Communication System Lab 1

211010252
Umesh sinha
Branch : electronics and communication

Q1. Generate continuous step signals of duration 0 to 10 sec ?

clc;
close
all;
% continous time form 0s to
10s t = (0:10);
% continous signal y = 1 for
0<=t<=10 y = 1 + 0*t;
% plotting y vs
t plot(t,y);
% plot
properties
xlim([-1,11]);
ylim([0,1.5]);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title("Unit Step
Signal");
(2) Generate triangular signals of duration -5 to +5 sec of
unit peak amplitude.
clc;
close
all;
t1 = (-5:0.1:0);
t2 = (0:0.1:5);
% y = mx + c
% y = (1/5)t + 1 for -5<=t<=0
% y = -(1/5)t + 1 for
0<=t<=5 y1 = 0.2*t1 + 1;
y2 = -t2*0.2 + 1;
% t = [-5,0] U
[0,5] t = [t1,t2];
% y = y1 U
y2 y =
[y1,y2];
plot(t,y);
% plot
properties
ylim([0,1.5]);
xlim([-6,6]);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title("Triangular signal with peak of
1"); OUTPUT
(3) Generate rectangular pulse of duration -3 to +6 sec of
unit magnitude using step signals.
CODE :
clc;
close
all;
t=-3:0.001:6;
y=ones(1,9001);
plot(t,y); hold on;
stem(-3,1,'color',[0 0.3 0.8]); hold on;
stem(6,1,'color',[0 0.3 0.8]);
% plot properties
ylim([0,1.5]); xlim([-5,8]);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title("Rectangular
Signal"); OUTPUT

(4) Plot cosine signal multiplied with exponentially

decay signal.
CODE :
clc;
close
all;
% time 0<=t<=5
t = (0:0.025:5);
% y = cos(2πt).e^(-t) =
cos(2πt)/e^(t) y = cos(2*pi*t) .*
exp(-t); plot(t,y);
% plot
properties
xlim([-1,6]);
ylim([-1,1.5]);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
ch = sym('e t');
title("Signal y =
cos(t)/e^t") OUTPUT

(5) Plot convolution of step signal with ramp signal

of duration 10 sec.
CODE :
clc;
t = (0:1:9);
% y1 = unit step
signal y1 =
ones(1,10);
% y2 = ramp
signal y2 = t;
% y = convolution of y1 and
y2 y = conv(y1,y2);
% plot
figure;
subplot(3,1,1)
plot(y1);
title("Unit Step
Signal"); subplot(3,1,2);
plot(y2);
title("Ramp
Signal");
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(y);
xlim([0,20]);
ylim([0,50]);
title("Convolution of Unit Step And Ramp
Signal") OUTPUT

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM LAB2

1. Generate modulated and demodulated plots
of AM with modulation index
(kaAm) of 1 (Critical Modulated) and 1.5 (Over
Modulated).

clc;
fs=10000; % sampling frequency = 10kHz
fm=20; % message signal frequency = 20Hz
fc=500; % carrier signal frequency = 0.5Khz
Am=1; % message signal amplitude = 1
Ac=1; % carrier signal
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs; m=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
% message signal c=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
% carrier signal
ka=1; % amplitude sensitivity of modulator
u=ka*Am; % modulation index
s1=Ac*(1+u*cos(2*pi*fm*t)).*cos(2*pi*fc*t); % modulated signal
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
title('Modulating or Message signal(fm=20Hz)');
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,c);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Carrier signal(fc=500Hz)');
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,s1);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Critical Modulated signal(ka.Am=1)');
% demodulating the received signal
r1= s1.*c;
[b, a] = butter(2,0.01,'low');
mr1= filter(b,a,r1);
mr1a=sqrt(mr1.*mr1); % demodulated signal
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,mr1a);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Demodulated Signal(ka.Am=1)');

FOR OVERMODULATED SIGNAL

% 1.5 (Over Modulated)

clc;
fs=10000; % sampling frequency = 10kHz
fm=20; % message signal frequency = 20Hz
fc=500; % carrier signal frequency = 0.5Khz
Am=1; % message signal amplitude = 1
Ac=1; % carrier signal
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs; m=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
% message signal c=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
% carrier signal
ka=1.5; % amplitude sensitivity of modulator
u=ka*Am; % modulation index
s1=Ac*(1+u*cos(2*pi*fm*t)).*cos(2*pi*fc*t); % modulated signal
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
title('Modulating or Message signal(fm=20Hz)');
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,c);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Carrier signal(fc=500Hz)');
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,s1);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Over Modulated signal(ka.Am=1.5)');
% demodulating the received signal
r1= s1.*c;
[b, a] = butter(2,0.01,'low');
mr1= filter(b,a,r1);
mr1a=sqrt(mr1.*mr1); % demodulated signal
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,mr1a);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Demodulated Signal(ka.Am=1.5)');

2. Generate demodulated signal for DSBSC.

clc;
fs=8000;
fm=20;
fc=500;
Am=1;
Ac=1;
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs;
m=Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
c=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Original Signal');
s2=Ac*Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t).*cos(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,s2);
xlabel("Time"); ylabel("Amplitude");
title('DSBSC Modulated Signal');
% multpling modulated signal with carrier having same frequency and phase.
ModProduct = c.*s2;
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,ModProduct);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Multpling modulated signal with carrier having same frequency and
phase.');
%filter design
[bb,aa] = butter(2,0.01,'low');
sqrObt = 2.*filter(bb,aa,ModProduct);
% multipling 2 because obtained signal is (Ac^2/2)*cos(phi)*m(t) Obtsgn =
sqrt(sqrObt.*sqrObt);
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,sqrObt);
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
title('Demodulating and getting back Original Signal');
Lab 3 Assignment Solution Report

1. Generate modulated and demodulated plots of USB SSB

for two added message signals of unit magnitude and
frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz (where fc=500 Hz)
clc;
fs = 8000;
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs;
fm1=50; fm2=100;
msignal1= sin(2*pi*fm1*t);
msignal2= sin(2*pi*fm2*t);
m = msignal2+msignal1;
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
title("Message Signal with m1+m2 (sine waves with freq 50 & 100 Hz)");
xlabel("Time"); ylabel("Amplitude");
initialPhase = 0;
fc = 500;
carr = cos(2*pi*fc*t);
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,carr);
title("carrier with frequency 500Hz");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
upperSidebandSignal=ssbmod(m,fc,fs,initialPhase,'upper');
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,upperSidebandSignal);
title("USB SSB Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time"); ylabel("Amplitude");
demodsignal=ssbdemod(upperSidebandSignal,fc,fs);
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,demodsignal);
title("Demodulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");

2. Generate VSB modulated signal for message signal

of frequency 50 Hz with carrier signal of frequency 500
Hz.
clc;
fs = 4000;
t=(0:0.1*fs)/fs;
fm=50; % frequency of the message signal
signal=sin(2*pi*fm*t); % Message signal
fc = 500;
initialPhase = 0;
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t,signal);
title("Message Signal with fm=50 HZ");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
c=cos(2*pi*fc*t); % carrier signal
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t,c);
title("Carrier Signal with fc=500 HZ");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
product=signal.*c; % DSB-SC Signal
ld=length(product);
f=linspace(-fs/2,fs/2,ld);
DSB_SC=fftshift(fft(product,ld)/ld); % DSB-SC in frequency domain
lf=fc-(0.25*fm);
uf=fc+fm;
filtered_signal=bandpass(DSB_SC, [lf uf], fs);
vsbModSignal=ifft(filtered_signal);
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(t,filtered_signal);
title("VSB-SC Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
3. Compare DSB-SC, AM, SSB and VSB in a single figure for
the inputs given in Task 1.
CODE :
clc;
fs = 4000;
t=(0:0.1*fs)/fs;
fm1=100; % frequency of first message signal
fm2=50; % frequency of second message signal
signal1 = sin(2*pi*fm1*t); % Message signal 1
signal2 = sin(2*pi*fm2*t); % Message signal 2
result_signal = signal1+signal2;
fc = 500;
initialPhase = 0;
subplot(3,2,1);
plot(t,result_signal);
title("Message Signal 50Hz+100Hz");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
c=cos(2*pi*fc*t); % carrier signal
subplot(3,2,2);
plot(t,c);
title("Carrier Signal with fc=500 HZ");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
% DSB-SC Modulation
dsbsc = result_signal.*c;
subplot(3,2,3);
plot(t,dsbsc);
title("DSB-SC Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
% AM Modulation
mi=1; % Modulation index
am=c.*(1+(mi*result_signal));
subplot(3,2,4);
plot(t,am);
title("AM Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
% USBSSB-SC Modulation
upperSidebandSignal=ssbmod(result_signal,fc,fs,initialPhase,'upper');
subplot(3,2,5);
plot(t,upperSidebandSignal);
title("USB SSB Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
% VSB-SC Modulation
ld=length(dsbsc);
f=linspace(-fs/2,fs/2,ld);
DSB_SC=fftshift(fft(dsbsc,ld)/ld); % DSB-SC in frequency domain
% bandpass Filter Frequencies
lf=fc-(0.25*fm);
uf=fc+fm;
filtered_signal=bandpass(DSB_SC, [lf uf], fs);
%vsbModSignal=ifft(filtered_signal);
subplot(3,2,6);
plot(t,filtered_signal);
title("VSB-SC Modulated Signal");
xlabel("Time");
ylabel("Amplitude");
 Lab 4 communication System
211010252

1. Generate the message signal from the FM modulated signal.

clc;
clear;
fs = 8000;
fm=10;
fc = 200;
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs;
Am = 1;
Ac = 1;
kf = 2;
% message signal
m = Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
title('Message Input Signal');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude')
% carrier signal
c = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t); subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,c); title('Carrier Signal'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude');
% FM signal n=cumsum(m)/max(cumsum(m));
s_fm = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+2*pi*kf*n); subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,s_fm);
title('Frequency Modulated Signal'); xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude')
% Demodulated FM signal
demod = fmdemod(s_fm, fc, 8000, max(cumsum(m))); subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,demod); title('Demodulated FM Signal'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude');
2. Generate the message signal from the PM modulated signal.

clc;
fs = 8000;
fm=10;
fc = 200;
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs;
Am = 1;
Ac = 1;
kp = 2;
% message signal
m = Am*cos(2*pi*fm*t);
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(t,m);
title('Message Signal');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Amplitude')
% carrier signal
c = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t); subplot(4,1,2);
plot(t,c); title('Carrier Signal'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude');
% PM signal
s_pm = Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t+m.*kp ); subplot(4,1,3);
plot(t,s_pm);
title('Phase Modulated Signal'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude')
% Demodulated PM signal
demod = pmdemod(s_pm, fc, fs, kp*Am); subplot(4,1,4);
plot(t,demod); title('Demodulated PM Signal'); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude');
3. Add the Noise in the channel, and then performed the demodulation in case of FM and PM.
clc;
clear;
fs = 8000;
fm = 10;
fc = 200;
t=(0:0.2*fs)/fs;
Am = 1;
Ac = 1;
kf = 100
kp =10
Wm =2*pi*fm;
m = Am*cos(Wm*t);
subplot(3,2,1);
plot(t,m);
title('Message Input Signal');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->')
Wc= 2*pi*fc;
c = Ac*cos(Wc*t);
subplot(3,2,2);
plot(t,c);
title('Carrier Signal');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->');
nMean = 0 ;
nSigma = 0.1 ;
n = nMean + nSigma*randn(size(t));
% Frequency Modulation
s_fm = Ac*cos(Wc*t+((2*pi*kf*Am)/Wm)*sin(Wm*t)) + n;
subplot(3,2,3);
plot(t,s_fm);
title('Frequency Modulated Signal With Noise');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->');
% Frequency Demodulation ;
s = Ac*(Wc +2*pi*kf*Am*cos(Wm*t)).*sin(Wc*t+((2*pi*kf*Am)/Wm)*sin(Wm*t)) +
n;
x = abs(hilbert(s));
y = x/(2*pi*kf) - 2 + n;
subplot(3,2,4) ;
plot(t,y + 0.4) ;
title('Frequency Demodulated Signal');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->');
% Phase Modulation
s_pm = Ac*cos(Wc*t+kp*Am.*cos(Wm*t)) + n;
subplot(3,2,5);
plot(t,s_pm);
title('Phase Modulated Signal With Noise');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->');
% Phase Demodulation
x = hilbert(s_pm);
z = unwrap(angle(x));
y = z - 2*pi*fc*t;
subplot(3,2,6) ;
 plot(t,y/kp + 1.25 + n) ;
ylim([-1 1]) ;
title('Phase Demodulated Signal');
xlabel('Time --->');
ylabel('Amplitude --->');

LAB 5 Communication System

1. Generate Sampled signal for a unit amplitude sinusoidal signal of frequency

20 Hz sampled with 10 times of Nyquist rate and quantize with 6 quantization
levels.
clc;
close all;
L=6;

n=400;
% Sampling Operation
x=0:2*pi/n:0.5*pi; % n1 number of samples have to be selected
Am=1;
s=Am*sin(20*x);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(s);grid on;
title('Analog Signal');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(s);grid on; title('Sampled Signal'); ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');

% Quantization Process
vmax=Am;
vmin=-vmax;
del=(vmax-vmin)/L;
part=vmin:del:vmax; % level are between vmin and vmax with difference of
del
code=vmin-(del/2):del:vmax+(del/2); % Contaion Quantized values
[ind,q]=quantiz(s,part,code); % Quantization process
% ind contain index number and q contain quantized values
l1=length(ind);
l2=length(q);
for i=1:l1
if(ind(i)~=0) % To make index as binary decimal so started from 0 to N
ind(i)=ind(i)-1;
end
i=i+1;
end
for i=1:l2
if(q(i)==vmin-(del/2)) % To make quantize value in between the levels
q(i)=vmin+(del/2);

end
 end
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(q);grid on; % Display the Quantize values
title('Quantized Signal');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');

Output:

2. Reconstruct the Original signal from the above output.

clc;
close all;
L = 6;
n = 400;
% Sampling Operation
x=0:2*pi/n:0.5*pi; % n1 number of samples have to be selected
Am = 1;
s=Am*sin(20 * x);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(s);grid on;
title('Analog Signal');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');
% Quantization Process
vmax=Am;
vmin=-vmax;
del=(vmax-vmin)/L;
part=vmin:del:vmax; % level are between vmin and vmax with difference of
del
code=vmin-(del/2):del:vmax+(del/2); % Contaion Quantized values
[ind,q]=quantiz(s,part,code); % Quantization process
% ind contain index number and q contain quantized values
l1=length(ind);
l2=length(q);
for i=1:l1
if(ind(i)~=0) % To make index as binary decimal so started from 0 to N
ind(i)=ind(i)-1;
end
end
for i=1:l2
if(q(i)==vmin-(del/2)) % To make quantize value in between the levels
q(i)=vmin+(del/2);
end
end
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(q);
grid on; % Display the Quantize values
title('Quantized Signal');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');
y = lowpass(q,16000,1/400);
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(y);
grid on; % Display the Quantize values
title('Reconstructed Signal');
ylabel('Amplitude--->');
xlabel('Time--->');

Output:

3. Show the digital data using Encoding for above sampled and quantized
output for one cycle duration.

clc;
close all;
L=6;
n=400;
% Sampling Operation
x=0:2*pi/n:0.5*pi; % n1 number of samples have to be selected
Am = 1;
s=Am*sin(20 * x);
% Quantization Process
vmax=Am;
 vmin=-vmax;
del=(vmax-vmin)/L;
part=vmin:del:vmax; % level are between vmin and vmax with difference of
del
code=vmin-(del/2):del:vmax+(del/2); % Contaion Quantized values
[ind,q]=quantiz(s,part,code); % Quantization process
% ind contain index number and q contain quantized values
l1=length(ind);
l2=length(q);
for i=1:l1
if(ind(i)~=0) % To make index as binary decimal so started from 0 to N
ind(i)=ind(i)-1;
end
end
for i=1:l2
if(q(i)==vmin-(del/2)) % To make quantize value in between the levels
q(i)=vmin+(del/2);
end
end
%encoding
quant=max(q)/(2^3-1);
y=round(q/quant);
signe=uint8((sign(y)+1)/2);
out = dec2bin(abs(y)); % The first bit represents the sign of the number

Output :
LAB 6 communication System
Q1.Generate the ASK modulated signal for the
binary data [1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
0] and demodulate.

clc; clear
all; close
all;
%GENERATE CARRIER SIGNAL
Tb=1; fc=10;
t=0:Tb/100:1;
c=sqrt(2/Tb)*sin(2*pi*fc*t);
%generatemessage signal
N=10;
m=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
t1=0;
t2=Tb for
i=1:N
t=[t1:.01:t2]
if m(i)>0.5
m(i)=1;
m_s=ones(1,length(t));
else
m(i)=0;
m_s=zeros(1,length(t));
end
message(i,:)=m_s;
%product of carrier andmessage
ask_sig(i,:)=c.*m_s; t1=t1+
(Tb+.01); t2=t2+(Tb+.01);
%plot the messageand ASK signal
subplot(5,1,2);axis([0 N -2 2]);plot(t,message(i,:),'r');
title('message signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('m(t)');grid on
hold on
subplot(5,1,4);plot(t,ask_sig(i,:));
title('ASK signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('s(t)');grid on
hold on
end hold
off
%Plot the carrier signal and input binarydata
subplot(5,1,3);plot(t,c);
title('carrier signal');xlabel('t--->');ylabel('c(t)');grid on
subplot(5,1,1);stem(m);
title('binary data bits');xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');grid on
2
% ASK Demodulation
t1=0;t2=Tb
for i=1:N
t=[t1:Tb/100:t2]
%correlator
x=sum(c.*ask_sig(i,:));
%decision device
if x>0
demod(i)=1; else
demod(i)=0;
end t1=t1+
(Tb+.01);
t2=t2+(Tb+.01);
end
%plot demodulated binarydata bits
subplot(5,1,5);stem(demod);
title('ASK demodulated signal'); xlabel('n--->');ylabel('b(n)');
grid on;
2. Add the noise then perform the demodulation
and compute the BER, eye
pattern and I-Q characteristics.
clc; close
all;
num_bit=10; %number of bit
data=[1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0]; %random bit generation (1 or 0)
SNRdB=0:10; % SNR in dB
SNR=10.^(SNRdB/10);
for k = 1:length(SNRdB); %BER (error/bit) calculation for different SNR%
y=awgn(complex(data),SNRdB(k));
error=0;
R = 0;
M = [];
for c = 1:1:num_bit
if (y(c) > .5 && data(c) == 0) || (y(c) < .5 && data(c) == 1)
%logicaccording to BASK
error = error+1;
M = [M ~data(c)];
else
M = [M data(c)];
end
end
error = error / num_bit; %Calculate error/bit
M(k) = error;
end
semilogy(SNRdB,M,'o','linewidth',2.5),grid on,hold on;
BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(.5*sqrt(SNR));
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'r','linewidth',2.5),grid on,hold on;
title("Curve for Bit Error Rate verses SNR for Binary ASK modulation");
xlabel('SNR(dB)');
ylabel('BER');
legend('Simulation','Theoritical')
axis([0 10 10^-5 1]);
% Binary-ASK modulation
A1=10; % Amplitude of carrier signal for information 1
A2=5; % Amplitude of carrier signal for information 0
bp=.000001;
br=1/bp; % bit rate
f=br*10; % carrier frequency
t2=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
ss=length(t2);
n1=[];
for i=1:1:length(data)
if (data(i)==1)
y=A1*cos(2*pi*f*t2);
 else
y=A2*cos(2*pi*f*t2);
end n1=[n1
y];
end
t3=bp/99:bp/99:bp*length(data);
% eye-diagram
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = awgn(modSig, 35);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps);
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(5)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Information before Transmiting');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for ASK modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for(i=1:length(data)/2)
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=awgn(y, 10); % transmitting signal after modulation and added noise
tt=T/99:T/99:(T*length(data))/2;
figure(3)
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Wave form for inphase component in ASK modulation');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Wave form for Quadrature component in ASK modulation');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)-->');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('ASK modulated signal (sum of inphase and Quadrature phase signal)');
xlabel('Time(sec)');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)');
Rx_data=[];
Rx_sig=Tx_sig; % Received signal
for(i=1:1:length(data)/2)
%%XXXXXX inphase coherent dector XXXXXXX
Z_in=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*cos(2*pi*f*t);
% above line indicat multiplication of received &amp; inphase carred signal
Z_in_intg=(trapz(t,Z_in))*(2/T);% integration using trapizodial rull
if(Z_in_intg>0) % Decession Maker
Rx_in_data=1;
else
Rx_in_data=0;
end
%%XXXXXX Quadrature coherent dector XXXXXX
Z_qd=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*sin(2*pi*f*t);
%above line indicat multiplication ofreceived &amp; Quadphase carred signal
Z_qd_intg=(trapz(t,Z_qd))*(2/T);%integration using trapizodial rull
if (Z_qd_intg>0)% Decession Maker
Rx_qd_data=1;
else
Rx_qd_data=0;
end
Rx_data=[Rx_data Rx_in_data Rx_qd_data]; % Received Data vector
end
figure(4)
stem(Rx_data,'linewidth',3)
title('Information after Receiveing');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]),
grid on;
% Amplitude of carrier signal for information 0
bp=.000001;
br=1/bp; % bit rate
f=br*10; % carrier frequency
t2=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
ss=length(t2);
n1=[];
for i=1:1:length(data)
if (data(i)==1)
y=A1*cos(2*pi*f*t2);
else
y=A2*cos(2*pi*f*t2);
end n1=[n1
y];
end
t3=bp/99:bp/99:bp*length(data);
% eye-diagram
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = pskmod(data,4,pi/4);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps);
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(5)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Information before Transmiting');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for ASK modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for(i=1:length(data)/2)
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=y; % transmitting signal after modulation tt=T/99:T/99:
(T*length(data))/2;
figure(3)
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Wave form for inphase component in ASK modulation');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3),
grid on;
title('Wave form for Quadrature component in ASK modulation');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)-->');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('ASK modulated signal (sum of inphase and Quadrature phase signal)');
xlabel('Time(sec)');
ylabel('Amplitude(V)');
Rx_data=[];
Rx_sig=Tx_sig; % Received signal
for(i=1:1:length(data)/2)
%%XXXXXX inphase coherent dector XXXXXXX
Z_in=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*cos(2*pi*f*t);
% above line indicat multiplication of received &amp; inphase carred signal
Z_in_intg=(trapz(t,Z_in))*(2/T);% integration using trapizodial rull
if(Z_in_intg>0) % Decession Maker
Rx_in_data=1;
else
Rx_in_data=0;
end
%%XXXXXX Quadrature coherent dector XXXXXX
Z_qd=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*sin(2*pi*f*t);
%above line indicat multiplication ofreceived &amp; Quadphase carred signal
Z_qd_intg=(trapz(t,Z_qd))*(2/T);%integration using trapizodial rull
if (Z_qd_intg>0)% Decession Maker
Rx_qd_data=1;
else
Rx_qd_data=0;
end
Rx_data=[Rx_data Rx_in_data Rx_qd_data]; % Received Data vector
end
figure(4)
stem(Rx_data,'linewidth',3)
title('Information after Receiveing');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]),
grid on;
Q3.Compare the BER, eye pattern and I-Q
characteristics for with and
without noise cases.
clc; close
all;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(1)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Information before Transmiting ');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for ASK modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for i=1:length(data)/2
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=y; % transmitting signal after modulation tt=T/99:T/99:
(T*length(data))/2;
figure(2)
subplot(4,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Wave form for Inphase component in ASK modulation (SNR = 10) ');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel(' Amplitude(V)-->');
subplot(4,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Wave form for Quadrature component in ASK modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel(' Amplitude(V)-->');
subplot(4,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('ASK without Noise');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel(' Amplitude(V)-->');
Tx_sig=awgn(y, 10); % transmitting signal after modulation and noise
subplot(4,1,4);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('ASK with Noise');
xlabel('Time(sec)-->');
ylabel(' Amplitude(V)-->');
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = pskmod(data,4,pi/4);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps);
 Lab 7 communication System

1. Generate the BPSK modulated signal for the

binary data [1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 0] and demodulate.

clc; clear
all; close
all;
% Transmitted signal
x_inp = [1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
N = length(x_inp);
Tb = 0.0001;
disp('Binary Input Information at Transmitter: ');
disp(x_inp);
% Represent transmitted signal as digital signal
x_bit=[];
nb=100;
for n=1:1:N
if x_inp(n)==1;
x_bitt=ones(1,nb);
else x_inp(n)==0;
x_bitt=zeros(1,nb);
end
x_bit=[x_bitx_bitt];
end
t1=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:nb*N*(Tb/nb);
f1 = figure(1);
set(f1,'color',[1 1 1]);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t1,x_bit,'lineWidth',2, 'color', 'black');
grid on;
axis([ 0 Tb*N -0.5 1.5]);
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' Time(sec)');
title('Digitalized Input Signal');
% BPSK Modulation
Ac=5;
mc=4;
fc=mc*(1/Tb);
fi1=0;
fi2=pi;
t2=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
t2L=length(t2);
x_mod=[];
for (i=1:1:N)
if (x_inp(i)==1)
x_mod0=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t2+fi1);
else
x_mod0=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t2+fi2);
end
x_mod=[x_mod x_mod0];
end
t3=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb*N;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t3,x_mod, 'color', 'red');
xlabel('Time(sec)');
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
title('Signal of BPSK modulation ');
x=x_mod;
h=1;
w=0;
y=h.*x+w;
% BPSK Demodulation
y_dem=[];
for n=t2L:t2L:length(y)
t=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
c=cos(2*pi*fc*t);
y_dem0=c.*y((n-(t2L-1)):n);
t4=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
z=trapz(t4,y_dem0);
A_dem=round((2*z/Tb));
if(A_dem>Ac/2)
A=1;
else
A=0;
end y_dem=[y_dem
A]; end
x_out=y_dem;
xx_bit=[];
for n=1:length(x_out);
if x_out(n)==1;
xx_bitt=ones(1,nb);
else x_out(n)==0;
xx_bitt=zeros(1,nb);
end
xx_bit=[xx_bitxx_bitt];
end
t4=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:nb*length(x_out)*(Tb/nb);
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t4,xx_bit,'LineWidth',2);grid on;
axis([ 0 Tb*length(x_out) -0.5 1.5]);
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' Time(sec)');
title('Output signal as digital signal');
2. Add the noise to BPSK then perform the
demodulation and compute the BER, eye
pattern and I-Q characteristics.
clc; clear
all; close
all;
% Transmitted signal
x_inp = [1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
N = length(x_inp);
Tb = 0.0001;
disp('Binary Input Information at Transmitter: ');
disp(x_inp);
% Represent transmitted signal as digital signal
x_bit=[];
nb=100;
for n=1:1:N
if x_inp(n)==1;
x_bitt=ones(1,nb);
else x_inp(n)==0;
x_bitt=zeros(1,nb);
end
x_bit=[x_bitx_bitt];
end
t1=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:nb*N*(Tb/nb);
f1 = figure(1);
set(f1,'color',[1 1 1]);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t1,x_bit,'lineWidth',2, 'color', 'black');
grid on;
axis([ 0 Tb*N -0.5 1.5]);
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' Time(sec)');
title('Digitalized Input Signal');
% BPSK Modulation
Ac=5;
mc=4;
fc=mc*(1/Tb);
fi1=0;
fi2=pi;
t2=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
t2L=length(t2);
x_mod=[];
for (i=1:1:N)
if (x_inp(i)==1)
x_mod0=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t2+fi1);
else
x_mod0=Ac*cos(2*pi*fc*t2+fi2);
end
x_mod = awgn([x_mod x_mod0], 1);
end
t3=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb*N;
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t3,x_mod, 'color', 'red');
% axis([0 1 -5 5]);
xlabel('Time(sec)');
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
title('Signal of BPSK modulation ');
x = x_mod;
h=1;
w=0;
y=h.*x+w;
% BPSK Demodulation
y_dem=[];
for n=t2L:t2L:length(y)
t=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
c=cos(2*pi*fc*t);
y_dem0=c.*y((n-(t2L-1)):n);
t4=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:Tb;
z=trapz(t4,y_dem0);
A_dem=round((2*z/Tb));
if(A_dem>Ac/2)
A=1;
else
A=0;
end
y_dem = [y_dem A];
end
x_out=y_dem;
xx_bit=[];
for n=1:length(x_out);
if x_out(n)==1;
xx_bitt=ones(1,nb);
else x_out(n)==0;
xx_bitt=zeros(1,nb);
end
xx_bit=[xx_bitxx_bitt];
end
t4=Tb/nb:Tb/nb:nb*length(x_out)*(Tb/nb);
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t4,xx_bit,'LineWidth',2);grid on;
axis([ 0 Tb*length(x_out) -0.5 1.5]);
ylabel('Amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' Time(sec)');
title('Output signal as digital signal');
num_bit=10;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
s=2*data-1;
SNRdB=0:10;
SNR=10.^(SNRdB/10);
for(k=1:length(SNRdB))
y=awgn(complex(s),SNRdB(k));
error=0;
for(c=1:1:num_bit)
if (y(c)>0&&data(c)==0)||(y(c)<0&&data(c)==1)
error=error+1;
end
end
error=error/num_bit;
m(k)=error;
end
figure(1)
semilogy(SNRdB,m,'o','linewidth',2.5),gridon,hold on;
BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR));
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'r','linewidth',2.5);
title(' curve for Bit Error Rate verses SNR for Binary PSK modulation');
xlabel(' SNR(dB)');
ylabel('BER');
legend('simulation','theorytical')
axis([0 10 10^-5 1]);
clc; close
all;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(1)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Information before Transmiting ');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for(i=1:length(data)/2)
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=y; % transmitting signal after modulation tt=T/99:T/99:
(T*length(data))/2;
figure(2)
y_in = awgn(y_in, 10);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title('BPSK wave form for inphase component in modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
y_qd = awgn(y_qd, 10);
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title('BPSK wave form for Quadrature component in modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
Tx_sig = awgn(Tx_sig, 10);
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('BPSK modulated signal (sum of inphase and Quadrature phase signal) (SNR
=
10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
Rx_data=[];
Rx_sig=Tx_sig; % Received signal
for(i=1:1:length(data)/2)
%%XXXXXX inphase coherent dector XXXXXXX
Z_in=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*cos(2*pi*f*t);
% above line indicat multiplication of received &inphasecarred signal
Z_in_intg=(trapz(t,Z_in))*(2/T);% integration using trapizodialrull
if(Z_in_intg>0) % Decession Maker
Rx_in_data=1;
else
Rx_in_data=0;
end
%%XXXXXX Quadrature coherent dector XXXXXX
Z_qd=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*sin(2*pi*f*t);
%above line indicat multiplication ofreceived&Quadphasecarred signal
Z_qd_intg=(trapz(t,Z_qd))*(2/T);%integration using trapizodialrull
if (Z_qd_intg>0)% Decession Maker
Rx_qd_data=1;
else
Rx_qd_data=0;
end
Rx_data=[Rx_dataRx_in_dataRx_qd_data]; % Received Data vector
end
% figure(3)
% stem(Rx_data,'linewidth',3)
% title('Information after Receiveing ');
% axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]), grid on;
3. Compare the BER, eye pattern and I-Q
characteristics for with and without noise
cases.
Code
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = pskmod(data,4,pi/4);
modSig = awgn(modSig, 100);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps, 'label');
clc;
close all;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(1)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Information before Transmiting ');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for QPSK modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for(i=1:length(data)/2)
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=awgn(y, 10); % transmitting signal after modulation tt=T/99:T/99:
(T*length(data))/2;
figure(2)
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' wave form for inphase component in QPSK modulation (SNR = 10) ');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' wave form for Quadrature component in QPSK modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title('QPSK modulated signal (sum of inphase and Quadrature phase signal) (SNR
=
10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
Rx_data=[];
Rx_sig=Tx_sig; % Received signal
for(i=1:1:length(data)/2)
%%XXXXXX inphase coherent dector XXXXXXX
Z_in=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*cos(2*pi*f*t);
% above line indicat multiplication of received &inphasecarred signal
Z_in_intg=(trapz(t,Z_in))*(2/T);% integration using trapizodialrull
if(Z_in_intg>0) % Decession Maker
Rx_in_data=1;
else
Rx_in_data=0;
end
%%XXXXXX Quadrature coherent dector XXXXXX
Z_qd=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*sin(2*pi*f*t);
%above line indicat multiplication ofreceived&Quadphasecarred signal
Z_qd_intg=(trapz(t,Z_qd))*(2/T);%integration using trapizodialrull
if (Z_qd_intg>0)% Decession Maker
Rx_qd_data=1;
else
Rx_qd_data=0;
end
Rx_data=[Rx_dataRx_in_dataRx_qd_data]; % Received Data vector
end
figure(3)
stem(Rx_data,'linewidth',3)
title('Information after Receiveing ');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]), grid on;
4. Generate the FSK modulated signal for the
binary data [1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0] and
demodulate.
clc; clear
all; close
all;
x=[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
bp=.000001;
% Transmitted Signal
bit=[];
for n=1:1:length(x)
if x(n)==1;
se=ones(1,100);
else x(n)==0;
se=zeros(1,100);
end
bit=[bit se];
end
t1=bp/100:bp/100:100*length(x)*(bp/100);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t1,bit,'lineWidth',2.5, 'color', 'red');
grid on;
axis([ 0 bp*length(x) -.5 1.5]);
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' time(sec)');
title('transmitted information');
% Binary-FSK modulation
A=5;
br=1/bp;
f1=br*8;
f2=br*2;
t2=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
ss=length(t2);
m=[];
for (i=1:1:length(x))
if (x(i)==1)
y=A*cos(2*pi*f1*t2);
else
y=A*cos(2*pi*f2*t2);
end
m=[m y];
end
t3=bp/99:bp/99:bp*length(x);
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t3,m, 'color', 'black');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
title('FSK modulated signal');
% Binary FSK demodulation
mn=[];
for n=ss:ss:length(m)
t=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
y1=cos(2*pi*f1*t);
y2=cos(2*pi*f2*t);
mm=y1.*m((n-(ss-1)):n);
mmm=y2.*m((n-(ss-1)):n);
t4=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
z1=trapz(t4,mm) % integration
z2=trapz(t4,mmm) % integration
zz1=round(2*z1/bp)
zz2= round(2*z2/bp)
if(zz1>A/2) % logic lavel= (0+A)/2 or (A+0)/2 or 2.5 ( in this case)
a=1;
else(zz2>A/2)
a=0;
end mn=[mn
a]; end
% digital signal after demodulation
bit=[];
for n=1:length(mn);
if mn(n)==1;
se=ones(1,100);
else mn(n)==0;
se=zeros(1,100);
end
bit=[bit se];
end
t4=bp/100:bp/100:100*length(mn)*(bp/100);
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t4,bit,'LineWidth',2.5);grid on;
axis([ 0 bp*length(mn) -.5 1.5]);
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' time(sec)');
title('received information ');
5. Add the noise to FSK then perform the
demodulation and compute the BER, eye
pattern and I-Q characteristics.
clc; clear
all; close
all;
x=[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
bp=.000001;
bit=[];
for n=1:1:length(x)
if x(n)==1;
se=ones(1,100);
else x(n)==0;
se=zeros(1,100);
end
bit=[bit se];
end
t1=bp/100:bp/100:100*length(x)*(bp/100);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(t1,bit,'lineWidth',2.5, 'color', 'red');
grid on;
axis([ 0 bp*length(x) -.5 1.5]);
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' time(sec)');
title('transmitted information');
A=5;
br=1/bp;
f1=br*8;
f2=br*2;
t2=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
ss=length(t2);
m=[];
for (i=1:1:length(x))
if (x(i)==1)
y=A*cos(2*pi*f1*t2);
else
y=A*cos(2*pi*f2*t2);
end
m=[m y];
end
t3=bp/99:bp/99:bp*length(x);
t3 = awgn(t3, 160);
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(t3,m, 'color', 'black');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
title('FSK modulated signal');
mn=[];
for n=ss:ss:length(m)
t=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
y1=cos(2*pi*f1*t);
y2=cos(2*pi*f2*t);
mm=y1.*m((n-(ss-1)):n);
mmm=y2.*m((n-(ss-1)):n);
t4=bp/99:bp/99:bp;
z1=trapz(t4,mm);
z2=trapz(t4,mmm);
zz1=round(2*z1/bp);
zz2= round(2*z2/bp);
if(zz1>A/2)
a=1;
else(zz2>A/2)
a=0;
end mn=[mn
a]; end
bit=[];
for n=1:length(mn)
if mn(n)==1;
se=ones(1,100);
else mn(n)==0;
se=zeros(1,100);
end
bit=[bit se];
end
t4=bp/100:bp/100:100*length(mn)*(bp/100);
subplot(3,1,3)
plot(t4,bit,'LineWidth',2.5);grid on;
axis([ 0 bp*length(mn) -.5 1.5]);
ylabel('amplitude(volt)');
xlabel(' time(sec)');
title('received information ');
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num_bit=10;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
s=2*data-1;
SNRdB=0:10;
SNR=20.^(SNRdB/10);
for(k=1:length(SNRdB))
y=awgn(complex(s),SNRdB(k));
error=0;
for(c=1:1:num_bit)
if (y(c)>0&&data(c)==0)||(y(c)<0&&data(c)==1)
error=error+1;
end
end
error=error/num_bit;
m(k)=error;
end
figure(1)
semilogy(SNRdB,m,'o','linewidth',2.5),grid on,hold on;
BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR));
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'r','linewidth',2.5);
title(' curve for Bit Error Rate verses SNR for Binary FSK modulation');
xlabel(' SNR(dB)');
ylabel('BER');
legend('simulation','theorytical')
axis([0 10 10^-5 1]);
axis([0 10 10^-5 1]);
clc; close
all;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0]; % information
figure(1)
stem(data, 'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(' Information before Transmiting ');
axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]);
data_NZR=2*data-1; % Data Represented at NZR form for modulation
s_p_data=reshape(data_NZR,2,length(data)/2); % S/P convertion of data
br=10.^6; %Let us transmission bit rate 1000000
f=br; % minimum carrier frequency
T=1/br; % bit duration
t=T/99:T/99:T; % Time vector for one bit information
y=[];
y_in=[];
y_qd=[];
for(i=1:length(data)/2)
y1=s_p_data(1,i)*cos(2*pi*f*t); % inphase component
y2=s_p_data(2,i)*sin(2*pi*f*t) ;% Quadrature component
y_in=[y_in y1]; % inphase signal vector
y_qd=[y_qd y2]; %quadrature signal vector
y=[y y1+y2]; % modulated signal vector
end
Tx_sig=y; % transmitting signal after modulation tt=T/99:T/99:
(T*length(data))/2;
figure(2)
y_in = awgn(y_in, 10);
subplot(3,1,1);
plot(tt,y_in,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(FSK wave form for inphase component in modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
y_qd = awgn(y_qd, 10);
subplot(3,1,2);
plot(tt,y_qd,'linewidth',3), grid on;
title(FSK wave form for Quadrature component in modulation (SNR = 10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
Tx_sig = awgn(Tx_sig, 10);
subplot(3,1,3);
plot(tt,Tx_sig,'r','linewidth',3), grid on;
title(FSK modulated signal (sum of inphase and Quadrature phase signal) (SNR =
10)');
xlabel('time(sec)');
ylabel(' amplitude(volt0');
Rx_data=[];
Rx_sig=Tx_sig; % Received signal
for(i=1:1:length(data)/2)
%%XXXXXX inphase coherent dector XXXXXXX
Z_in=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*cos(2*pi*f*t);
% above line indicat multiplication of received &inphasecarred signal
Z_in_intg=(trapz(t,Z_in))*(2/T);% integration using trapizodialrull
if(Z_in_intg>0) % Decession Maker
Rx_in_data=1;
else
Rx_in_data=0;
end
%%XXXXXX Quadrature coherent dector XXXXXX
Z_qd=Rx_sig((i-1)*length(t)+1:i*length(t)).*sin(2*pi*f*t);
%above line indicat multiplication ofreceived&Quadphasecarred signal
Z_qd_intg=(trapz(t,Z_qd))*(2/T);%integration using trapizodialrull
if (Z_qd_intg>0)% Decession Maker
Rx_qd_data=1;
else
Rx_qd_data=0;
end
Rx_data=[Rx_dataRx_in_dataRx_qd_data]; % Received Data vector
end
% figure(3)
% stem(Rx_data,'linewidth',3)
% title('Information after Receiveing ');
% axis([ 0 11 0 1.5]), grid on;
6. Compare the BER, eye pattern and I-Q
characteristics for with and without noise cases.
Code
% eye diagram from fsk modulation with noise
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = fskmod(data,4,pi/4);
modSig = awgn(modSig, 100);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps, 'label');
% eye diagram from fsk modulation without noise
data = repmat([1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0], 1, 100);
modSig = fskmod(data,4,pi/4);
modSig = awgn(modSig, 100);
sps=1;
txfilter = comm.RaisedCosineTransmitFilter('OutputSamplesPerSymbol',sps);
txSig = txfilter(modSig);
eyediagram(txSig,2*sps, 'label');
clc;
clear all;
close all;
num_bit=10;
data=[1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0];
s=2*data-1;
SNRdB=0:10;
SNR=20.^(SNRdB/10);
for(k=1:length(SNRdB))
y=awgn(complex(s),SNRdB(k));
error=0;
for(c=1:1:num_bit)
if (y(c)>0&&data(c)==0)||(y(c)<0&&data(c)==1)
error=error+1;
end
end
error=error/num_bit;
m(k)=error;
end
figure(1)
semilogy(SNRdB,m,'o','linewidth',2.5),grid on,hold on;
BER_th=(1/2)*erfc(sqrt(SNR));
semilogy(SNRdB,BER_th,'r','linewidth',2.5);
title(' curve for Bit Error Rate verses SNR for Binary FSK modulation');
xlabel(' SNR(dB)');
ylabel('BER');
legend('simulation','theorytical')
axis([0 10 10^-5 1 ]);