ERYTHROPOIESIS

Pronormoblast Basophilic Normoblast Polychromatophilic Normoblast Orthochromatic Normoblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte

(Rubriblast) (Prorubriblast) (Rubricyte) (Metarubricyte)
 Earliest recognizable and largest  Hemoglobin synthesis begins at this  Increased production of  The last nucleated stage  Slightly larger than the mature RBC  A biconcave 6 – 8 um disc
cell of the erythrocyte series stage hemoglobin pigmentation and  Cannot synthesize DNA and with residual amts of RNA  Life span: 120 days
 Size: 12 – 20 um  Size: 10 – 15 um decreasing amounts of RNA cannot undergo cellular division  Reticulocyte count: an index of  Main function: to transport hemoglobin,
 Nucleus: large round, oval, dark  Nucleus: large round to sl oval;  Last stage in which the cell is  The NRBC sometimes seen in bone marrow activity or effective a protein that delivers oxygen from the
violet  condensed, coarse chromatin; 0 – 1 capable of mitoses the peripheral circulation erythropoiesis lungs to tissues and cells
 fine chromatin; 1 – 2 nucleoli nucleoli  Size: 10 - 15 um  Size: 8 - 10 um  Size: 8 - 10 um  Contains 90% hemoglobin and 10% H2O
 Cytoplasm: deep blue spotty,  Cytoplasm: deeply basophilic;  Nucleus is condensed and intensely  Nucleus: small pyknotic nucleus;  Nucleus: anucleate cell containing  normal conc of RBCs varies w/ age, sex &
basophilic w/ a perinuclear halo clusters of free ribosomes basophilic with coarse dense small amt of basophilic reticulum geographic distribution
 N/C Ratio: 8:1  N/C Ratio: 6:1 heterochromatin granules.  chromatin; 0 nucleoli (RNA)  Size: 7 - 8 um
 BM (%): 1  BM (%): 1-4  Lighter, grayish cytoplasm  Cytoplasm: abundant red-  Nucleoli: 0  Nucleus: anucleated cell
 Round nucleus and thin rim of  nuclear condensation (“fractured”  Nucleoli: 0 orange cytoplasm uniform in  Cytoplasm: large amt of blue-pink  Nucleoli: 0
blue cytoplasm nucleus) with a deep blue color staining hemoglobin cytoplasm  Cytoplasm: pink staining, zone of central
cytoplasm  N/C Ratio: 1:2 pallor is 1/3 of cell diameter devoid of
 No granules/Almost no nucleoli  BM (%): 5-10 hemoglobin
present  N/C Ratio: NA
LEUKOPOIESIS
Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band
 first stage of the granulocytic series that is  second largest stage in the granulocytic  Size: 10 – 18 um  Size: 10 – 16 um  Size: 10 – 15 um
identifiable by light microscopy series  Nucleus: central to eccentric; large,  Nucleus: kidney or bean, indented, blue-  Nucleus: C or S-shape; dark purple; dense
 Size: 10 – 20 um  Size: 12 – 21 um round,oval; blue; coarse chromatin; rarely purple; coarse and compact chromatin;no and clumpy chromatin; no nucleoli
 Nucleus: large round to oval, indented on one  Nucleus: large round to oval, dark blue; visible nucleoli nucleoli  Cytoplasm: abundant; pink to violet; (+)
side; dark blue; 1 – 5 nucleoli often flattened; 2-3 nucleoli  Cytoplasm: moderate; bluish pink or light  Cytoplasm: abundant; pink; (+) specific large amount of secondary granules
 Cytoplasm: scant, basophilic w/ distinct  Cytoplasm: increasing in amount; medium pink, becoming light; (+) specific granules or granules or secondary granules  N/C Ratio: 1:3
parachromatin blue; (+) nonspecific granules or primary secondary granules (violet) - LESS  N/C Ratio: 4:1  BM (%): 10-40
 N/C Ratio: 5:1 granules (red) - MORE  N/C Ratio: 4:1  BM (%): 15-30
 BM (%): 1-2 o N/C Ratio: 5:1  BM (%): 10-20
o BM (%): 2-5
Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil
 Size: 10 – 15 um  Size: 10 – 15 um  Size: 10 – 15 um
 Nucleus: segmented or lobulated (2-5 lobes); dark purple; coarse and  Nucleus: segmented or lobed with 1-3 lobes; dark purple and obscured by  Nucleus: segmented or lobed with 1-3 lobes; dark purple; coarse and
clumped chromatin granules; coarse and clumped chromatin clumped chromatin
 Cytoplasm: abundant; pink; abundant secondary granules  Cytoplasm: abundant; pink; (+) large orange granules (eosinophilic)  Cytoplasm: abundant; pale blue; (+) black-blue granules
 N/C Ratio: 1:3  N/C Ratio: 1:3  N/C Ratio: 1:3
 BM (%): 10-30  BM (%): 0-3  BM (%): 0-1
MONOPOIESIS

Monoblast Promonocyte Monocyte

 Size: 12 – 20 um  Size: 14 – 18 um  Size: 12 – 20 um
 Nucleus: round to oval with slight indentation centrally located; pale blue to  Nucleus: large indentation, folding more distinct, centrally located; pale  Nucleus: increased folding, often horseshoe; blue-purple; moderately
red purple; fine and lacy chromatin; 0 – 3 nucleoli red purple; slightly clumped chromatin; 0 – 2 nucleoli clumped chromatin; (-) nucleoli
 Cytoplasm: moderate amount with regular border; basophilic &  Cytoplasm: moderate amount with pseudopod at border; gray-blue  Cytoplasm: abundant, equally proportioned around nucleus; pale gray-blue;
homogeneous; (-) granules opaque; with or w/o fine red dustlike particles (+) fine red dust-like particles & vacuoles
 N/C Ratio: 4-6:1  N/C Ratio: 4-3:1  N/C Ratio: 4-2:1
 BM (%): 0-3  BM (%): 0-3  BM (%): 0-3
LYMPHOPOIESIS

Lymphoblast Prolymphocyte Lymphocyte

- Size: 10 – 20 um - Size: 9 – 18 um - Size: 7 – 10 um
- Nucleus: round or oval with definite nuclear membrane; - Nucleus: ovoid, round or slightly indented; - Nucleus: round to oval with slight indentation;
blue-purple; chromatin not as fine as myeloblast; 0 – 3 nucleoli blue-purple to red-purple; clumped and coarse blue-purple; coarse and clumpy chromatin;
- Cytoplasm: scant; moderately basophilic, chromatin; o – 1 less distinct nucleoli (-) nucleoli
lighter near nucleus and darker at periphery; - Cytoplasm: moderate; clear basophilic; (-) - Cytoplasm: scant; moderate to dark blue;
(-)granules granules granulation usually absent, occasional azurophilic granules
- N/C Ratio: 4:1 - N/C Ratio: 4:1 - N/C Ratio: 4:1
- BM (%): 0-2 - BM (%): 0-1 - BM (%): 5-15
MEGAKARYOPOIESIS

Megakaryoblast Promegakaryocyte Granular Megakaryocyte Mature Megakaryocyte Platelet