another
level, the ladder must
extend at least 3 ft.
(.9 m) above the
landing to provide a
hand hold for getting
on and off the ladder.

16
SECURE AND STABILIZE LADDERS

• Extension ladders should be secured at the top or bottom to prevent


movement.
• The base of an extension ladder must be secured in place by using the
safety feet on the ladder or other effective means.

17
SECURED AT THE TOP

18
SECURED AT THE BOTTOM

19
UNSTABLE BASE

20
SECURE AND STABILIZE LADDERS, CONT.

Uneven Surface
When the surface is not level,
use a ladder leveler (accessory)
to provide even contact points.

21
SCAFFOLDS

22
SCAFFOLDING GUIDELINES

• Scaffolding that is 10 ft. or higher must be equipped with


guardrails.
• A competent person must supervise the set-up and take down of
all scaffolding.
• Walls that support exterior scaffold must be capable of
supporting, without failure, the weight of the scaffold and four
times the maximum intended load on the scaffolding.
• Scaffolding must be fully planked, and planks must be secured so
they cannot move.

23
WILL THIS SCAFFOLD HOLD 4 TIMES THE INTENDED LOAD?

24
MASONRY BLOCKS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE

25
GUARDRAIL REQUIREMENTS- SCAFFOLDS

• Toprails Between 38” and 45” High


• Guardrails to 200 Lbs/Midrails to min. 75 Lbs – 150 lbs depending on
Toprail capacity.
• Cross Bracing OK as Guardrail if Between 20” and 30” for Midrail 38” to
48” for Toprail
• Protect from Falling Objects
- All Workers on Scaffolds MUST Wear Hard Hats

26
Cross Bracing OK as Toprail

Toprail

Midrail
SCAFFOLD ACCESS

• Ladders Needed if Access More Than 2’


• Don’t Climb Cross Braces
• Place Ladders Securely

28
PLANKING

• Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when
loaded
• Must be able to support 4 times the intended weight-
determined by competent person

31
FULLY PLANKED?

33
FULLY PLANKED

35
PFAS USED WITH LADDER JACK SCAFFOLD OVER 10’ (MAX HEIGHT 20’)

36
SUMMARY

• Understand OSHA requirements for ladders


• Identify safe ladder use techniques
• Understand scaffold regulations
• Develop safe use techniques for scaffolding
• Identify unsafe conditions when using ladders and scaffolds

37
LADDER /SCAFFOLD INFORMATION RESOURCES

• https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/scaffolding/planking.html
• https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3150/osha3150.html
• https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/construction/falls/4ladders.html
• https://www.osha.gov/laws-
regs/regulations/standardnumber/1926/1926.1053

• https://www.millerfallprotection.com/en/osha-ladder-safety-brochure

38
C&B RISK MANAGEMENT CENTER

PATRICIA MACKEY
Administrative Assistant

pmackey@smscsafety.com
563.585.8855

39

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