I. USING 4 or 0: GENERIC NOUNS sinoutar | (a) A banana is yellow.* {A speaker uses generic nouns to make generalizations. count ‘A generic noun represents @ whole class of things; it is NOUN not a specific, real, concrete thing, but rather a symbol of a whole group. PLunat | (b) @ Bananas are yellow. In () and (b): The speaker is talking about any cour banana, all bananas, bananas in general. In (c): The Noun speaker is talking about any and all fruit, fut in general. Noncounr | (c) @ Fruit is good for you. Notice that no article (®) is used to make NOUN generalizations with plural count nouns, as in (b), and with noncount nouns, as in (c) Il. USING A or SOME: INDEFINITE NOUNS stugutar | (d) Tate a banana, Indefinite nouns are actual things (not symbols), but count they are not specifically identified. NOUN | In (@): The speaker is not referring to “this banana” or “that banana” of “the banana you gave me.” The Pee | fe) bake ror bam speaker is simply saying that shhe ate one banana. The count listener does not know nor need to know which specific NOUN’ ‘banana was eaten; it was simply one banana out of that NONCOUNT | (F) Late some fruit ‘hole group of things in this world called bananas. NOUN In (€) and (f): Some is often used with indefinite plural count nouns and indefinite noncount nouns. In addition 10 some, a speaker might use 1w0, a few, several, a lot of, eu, with plural count nouns, oF a little, a Tot of, et, with noncount nouns. (See Chart 7-4, p. 107.) Ill. USING THE: DEFINITE NOUNS SINGULAR | (g) Thank you for the banana. A noun is definite when both the speaker and the ‘couNT listener are thinking about the same specific thing. NOUN In (g): The speaker uses the because the listener knows which specific banana the speaker is taking about, ie., that particular banana which the listener gave to the puurat —_| (h) Thank you for the bananas. count ty on speaker. ‘Notice that the is used with both singular and plural NoNCOUNT | (i) Thank you for the fruit ‘count nouns and with noncount nouns. NOUN “Usually alam is used with @ singular generic count noun. Examples: ‘A window is made of plas. A doctor heals sck people. Parents must give @ child low. A box has sx sides. An apple can be ed gren, or yells However, the is sometimes used with a singular generic count noun (nota plural generic coumt noun, not a generic rnoncount noun). “Generic the” i commonly used with, in particular: (A) species of animals: The blue eahale is che largest mammal on earth. The elephant is the largest and mammal. (@) inventions: Who invented the telephone? the wheel? the refrigerator? the airplane? The computer wil play an increasingly large roe in al of our lives, (@) musical instruments: 11 ike to earn wo play the piano. Do ou play the guitar? 112 CHAPTER 7Cl EXERCISE 12. Article usage with generic nouns. (Chart 7-7) Directions: Add a/an if necessary. Write in the blank if the noun is noncount. Capitalize as appropriate. 1, _A__ bird has wings. 17. _____ tennis player has to practice 2, AX animal needs a regular supply long hours. of food. 18. ____ tree needs water to survive. 3. 2 Fpodis a necessity of life. 19. ____ water is composed of oxygen 4, concert is a musical and hydrogen. performance. 20. homework is a necessary part of 5. opera is a musical play. 8 course of study. 6. _____ music consists of a series of 21. ___ grammar is interesting and fun. pleasant sounds. 22, ____ sentence usually contains a 7. cup is a small container used ‘subject and a verb. for liquids, 23. ___ English is used in airports 8. ____milleis nutritious throughout much of the world. 9. _____ island is a piece of land 24. —___ air is free, surrounded by water. 25. _____ orange is green until it ripens. 10. gold is a metal. 26. fruit is good for you. 11, —__ bridge is a structure that 27. ___ iron is a metal. spans a river. 28, ____ iron is an instrument used 12, valley is an area of low land to take wrinkles between two mountains, out of cloth 13, health is one of the most fabric. important things in life. 14, adjective is a word that modifies a noun. 15, knoroledge is a source of power. 99, baskesball is round. 16. tennis is a sport. 30. basketball is a sport. CO EXERCISE 13. Article usage with indefinite nouns. (Chart 7-7) Directions: Add alan or some to these sentences. 1, The teacher made ___@4_ announcement. 2. Isaw __a@ bird. 3, [saw __some __ birds. 4, Rosa borrowed ___S@me__ money from her uncle. 5. Thad __ accident. 6. Thave____ homework to do tonight. 7. There is____ table in the room. Nouns 1138. There is ______ furniture in the room. 9. There are _____ chairs in the room. 10, My father gave me _____ advice. 11, Sonya is carrying suitcase. 12. Sonya is carrying _____ luggage. 13. There was _____ earthquake in California. 14, Tgot ___ letters in the mail. 15, Helen got____letter from her mother. 16. Jerry got _____ mail yesterday. 17. A computer is ______ machine that can solve problems. 18. The factory bought ____ new machinery. 19, _____ machines are powered by electricity. Some use other sources of energy. 20. I threw away junk. 21, I threw away _____ old basket that was falling apart. 22, threw away old boots that had holes in them. Cl EXERCISE 14. Count and noncount nouns. (Charts 7-4 > 7-7) Directions: A favorite game for adults and children alike is called “My Grandfather's Store.” It is played with a group of people. Each person begins his/her turn by saying “I went to my grandfather’s store and bought . ...” The first person names something that begins with the letter “A.” The second person repeats what the first person said, and then names something that begins with the letter “B.” The game continues to the letter “Z,” the end of the alphabet. The people in the group have to listen carefully and remember all the items previously named. went to my grandfather's store and bought an apple. went 19 my grandfather’s store and bought an apple and some bread. went to my grandfather's store and bought an apple, some bread, and a camel. 4th person: I went to my grandfather's store and bought an apple, some bread, a camel, and some dark socks. Sth person: Etc Assume that “grandfather's store” sells just about anything anyone would ever think of, Pay special attention to the use of a, an, and some. Alternative beginnings: Tomorrow I'm going to (name of a place). In my suitcase, I will pack .... If I lived on a deserted island, I would need... V4 CHAPTER 7(@) The sunis bright today. Please hand this book to the teacher. Please open the door. Omar is in the kitchen. GUIDELINE: Use the when you know or assume that your listener is familiar with and thinking about the same specific thing or person you are talking about. (b) Yesterday I saw some dogs. The dogs were chasing a cat. The cat was chasing a mouse. The mouse ran into a hole. The hole was very small GUIDELINE: Use the for the second mention of an indefinite noun.* In (b): first mention = some dogs, a cat, a mouse, a hole; second mention = the dogs, the at, the mouse, the hole. (© CORRECT: Apples are my favorite fruit. INCORRECT: The apples are my favorite fruit. (@ connect: Gold is a metal. incorrect: The gold is a metal. GUIDELINE: Do NOT use the with a plural count noun (¢.g., apples) or a noncount noun (e.g., £0/d) ‘when you are making a generalization. (© coRRECT: (1) I drove a car. (2) I drove the car. (3) I drove that car. (A) I drove Jim's car. inconascr: I drove car GUIDELINE: A singular count noun (¢.g. car) is preceded by a marker: (@) @ or an (or another singular marker such as ‘one, each, or every); (2) the; (3) this or that; (4) a possessive (e.g. my Jimn’s) *The is not used for the second mention of a generic noun. COMPARE: (1) What color is @ banana (generic noun)? A banana (generic noun) it yellow (2) Joe offered me a banana (indefinite noun) or an apple. I chose the banana (definite noun). CO EXERCISE 15. Article usage. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Directions: In these dialogues, decide whether the speakers would probably use a/an or the. 1. A: Thave a" idea. Let’s go on __a&__ picnic Saturday. B: Okay. 2. A: Did you have fun at the _ picnic yesterday? B: Sure did. And you? 3. A: You'd better have good reason for being late! B: Ido. 4, A: Did you think reason Mike gave for being late was believable? B: Not really. 5. A: Where’s my blue shirt? B: It’s in washing machine. ‘A: That’s okay. I can wear different shirt, 6. A: I wish we had washing machine. B: So dol. It would make it a lot easier to do our laundry. 7. A: Can you repair my car for me? B: What's wrong with it? AD radiator has doesn’t work. B: Can you show me where leak, and one of windshield wipers leak is? Nouns 1158. A: What happened to your bicycle? Tran into in the street, Did you damage A little. ‘What did you do? left note for What did you write on ‘My name and address. I also wrote front wheel is bent. parked car when I swerved to avoid we big pothole car? owner of car. note? apology. Have you seen my boots? They're in closet in Pe BPP oP front hallway. CO EXERCISE 16. Article usage. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Directions: Complete the sentences with a/an, the, or @. Capitalize as appropriate. 1 6 Betis a kind of _@_ meat. 2, “The _ beef we had for dinner last night was excellent. 3. Jim is wearing _____ straw hat today. 4, Jim likes to wear hats. 5. hat is article of clothing. 6. hats are articles of clothing. 7. brown hat on that hook over there belongs to Mark. 8, Everyone has problems in life, 9. My grandfather had long life. 10. That book is about life of Helen Keller. 11. Tommy wants to be ___ engineer when he grows up. 12. The Brooklyn Bridge was designed by engineer. 13. John Roebling is name of engineer who designed the Brooklyn Bridge. He died in 1869 from infection before bridge was completed. 14. people wear jewelry to make themselves more attractive. 15, jewelry Diana is wearing today is beautiful, 116 Harter 7CO EXERCISE 17. Article usage. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) Directions: Complete the sentences with a/an, the, ot @. 1, We need to get new phone. 2. Alex, would you please answer 3. phone? people use plants in many different ways. Plants supply us with oxygen. They are a source of products to build lifesaving medicines. We use plant houses and to make paper and textiles. 4. When you look at sandy shore, it might seem practically empty of animals. This appearance is deceptive, however. Beneath is full of surface, the sand life. It is teeming with crabs, other kinds of shrimp, worms, snails, and marine animals. 5. Our children enjoyed going to the beach yesterday. When they dug in they found various kinds of Johnny. sand, animals. Susie found crab, and so did crab Johnny found pinched him, which made him cry. But he had good time at beach anyway. 6. The biggest bird in the world is the ostrich. It eats just about anything it can reach, including stones, glass, and keys. It can kill person with one kick. 7, Do you ever gaze into space and wonder if other life forms exist in universe? ‘most mirrors are made from glass to which silver or aluminum has been applied. thin layer of Nouns 1179. In recent newspaper article, I read about Australian swimmer who shark by swimmer, was saved from group of dolphins. When shark attacked dolphins chased it away. They saved swimmer’s life. 10, I heard on the radio that there is captivity. Dolphins that are free in dolphins live commit evidence that dolphins suffer in nature live around 40 years, Captive average of 12 years. It is believed that some captive dolphins suicide. re phonograph records have become old-fashioned. They have been supplanted by 12, Look. There's compact discs, which are commonly referred to as CDs. fly walking on ceiling. It’s upside down. Do you suppose ‘ly was flying rightside up and flipped over at the last second, or was ceiling? it flying upside down when it landed on 1 EXERCISE 18. Preview: expressions of quantity. (Chart 7-9) Directions: Before you look at the next chart, try this exercise. Draw a line through the expressions that CANNOT be used to complete the sentence correctly. Example: bought _____ furniture. a. some b. acouple-of c. eeveral 4. too much ©. tomany 1, Ireceived ____ letters. 2, I received ____ mail. a. two a. two b. acouple of b. acouple of c. both ¢. both d. several 4. several €. some e. some £. alotof £ alot of g. plenty of 8. plenty of h. too many h. too many i, too much i. too much j. afew j. afew k. a litle k. a little 1. anumber of L anumber of m, a great deal of m., a great deal of n, hardly any n. hardly any ono ono 118 CHAPTER 7EXPRESSIONS OF | USED WITH COUNT NOUNS | USED WITH NONCOUNT | An expression of quantity QuaNTITY NOUNS may precede @ noun, Some expressions of quantity are (@) one ‘one apple o ‘used only with count nouns, each ‘each apple o as in (a) and (6). every every apple ° () so, ete ‘evo apples ° both both apples ° a couple of a couple of apples ° afew a few apples o several apples @ ‘many many apples ° a number of @ number of apples © a line ° alittle rice ‘Some are used only with ‘much ° much rice noncount nouns as in (c). a great deal of ° @ great deal of rice @ wo no apples no rice ‘Some are used with both somelany somelany apples somelany rice count and noncount nouns, alotoflios of | a tot ofllots of apples @ lot ofilots of rice asin (2. plenty of plenty of apples Plenty of rice most ‘most apples most rice all all apples alt rice *O = not used. For example, you can say “Y ate one apple” but NOT “I ate one rice” C1 EXERCISE 19. Expressions of quantity. (Chart 7-9) Directions: Draw a line through the expressions that CANNOT be used to complete the sentence correctly. Item 1 has been started for you. homework. 2. Isabel has 1, Jake has a. three b. several . some d. a lot of €. too much £ too many g. afew h, a little i. a number of j. a great deal of k, hardly any L no a. b. Promo ae pro assignments. three several some alot of 100 much too many afew alittle a number of a great deal of hardly any no Nouns 119CO EXERCISE 20. MUCH vs. MANY. (Chart 7-9) Directions: Write much or many. Also write the plural form of the italicized nouns as necessary. In some sentences, you will need to choose the correct verb in parentheses. cities 1. Thaven’t visited __wowy _ eity in the United States. 2. There (isn’varen’t) ___isw’t __ __vauch __ money in my bank account. 3. Ihaven’t gotten _____ maif lately. 4, don’t get____ letter. 5. There (isn’varen’t) _________. __________ hotel in my hometown. 6. There (is/are) ______ too ___ furniture in Anna’s living room. 7. There (jsn’v/aren’t) traffic today. 8. There (isn’v/aren’t) __________ _______car on the road today. 9. I can’t go with you because I have too _________ work to do. 10. A: How ___ side does a pentagon have? B: Five. 120. CHAPTER 71. 12, 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. T couldn't find How Thaven’t met How I think there (is/are) I don’t have ‘The doctor has so hours a day. A: How B: Thirty-two. ‘There (isn’varen’t) the local paper. How How How information in that book. homework did the teacher assign? ‘people since I came here. postage does this letter need? too__ violence on television. patience with incompetence. patient that she has to work at least twelve tooth does the average person have? international news in fish (is/are) ________ there in the ocean? continent (is/are) there in the world? progress has your country made in improving the quality of medical care available to the average citizen? Ci EXERCISE 21. Expressions of quantity. (Chart 7-9) Directions: If the given noun can be used to complete the sentence, write it in its correct form (singular or plural). If the given noun cannot be used to complete the sentence, write @. 1. Helen bought several ... 3. Sam bought a lot of .... lamp = _lowps_ stamp ——Stames furniuure —__@ rice ——vice __ jewelry ___@ stuff ——_stwhP necklace __necklaces _ thing —__things . Jack bought too much... . 4, Alice bought a couple of... . shoe gf bread salt ——salt__ loaf of bread equipment __e@auipment honey tool ——_4___ Jar of honey Nouns 1215. Tread a few . 6, [bought some . orange juice light bulb hardeoare computer software 7. We need plenty of... sleep information fact help 8. Isaw both... woman movie scene scenery Cl EXERCISE 22. Expressions of quantity. (Chart 7-9) 10. 1. 12, . Nick has a number of shirt homework pen chalk Idon't have a great deal of .... patience wealth friend pencil Ineed alittle... luck money advice new hat The author has many idea theory Iypothesis knowledge Directions: Use many or much* with the following words, changing the words to plural if necessary. Pronounce final -s/-es loudly and clearly. The cuer’s book is open. The responder’s book is closed. If you use this exercise in pairwork, switch roles after Item 14. Examples: sentence > many sentences water much water thief + many thieves 1. furniture 8. piece 2. desk 9. mouse 3. branch 10. advice 4, equipment 11. sheep 5. machinery 12. homework 6. machine 13. prize 7. woman 14. goose 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 21. music 22. hypothesis, progress 23. mail race 24. office knowledge 25. slang marriage 26. roof information 27. shelf luck 28, tooth *You may want to practice some of these words in sentences. Much is usually not used in affirmative sentences; instead, a lot of or a great deal of is frequently used. Much is used primarily in negative sentences and questions. 122 CHAPTER 7(@) She has been here only two weeks, but she has already made a few friends. (Positive idea: She has made some friends.) (b) I’m very pleased. I've been able to save a little ‘money this month, (Positive idea: I have saved some money instead of spending all of it.) line A few and a little* give a positive idea; they indicate that something exist, is present, as in @) and (b).. few | (©) [feel sorry for her. She has (very) few friends. (Negative idea: She does not have many friends; she ‘has almost no friends.) ale | (A) Thave (very) little money. I don’t even have ‘enough money to buy food for dinner. Few and litte (without a) give a negative idea; they indicate that something is largely absent. Very (+ fewilittle) makes the negative stronger, the number/amount smaller. (Negative idea: I do not have much money; I have ‘almost no money.) **A few and few are used with plural count nouns. A little and fittle are used with noncount nouns. Cl EXERCISE 23. Using A FEW and FEW; A LITTLE and LITTLE. (Chart 7-10) Directions: Without substantially changing the meaning of the sentence, replace the italicized words with a fow, (very) few, a little, or (very) little. a litte 1. I think that some lemon juice on fish makes it taste better. very) Few 2. Many people are multilingual, but not-many people speak more than ten languages. 3. Some sunshine is better than none. 4, January is a cold and dreary month in the northern states. There is not much sunshine during that month. 5. My parents like to watch TV. Every evening they watch tx or three programs on TV before they go to bed. 6. I don’t watch TV very much because there are hardly any television programs that I enjoy. 7. Ifa door squeaks, several drops of oil in the right places can prevent future trouble. 8. If your door squeaks, put some oil on the hinges. 9. Mr, Adams doesn’ like to wear rings on his fingers. He wears almost no jewelry. Nouns 123Cl EXERCISE 24. Using A FEW and FEW; A LITTLE and LITTLE. (Chart 7-10) Directions: Complete the sentences with a few, (very) few, a little, or (very) little. 1, Do you have afew minutes? I'd like to ask you a few questions. Ineed ____alitHe _ more information. 2. Diana’s previous employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes ——very few __ mistakes in her work. 3. After Steve tasted the soup, he added ____salt to it. 4, I don’t like a lot of salt on my food, Tadd _______ salt to my food. 5. I like music. I like to listen to _______ music after dinner before I begin studying. 6. Driving downtown to the stadium for the baseball game was easy. We got there quickly because there was ___ traffic. 7. Jim is having a lot of trouble adjusting to eighth grade. He seems to be unpopular. Unfortunately, he has ____ friends. 8. We’re looking forward to our vacation. We're planning to spend days with my folks and then days with my husband’s folks. After that, we're going to go to a fishing resort in Canada, 9. A: Are you finished? B: Not yet. Ineed ___ more minutes. 10. A: Are you finished? B: Notyet. Ineed ___ more time. 11 Twas hungry, so J ate ____ nuts. 12. Because the family is very poor, the children have — toys. 13, Into each life, ____ rain must fall. (a saying) 14, Natasha likes sweet tea. She usually adds —— honey to her tea. Sometimes she adds _________ milk, too. 15, Has anyone ever called you on the phone and tried to sell you something you didn’t want? Ihave_________ patience with people who interrupt my dinner to try to sell me a magazine. 16, He’s a lucky little boy. Because his parents have taken good care of him, he has had problems in his young life. 124 CHAPTER 7(a) CoRRECT: A lot of books are paperbacks. (b) coRRECT: A lot of my books are paperbacks. (©) INCORRECT: A lor books are paperbacks. ‘Some expressions of quantity (such as a Jot of) always contain of, as in (a) and (b). See GROUP ONE below. (@) correct: Many of my books are paperbacks. (©) mcorrect: Many my books are paperbacks. (f) correct: Many books ate paperbacks. (@) INconREcT: Many of books are paperbacks. ‘Sometimes of is used with an expression of quantity, as in @), and sometimes of is NoT used with the same expression of quantity, as in (f). See GROUP TWO below. a lot of lous of a number of a majority of a great deal of plenty of (GROUP ONE: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY THAT ALWAYS CONTAIN OF alt (of) many (of) one (a) most (of) much (op) 00 (0) almost all (of) =a few (0f) three (of) allinte (0) etc. GROUP TWO: EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY THAT SOMETIMES CONTAIN OF AND SOMETIMES NOT both (op) several (0f) some (of) any (of) (h) Many of my books are in English. G@) Many of those books are in English. (G) Many of the books on that shelf are in English. Of's used with the expressions of quantity in GROUP TWO. when the noun is specific. A noun is specific when itis preceded by: 1, ‘my, John’s (or any possessive), as in (h). 2. this, that, these, or those, asin (i). 3. the, as in G) (&) Many books are in English. Of's wor used with the expressions of quantity in GROUP ‘Two if the noun it modifies is nonspecific. In (K): The noun, ‘books is nonspecific; ie. the speaker is not referring to “‘your books” or “these books” or “the books on that desk.” ‘The speaker is not referring to specific books, but to books in general. Cl EXERCISE 25. Using OF in expressions of quantity. (Chart 7-11) Directions: Add of if necessary. Write @ if of is not necessary. 1. I know several oF Jack’s friends. 2, P've made several _@_ friends lately. 3. Some students are lazy. Most students are hard-working. 4, Some ___ the students in Mrs. Gray’s class are a little lazy. 5, Most ___ books have an index. 6. Most ___ Ali's books are written in Arabic. 7. [bought a few ___ books yesterday. 8. I’ve read a few ____ those books. 9. I'm new here. I don’t know many ___ people yet. Nouns 12510. P've just moved into a new apartment, I don’t know many ___ my neighbors yet. 11. Have you taken any ___ trips lately? 12. Sam hasn’t met any ____ the students in the other class. 13. T usually get a lot ___ mail. 14. Alot the mail I get is junk mail. 15. Our class has 30 students. Mr. Freeman’s class has 25 students. Ms. North’s class has 20 students. Of the three classes, our class has the most students.* 16. Most ___ the students in our class are very smart.* 17. Out of all the students, Ali usually asks the most questions during class. Most —— his questions are about grammar. 18, Most ___ people need six to eight hours of sleep every night. 19. Most ___ the people in this class always hand in their assignments on time. 20. China has the most Ps (@) CORRECT: All of the students in my class are here. (b) connect: AU the students in my class are here. (©) correct: AH students must have an LD. card. (@) INCORRECT: All of students must have an LD. card. [LL (OF) AND BOTH (OF people of any country in the world. When a noun is specific (¢.g., the students), using of afer aif is optional as in (a) and (b). ‘When a noun is nonspecific, af does Nor follow all, as, in@. (©) know both (of) those men. (£) connect: I know both men. (g) INCORRECT: I know both of men. Similarly, using of after both is optional when the noun is specific, as in (e). ‘When a noun is nonspecific, af does Nor follow both, as in (6), CO EXERCISE 26. ALL (OF) and BOTH (OF). (Chart 7-12) Directions: Of is not necessary in any of these sentences. In the sentences in which the use of of is optional, write (of) in the blanks. If of is not possible because the noun is nonspecific, write @. 1, All (8) the children listened to the story. 2, Almost all _@ children like fairy tales. (1) The most = superlative. The superlative is used to compare three or more persons or things. The most is never immediately followed by of. Exampl : Out ofall the boys, Tom ate the most food. (2) Most (not preceded by the) = an expression of quantity whose meaning ranges from “over fifty percent” to “almost all.” Example: Most af the food at that restaurant i good, but mot all of it. 126 CHAPTER 79. 10. . Almost all ____ students study hard for exams. . All ___ birds have wings, but not all . [have two brothers. Both ___ my brothers . Do you know all . Both ___ those books are mine, T bought two books. Both books were expensive. birds can fly, Both ___ the birds in the picture are incapable of flight. are in school. ‘emu iwi the people in your biology class? All ___ the students in my class are studying English. Not all people are friendly, but most ____ people have kind hearts. Cl EXERCISE 27. Using OF in expressions of quantity. (Charts 7-11 and 7-12) Directions: Add of and/or write @. 1. 2. 3. Some __@ fish are surface feeders. Others are bottom feeders. Some __o __ the fish we caught were too small to keep. Almost all of oR 8 the fish in Jennifer’s aquarium died. She finally had to admit that she didn’t know much about taking care of tropical fish. . [bought several ___ books at the used book sale. Several ____ my friends and I have volunteered to clean up the litter left on the school grounds by thoughtless students. . The airline was crippled by a strike last month, but now it’s over. All____ the pilots were happy to get back to work after the strike. . Most people have a little trouble using the currency in a foreign country fora few ___ days after they first arrive. . There’s nothing I like better than a good book, but I haven’t done much reading for pleasure lately. Most ___ the reading I do is related to my work. |. It’s important for young people to have goals in their lives. My mother always told me that any ____ dream is worth pursuing if I know in my heart it is what J want to do. Few _____ people have made great accomplishments in life without first having a dream—a personal, inner vision of what is possible. Nouns 12710, Square dancing is a traditional folk dance in the United States. We all had a lot fun learning to square dance at the party. Many the people at the party had never done any square dancing before. 11, When my parents were young, they had little ____ opportunity to travel. 12. A few ____ children are given their first watch by the time they are six years old. However, most these children cannot tell time correctly. (a) One student was late to class. (b) Each student has a schedule. (©) Every student has a schedule One, each, and every ate followed immediately by singular count nouns (never plural nouns, never noncount nouns). (@) One of the students was late to class. (©) Each (one) of the students has a schedule. (£) Bvery one of the students has a schedule. ‘One of, each of, and every one of are followed by specific plural count nouns (never singular nouns; never noncount nouns). “COMPARE: Every one (ewo words) is an expression of quantity eg., 1 have read every one of thse books. Everyone (one word) is an indefinite pronoun; it has the same meaning as everybody; e.g, BveryonelEverybody has a schedule Nore: Each and every have essentially the same meaning Each is used when the speaker is thinking of one person/thing at at : Bach student has a schedule, = Mary has a schedule, Hiroshi has a schedule. Carlos has a schedule, Sabrina has a sched. (et,) Every is used when the speaker means “all”: Every student has a schedule. ofthe students have schedules. Cl EXERCISE 28. Using ONE, EACH, and EVERY. (Chart 7-13) Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form, singular or plural, of the noun in parentheses. 1, There is only one ___giv) __ on the sixth-grade soccer team. (girl) 2. Only one of the 3, Each of the 4, Mr, Hoover gave a present to each 5. We invited every 6. Every one of the 128 CHAPTER 7 in the sixth grade is on the soccer team. (girl) got a present. (child) . (child) of the club. (member) —_____ came. (member)