SUBJECT: Auxiliary Machinery I

MODULE No. 01
Topic: Valves and Fittings
Time Frame: Week 1
Lesson 1:
1. Valves and its functions
2. Valve parts and its function
3. Valve types and its application
4. Fittings and uses
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
INTRODUCTION

This lesson covers the definition, parts and types of

valves it also includes the types of fittings.

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Define valves and fittings.
2. Identify and explain the different parts of valves.
3. Enumerate and identify the types of valves and fittings.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

INSTRUCTIONS
1.The subject entails a lot of readings. Be patient!
Patience is a virtue. In reading, you BECOME MORE!
2. Please read the various texts carefully so that you can
comprehend easily.
3. You can consult google or dictionaries for clearer
understanding of terms and concepts met in the texts.
4. Do the different activities required. Do not leave any
activity undone.
5. Please follow instructions. Feel free to ask me via
messenger (Sherwin Villamil Borja) or text (09197836157) for
clarification on directions.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

INSTRUCTIONS
6. Answer questions with all honesty. Success does not come
from copying from others. It is made possible by trying hard on
your own so that you can learn even from your mistakes.
7. Review your answers. It is safe to go back and think
about what you have written. This can help you lessen if not
avoid errors.
8. Do not delay in doing and submitting your requirements.
This can help you avoid having a pile of unfinished activities.
9. Have fun as you learn. When you are having fun, you can
surely learn the lessons.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

CHECKING OF ATTENDANCE
Note: Open/start your camera. If your name is called, say
“state your last name, followed by the word “PRESENT” (e.g.
LUNA, PRESENT) for initial checking of attendance.

Prepared by: Sir Sherwin V. Borja

PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON

What does the image

shows?

If you are the

engine cadet and you
are on your watch, what
is your first thing to
do in that situation?

Prepared by: Sir Sherwin V. Borja

DISCUSSION
What is a valve?
A valve is a device that
regulates, controls or directs the flow of a
fluid by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing fluid flow.
A mechanical device that controls the
flow and pressure of fluid within a
system or Process. So basically, it
controls flow & pressure.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

VALVE FUNCTIONS

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VALVE FUNCTION
- stopping and starting
a fluid flow. Depending
on whether a valve is
open or closed, it let
pass the process fluid or
halt the fluid.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

VALVE FUNCTION
- Regulating a flow or
pressure within the
piping system. Some of
the automatic control
valves maintain the flow
and pressure within the
system by adjusting
opening and closing.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

VALVE FUNCTION

- Controlling the
direction of a fluid
flow. Multiport
valve lets you
decide the way
fluid will go.

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VALVE FUNCTION

- Relieve pressure
from the piping
system and
equipment. It also
safeguard the
process system from
overpressure.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

PARTS OF VALVE

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What are the parts of a valve?

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BODY
- Main pressure retaining part.
- Holds other parts.
- Ends connects with piping

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

BONNET
- Pressure retaining part.
- Cover for the valve body.
- Connected by bolting, welding
or threading

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DISK
- Fluid movement control.
a. Start / allow flow
b. Throttles flow
c. Stops flow

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SEAT
- Seating surface for the disk

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

STEM
- The rod or shaft.
- Connected to disk by
a. Thread
b. Weld

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

TRIM
- is internal and replaceable
parts includes
a. disk
b. seat
c. stem

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

ACTUATORS
- mechanisms to operate the
valve includes
a. manual
b. electric
c. pneumatic
d. hydraulic
e. self actuated
f. solenoid type

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

TYPES OF VALVES

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

1. GATE VALVE
- is the most common type
of valve in any process plant.
It is a linear motion valve
used to start or stop fluid
flow. In service, these valves
are either in fully open or fully
closed position.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

2. GLOBE VALVE
- used to stop, start, and
regulate the fluid flow. Globe
Valves are used in the
systems where flow control is
required and leak tightness is
also necessary. Globe valve
provides better shut off as
compared to gate valve and it
is costlier than gate valve.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

3. CHECK VALVE
- prevents backflow in
the piping system. The
pressure of the fluid
passing through a
pipeline opens the
valve, while any
reversal of flow will
close the valve.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

4. PLUG VALVE
- is Quarter-turn rotary
motion Valve that uses a
tapered or cylindrical plug to
stop or start the flow. The disk
is in plug shape, which has a
passage to pass the flow. Plug
valve used as on-off stop
valves and capable of
providing bubble tight shutoff.
Plug valve can be used in
vacuum to high-pressure &
temperature applications

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

5. BALL VALVE
- is a quarter-turn rotary
motion valve that uses a
ball-shaped disk to stop or
start the flow. Most ball valves
are of the quick-acting type,
which requires a 90° turn of
the valve handle to operate
the valve. The ball valve is
Smaller and lighter than a
gate valve of same size and
rating.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

6. BUTTERFLY VALVE
- is a quarter-turn rotary
motion valve, that is used to
stop, regulate, and start the
flow. Butterfly valve has a
short circular body. Butterfly
Valve is suitable for large
valve applications due to
Compact, lightweight design
that requires considerably
less space, as compared to
other valves.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

7. NEEDLE VALVE
- are similar to a globe
valve in design with the
biggest difference is the
sharp needle like a disk.
Needle valves are designed
to give very accurate control
of flow in small diameter
piping systems. They get
their name from their
sharp-pointed conical disc
and matching seat.
8. PINCH VALVE
- is also known as
clamp valve. It is a
linear motion valve.
Used to start, regulate,
and stop fluid flow. It
uses a rubber tube, also
known as a pinch tube
and a pinch mechanism
to control the fluid.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

9. PRESSURE RELIEF
VALVE
- pressure safety
valve are used to
protect equipment or
piping system during an
overpressure event or
in the event of vacuum.
This valve releases the
pressure or vacuum at
pre-defined set
pressure.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

FITTINGS

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FITTINGS
- piping
component that
helps in Changes
the direction of the
flow such as
elbows, tees.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

FITTINGS
- changes the size
of the pipe such as
reducers, reducing
tees.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

FITTINGS
- connect different
components such
as couplings and
stop the flows such
as Caps.

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ELBOWS

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 - elbow changes
the direction of
pipings.

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - the connections
allows you to
reroute threaded
pipes to turn
corners.
- it also fit in
limited spaces
without the
expense of
buying a pipe
bender.
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
BENDS

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - All elbows
are bends but
all bends are
not elbows.

- used for any offset or change of

direction in the piping
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
TEES

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - it is used to connect pipelines to
with a pipe at a right angle with the
line. Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
REDUCERS

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - a component in a piping system
that changes the pipe size from larger
to a smaller bore. Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
CROSS

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - The pipe
cross may have
one inlet and
three outlets, or
three inlets and
one outlet.

- is a kind of pipe fitting that be used

in the place where four pipes meet
together. Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
COUPLING

Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja

 - is arranged between the two pipes to
prevent leakages with the help of rubber,
seals or gaskets on the both sides.
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
NIPPLE

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 - works as a connection between
two other fittings having male threads
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
CLOSURE

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 - are used to close ends of the pipe
either temporarily or permanently.
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OLETS

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 - are used when the standard size of
the fittings fails to serve the purpose.
Prepared by: 4E Sherwin V. Borja
SUMMATIVE ACTIVITY
Identify what part of a valve shown
below.

VALVE DISK

VALVE STEM
VALVE BODY
Prepared by: Sir Sherwin V. Borja
SUMMATIVE ACTIVITY
Identify what type of valve shown below

BUTTERFLY
VALVE

GATE VALVE PRESSURE

RELIEF VALVE
Prepared by: Sir Sherwin V. Borja
SUMMATIVE ACTIVITY
Identify what type of pipe fittings
shown below.

CLOSURE

BENDS REDUCERS
Prepared by: Sir Sherwin V. Borja
SYNTHESIS
Note: Proceed to GOOGLE CLASSROOM under CLASSWORK SECTION
and take your activity in the “PRELIM ACTIVITIES”.
File name: ACTIVITY 1 (Lesson 1 and Lesson 2)
EVALUATION

Note: Proceed to EDMODO CLASSROOM.

File name: QUIZ 1 (Lesson )
This quiz consists of multiple-choice, true or false, fill in the
blanks, matching type, multiple answers and short essay questions. To
be successful with the weekly quizzes, it’s important to thoroughly
read PRELIM MODOULE (Lesson 1). It will also be extremely useful to
study the key terms at the end of the chapter and review the ACTIVITY 1
(Lesson 1). Keep the following in mind:

Only one response per student- You will have a single and reliable
result for this quiz the highest score being recorded in the grade
book.
Timing - You will need to complete the first attempt in one sitting, as
you are allotted 1 (one) hour to complete the quiz.

To start, click the "QUIZ 1 (Lesson 1)" button. When finished, click
the "SUBMIT" button.
Only registered, enrolled students can take the graded quiz.
REFERENCE
Mark Philipp Laurilla, Marine Engineering for Deck
Officers. Manila, MARTA, Philippines, c2008