Semester:

Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -

AUTUMN MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION-2022

School of Computer Engineering
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University
Computer Network
[IT-3005]
Time: 1 1/2 Hours Full Mark: 20

Answer any four Questions including Q.No.1 which is Compulsory.

The figures in the margin indicate full marks. Candidates are required to give their answers in their own
words as far as practicable and all parts of a question should be answered at one place only.

1. Answer all the questions. [1x5]

a) Station B needs to send a message consisting of 9 packets to Station C using a sliding
window (window size 3) and go-back-n error control strategy. All packets are ready and
immediately available for transmission. If every 5th packet that B transmits gets lost (but
no acks from C ever get lost), then what is the number of packets that B will transmit for
sending the message to C?

ANS: 16

b) What are the minimum functionality should be implemented by a transport protocol over
and above the network protocol?

ANS: End to end connectivity is the required functionality provided by Trnasport protocol.
UDP of transport layer protocol that doesn’t implement other three functionalities, they are
implemented only in TCP

c) A client uses UDP to send data to a server. The data is 16 bytes long. Calculate the
efficiency of transmission at the UDP level.
ANS: 8 byte header + 16 bytes data = 24 bytes
16/24 = 66.667% efficiency

d) What would be the type of resource record (RR) that contains the canonical name of the
host?
ANS: CNAME

e) In a client-server architecture, why is it necessary to keep the server always on where as

the client can be on or off from time to time.
ANS: A server is a computer on a network that provides a resource that can be used by any
authorized client station. To make the server available all the time to each client, it should be
always on.
 Semester:
Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -
2. [ 2.5+2.5]
(a) Explain the different fields of a TCP header along with a header diagram. If the size of a TCP
segment is 1KB and header length value is 6, the sequence number = 3500. Given that URG flag = 1
and URG pointer = 45. Then how many of them are urgent data, Give the sequence numbers of urgent
data.
ANS:

Explanation of each fields.

Given
size of a TCP segment = 1KB
header length = 6
sequence number = 3500
URG flag = 1
URG pointer = 45
Solution
sequence number of the first byte = 3500
Assuming urgent pointer specifies up to what sequence number data is urgent
URG pointer = 45 [given value]
then, up to sequence number of 3500+45 = 3545 data is urgent i.e., total of 46 bytes
Answer
46 bytes of urgent data, sequence number is 3500-3545

(b) Using caching, the response time of downloading a object can be reduced. However, it may
introduce a stale cache problem. Describe how HTTP handle this problem.
ANS: Stale data is an artifact of caching, in which an object in the cache is not the most recent version
committed to the data source. To avoid stale data, implement an appropriate cache locking strategy.
 Semester:
Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -
The following shows how a HTTP client imposes the modification data and time condition on a request.

The status line in the response shows the file was not modified after the defined point in time. The body
of the response message is also empty.

3. [ 2.5+2.5 ]
(a) DNS can use either UDP or TCP as a transport layer protocol. Explain, in what circumstance UDP is
preferred over TCP and vice-versa.
ANS: There are the following interesting facts about TCP and UDP on the transport layer.
1) UDP is much faster. TCP is slow as it requires a 3-way handshake. The load on DNS servers is also
an important factor.
2) DNS requests are generally very small and fit well within UDP segments.
3) UDP is not reliable, but reliability can be added to the application layer. An application can use UDP
and can be reliable by using a timeout and resend at the application layer.
Actually, DNS primarily uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) on port number 53 to serve requests.
DNS queries consist of a single UDP request from the client followed by a single UDP reply from the
server. When the length of the answer exceeds 512 bytes, larger UDP packets are used. Otherwise, the
query is sent again using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP is also used for tasks such as
zone transfers.

(b) Following are the information for a TCP Client and a Server:
– The MSS (Maximum Segment Size) in both directions is 1000 bytes.
– The ISN (Initial Sequence Number) for Client is 50 and for Server is 81.
The Client sends 2000 bytes to the Server and the Server sends 3000 bytes to the client. Give the
complete TCP message exchange between client and server. For each segment draw a vector showing
the value of the SYN, ACK and FIN bits, with the value of the SEQ (Sequence Number) and the ACK
(Acknowledgement Number). Assume no packets are lost and the application consumes the data as soon
as it is received.
 Semester:
Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -
ANS:

4. [2.5+2.5 ]
(a) Explain the flow diagram of stop and wait protocol with both packet lost and acknowledgment lost
scenario.
ANS:
 Semester:
Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -
(b) Assume that, in a Stop-and-Wait system, the bandwidth of the line is 1 Mbps, and 1 bit takes 20
milliseconds to make a round trip. What is the bandwidth-delay product? If the system data packets are
1,000 bits in length, what is the utilization percentage of the link?
ANS: Bandwidth of the line = 1 mbps
1 bit takes 20 ms to make a round trip
The length of system data frames = 1000 bits
bandwidth-delay product = 1 X 106 X 20 X 10-3 = 20,000 bits
During the time it takes the data to go from the sender to the recipient and then back again, the device
will send 20,000 bits.
The unit, however, only sends 1,000 bits. We can say that the use of the link is only 1000/20,000, or 5%.

5. Short note on any two [ 2.5+2.5 ]

(a) Circuit-switching vs packet switching.
ANS:

Circuit Switching Packet Switching

Each packet containing the information that

A circuit needs to be established to make
needs to be processed goes through the
sure that data transmission takes place.
dynamic route.

A uniform path is followed throughout the There is no uniform path that is followed end
session. to end through the session.

It is ideal for voice communication, while It is used mainly for data transmission as the
also keeping the delay uniform. delay is not uniform.

Without a connection, it cannot exist, as the A connection is not necessary, as it can exist
connection needs to be present on a physical without one too. It needs to be present on a
layer. network layer.

Data to be transmitted is processed at the Data is processed and transmitted at the

source itself. source as well as at each switching station.

(b) Multiplexing vs de-multiplexing.

ANS:
 Semester:
Semester: 5th
4th
Subject
Sub & Code: OSComputer
Name:- Network
& CS - 2009
Code:- IT-3005
Branch (s): CSE, IT, CSSE, CSCE
Branch (s): -
(c) Slow start vs additive increase in congestion control.
ANS:
Slow start:

Additive increase:

*** Best of Luck ***