Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

Solve a Finite Element: (1) Draw the Realistic Model, (2) Draw the Coordinate System, (3) Identify the Regions where an Element is Needed, (4) Draw the Finite Element Model
Showing the Elements Used and the Nodes, (5) Construct the Element Connectivity Table, (6) Construct the Stiffness Matrix for the Elements Considered

L −1 1 ]
[ L −1 1 ]
[
[ k ]= AE 1 −1 or [ k ]= Ak 1 −1 (Depending on if the Question is Based on Temperature or Stress/Strain), (7) Construct the Global Stiffness Matrix

[ ]
u1 u1 u2 u3 … un+1

[ ] [ ] [ ]
u1 … … … … …
u1 u1 u 2 u1 u2 u 3 u1 u n u n+1
u … … … ... …
→ [ k ]= u1 … … , [ k ] = u2 … … , …, [ k ] = u … … produce [ k ]= 2
( 1) ( 2) ( n)
, (8)
n
u3 … … … … …
u2 … … u3 … … un+1 … …
… … … … … …
un+1 … … … … …
Construct the Force/Heat Vector, (9) Consider the Boundary Conditions – You May Need to Use These to Find Reactional Forces, (10) Construct the Displacements/Temperatures

Vector, (11) Solve by the Equation { F }=[ k ] { u } or { q }=[ k ] { T }, (12) Calculate Other Quantities from the Results if Requested.

[ ]
Solve a Finite Element (3 Elements)

A 1 E1 − A 1 E1
0 0
L1 L1

{} {}
F1 − A 1 E1 A1 E1 A2 E2 −A 2 E 2 u1
+ 0
F2 L1 L1 L2 L2 u2
=
F3 − A 2 E2 A 2 E2 A3 E3 − A3 E3 u3
0 +
F4 L2 L2 L3 L3 u4
A3 E3 A3 E3
0 0
L3 L3

Solve a Finite Element (2 Elements)

[ ]
A1 E1 − A1 E1
0
L1 L1

{} {}
F1 u
− A1 E1 A 1 E1 A 2 E2 −A 2 E 2 1
F2 = + u2
L1 L1 L2 L2
F3 u3
− A2 E2 A2 E2
0
L2 L2

For Varying Cross-Sectional Area: Employ the Equation [ k ]=

( Ai + A j ) E 1
2L [−1 −11 ] as the Stiffness Matrix, Instead of the Constant Term A. As for the Body Force

Term Use
[ ]{ }
ΧL 2 1 A i
6 1 2 Aj

Interpolation: (1) Draw the Realistic Model, (2) Draw the Coordinate System, (3) Identify the Regions where an Element is Needed, (4) Draw the Finite Element Model Showing the
Elements Used and the Nodes, (5) Refer to the Appropriate Set of Shape Functions Below – Distinguish a Scalar Quantity from a Vector Quantity, (6) For a 2D Element Calculate the

Area of the Elements and the Coefficients for Each Node, (7) Calculate for N i , N j and/or N k , (8) Using the Interpolation Function, Interpolate for Request Quantity.

Linear Shape Functions for 1D Elements [Natural Coordinates] → N i= [ ]

x j −x
L
and N j= [ ]
x−x i
L
Interpolation Function for 1D Scalar Elements → φ=N i φi + N j φ j
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam
Interpolation Function for 1D Vector Elements → u=N i ui + N j u j and v=N i v i + N j v j
ai + bi x +c i y a j + b j x+ c j y
Linear Shape Functions for 2D Triangular Linear Elements [Natural Coordinates] → N i= and N j= and
2A 2A
a k +bk x+ c k y
Nk=
2A
Interpolation Function for 2D Triangular Linear Scalar Elements → φ=N i φi + N j φ j + N k φk
Interpolation Function for 2D Triangular Linear Vector Elements → u=N i ui + N j u j + N k uk and v=N i v i + N j v j+ N k v k

| |
1 xi yi
1
Area for a 2D Triangular Linear Element → A= 1 xj yj
2
1 xk yk

→ ai=x j y k −x k y j, a j=x k y i−x i y k, a k =x i y j−x j y i, b i= y j − y k , b j= y k − y i,

Coefficients for 2D Triangular Linear Element

b k = y i− y j, c i=x k −x j, c j=x i−x k , c k =x j−x i

Elasticity Formulation: The Complete Set of Finite Element Equations
→ Stiffness ¿ Thermal Expansion + Pressure oni+ Pressure on j+Body Forces+ Nodal Forces , In the Problem Identify

( Ai+ A j)
What is Present and Apply the Following Equation as Needed (No All the Terms Have to be Used), For Varying Area Replace the Term ‘A’ with , Except for Body Forces.
2
For Body, Forces Use
[ ]{ } the Equation
ΧL 2 1 A i
6 1 2 Aj
The Complete Set of FE Equations is

L [ −1 1 ] {u } 2 {1} { P }
=EAα ∆ T { }+ A p { }+ A p { }+
AE 1 −1 u −1 1 0 ΧAL 1 P
{ F }= i
+ x x
i
(X Represents the Force Per Unit Volume in the X-
1 j 0 1 j
Direction.)

2D Links – Truss Structures: Assuming Displacement Only Along the Link and No Bending 1) Draw the Realistic Model, (2) Draw the Global Coordinate System, (3) Identify the
Regions where an Element is Needed, (4) Draw the Finite Element Model Showing the Elements Used and the Nodes, (5) Determine the Global Coordinate of Each Node and Tabulate

1
( x j0−x i0) and
the Results, (6) Construct the Element Connectivity Table and Work Out the Direction Cosines (l and m)
[ 0 0 2
L= ( x j −xi ) + ( y j − y i 0
)]
0 2 2 ,
l=
L

[ ]
2 2
l lm −l −lm
( j i ) , (7) Construct the Stiffness Matrix for the Elements Considered by the Following Equation [ k 0 ]= AE lm m2 −lm −m2
y
0
− y
0

m= L −l 2 −lm 2
, (8)
L l lm
2 2
−lm −m lm m

{ }
F x ( Node 1 )
F y ( Node 1 )
{ 0
Construct the Global Stiffness Matrix, (9) Considering the Boundary Conditions at the Nodes for Force and Displacement, Construct the Force Vector F =} …
F x ( Node n )
F y ( Node n )
 { }
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

u ( Node1 )
v ( Node 1 )
{ 0
and the Displacements Vector u = } … , (10) Solve by the Equation { F 0 }= [ k 0 ] { u0 } for Forces is Required, (11) For Displacements, These Need to be
u ( Node n )
v ( Node n )

{}
0
ui

{}[ ]
0
ui l m 0 0 vi
Reconverted into the Local Coordinate System Through =
uj 0 0 l m u j0
0
vj

Beam Elements: Not to be Confused with Link Elements – Beam Elements Can Bend and Experience Displacement in Two Directions as opposed to Just One (1) Draw the Realistic
Model, (2) Draw the Coordinate System, (3) Identify the Regions where an Element is Needed, (4) Draw the Finite Element Model Showing the Elements Used and the Nodes, (5)

[ ]
12 6 L −12 6 L
EI 6 L 4 L2 −6 L 2 L2
Construct the Element Connectivity Table, (6) Construct the Stiffness Matrix for the Elements Considered [ k ]= , (7) Construct the
L −12 −6 L 12 −6 L
3
2 2
6 L 2 L −6 L 4 L
Global Stiffness Matrix, (8) Consider the Boundary Conditions in Terms of Shear Forces, Moments and Displacements (Linear and Angular), (9) Construct the Force Vector

{ } { }
Shear ( Node1 ) u ( Node 1 )
Moment ( Node1 ) θ ( Node 1 )
{ F }= … and the Displacements Vector { u } = … (Theta in Angle Unit Radians), (10) Solve by the Equation { F }=[ k ] { u } for
Shear ( Noden ) u ( Node n )
Moment ( Node n ) θ ( Node n )
Forces as Required.

Beam Elements (2 Elements):

E1 I 1 E1 I 1 E1 I 1 E2 I 2 E2 I 2 E2 I 2
a= 3
, b= 2
, c= , d=
3
, e=
2
and f =
L1 L1 L1 L2 L2 L2

[ u1u1 v 1 u2
12 a 6 b
v 2 6 b v 1 6 b 4 c −6 b 2 c u 2 −12 a −6 b 12 a −6 b v 2 6 b 2 c −6 b 4 c u 2 v 2 u 3
¿
¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
u 2 12 d 6 e ][

{ }[ ]{ }
F1 12a 6b −12 a 6b 0 0 u1
M1 6b 4 −6 b 2c 0 0 θ1
F2 −12 a −6 b 12 a+12 d 6 e−6 b −12 d 6 e u2
=
M2 6b 2c 6 e−6 b 4 c +4 f −6 e 2f θ2
F3 0 0 −12 d −6 e 12 d −6 e u3
M3 0 0 6e 2f −6 e 4f θ3
 [ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

12 E1 I 1 6 E1 I 1 −12 E1 I 1 6 E1 I 1
3 2 3 2
0 0
L1 L 1 L1 L1
6 E1 I 1 4 E1 I 1 −6 E1 I 1 2 E1 I 1

{} {}
0 0
F1 L1
2
L1 L1
2
L1 u1
M1 −6 E 1 I 1 12 E1 I 1 12 E 2 I 2 6 E2 I 2 6 E1 I 1 −12 E 2 I 2 6 E2 I 2 θ1
−12 2
+ −
F2 L L1 3 L2 3 L 22 L1 2 L 2
L22 u2
= 1 2
M2 6 E1 I 1 2 E1 I 1 6 E2 I 2 4 E1 I 1 4 E2 I 2 −6 E 2 I 2 2 E2 I 2 θ2
+
F3 L1
2
L1 L2 L1 L2 L2
2
L2 u3
M3 −12 E2 I 2 −6 E2 I 2 12 E2 I 2 −6 E2 I 2 θ3
0 0 3 2 3 2
L2 L2 L2 L2
6 E2 I 2 2 E2 I 2 −6 E 2 I 2 4 E2 I 2
0 0
L2
2
L2 L2
2
L2

2D Triangular Linear Elements:

{} [ ]
εx b 0 b j 0 bk 0
1 i
ε = ε y = [ B ] {u } and [ B ]= 0 ci 0 c j 0 ck whereby b i= y j − y k , b j= y k − y i, b k = y i− y j, c i=x k −x j,
2A
γ xy c i bi c j b j c k bk

| |
1 xi yi
1
c j=x i−x k , c k =x j−x i and A= 1 xj yj
2
1 xk yk

[ ] [ ]
1−ν ν 0 1 ν 0
E ν 1−ν 0 E ν 1 0
Plane Strain: [ D ] = Plane Stress: [ D ] =
( 1+ ν ) (1−2 ν ) 1−2 ν ( 1−ν ) 0 0
2 1−ν
0 0
2 2

[ ] [ ]
bi 0 b j 0 bk 0 1−ν ν 0
[ B ]= 1 0 ci 0 c j 0 ck and [ D ]= E ν 1−ν 0
2A ( 1+ ν ) (1−2 ν ) 1−2 ν
c i bi c j b j c k bk 0 0
2
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

[] {} { } {} {}
Complete Force Vector (2D Triangular Linear Elements):

¿ ¿ ¿
bi X px 0 px
ci Y py 0 py
EαΔT b j At X H ij t px { } H jk t p x H ik t 0
{ F }= + + + P Or or
2 ( 1−ν ) c j 3 Y 2 py 2 py 2 0
bk X 0 px px
ck Y 0 2 py 2 py

[ k ]= [ B ] T [ D ][ B ] tA

{}
σx
{ ε Mechanical }= { ε }− { ε Thermal } then { σ }= σ y =[ D ] {ε Mechanical }
τ xy

−υ
Out of Plane Stress: ε z= ( σ + σ ) +αΔT and Out of Plane Strain: σ z =υ ( σ x +σ y ) −EαΔT
E x y

2D Triangular Axisymmetric Elements:

[ ] [ ]
bi 0 bj 0 bk 0 1−ν ν ν 0
2 A Ni 2ANj 2A Nk ν 1−ν ν 0
1 0 0 0 E
[ B ]= r r r and [ D ]= ν ν 1−ν 0 and
2A ( 1+ ν ) (1−2 ν )
0 ci 0 cj 0 ck 1−2 ν
0 0 0
ci bi cj bj ck bk 2

[ k ]= [ B ] T [ D ][ B ] 2 π r A
Assuming the element is evaluated at its centroid since the matrix B is no longer constant. Therefore the stress gradient between the nodes is not large. The assumption does not hold for
large stress gradients – practically resolved by increasing the density of the elements. As a general rule, the elements at any stress concentration needs to be smaller and more compact to
account for the large stress gradient.

Complete Force Vector (2D Triangular Axisymmetric Elements):

{ }{ }
( 2 r i+ r j +r k ) R ( 2 r i+ r j ) pr

{}
1 ( 2 r i +r j+ r k ) Z ( 2 r i+ r j ) pz
EαΔT T 1 πA ( r i +2 r j +r k ) R π H ij ( r i +2 r j ) pr + { P }
{ F }= [ B] 2π r A+ +
1−2 ν 1 6 ( r i+2 r j+ r k ) Z 3 ( r i +2 r j ) pz
0 ( r i +r j+ 2r k ) R 0
( r i+r j +2 r k ) Z 0
 [ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

{ }{ }
f
bi 0 ci
r ( 2 r i +r j +r k ) R ( 2 r i +r j ) pr

{}
0 0 ci bi ( 2 r i +r j +r k ) Z
1 ( 2 r i+ r j ) p z
g
EαΔT b j 0 cj 1 πi ( r i +2 r j +r k ) R π H ij ( r i +2 r j ) pr + { P }
r πri+ +
1−2 ν 1 12 ( r i+ 2r j +r k ) Z 3 ( r i +2 r j ) p z
0 0 cj bj
0 ( r i +r j +2r k ) R
h 0
bk 0 ck 0
r ( r i+ r j +2 r k ) Z
0 0 ck bk

2D Quadrilateral Quadric Element:

Weighting
Gauss Point η ξ (w )
a -0.7746 -0.7746 25/81
b 0 -0.7746 40/81
c 0.7746 -0.77446 25/81
d -0.7746 0 40/81
e 0 0 64/81
f 0.7746 0 40/81
g -0.7746 0.7746 25/81
h 0 0.7746 40/81
k 0.7746 0.7746 25/81

∫ f ( x ) dx=w 1 f ( x1 ) + w2 f ( x 2 ) +w3 f ( x 3 ) + …+ w n f ( x n )
−1

[
z j −z k 0 z k −z i

1
( r j z k −r k z j ) + ( z j −z k ) r+ ( r k −r j ) z ( r k z i−r i z k ) + ( z k −z i ) r + ( r i−
[ B ]= 0
r r
√( r j
2 2
z k −r k z j ) + ( r i z k −r i z j ) + ( z i r k −z i r j )
2
0 r k −r j 0
r k −r j z j−z k r i−r k

[ ]
( r j z k −r k z j ) + ( z j−z k ) r + ( r k −r j ) z
z j−z k 0 r k −r j
r
0 0 r k −r j z j−z k

1
( r k z i−r i z k ) + ( z k −zi ) r +( r i−r k ) z
[B] =
T z k −z i 0 r i−r k
r
√ 2 2
( r j z k −r k z j ) + ( r i z k −r i z j ) +( zi r k −z i r j)
2
0 0 r i−r k z k −z i
( r i z j−r j z i ) + ( z i−z j ) r+ ( r j −r i ) z
z i−z j 0 r j−r i
r
0 0 r j−r i zi −z j
[ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

( r j z k −r k z j ) +( z j −z k ) r + ( r k −r j ) z
z j−z k 0 r k −r j

][
r

[
0 0 r k −r j z j−z k 1−ν ν ν 0 z j−z k
( r k z i−r i z k ) +( z k −z i ) r + ( r i −r k ) z ν 1−ν ν 0 ( r j z k −r k z j ) + ( z j−z k ) r + ( r k −
z k −zi 0 r i−r k ν ν 1−ν 0
r r
0 0 r i−r k z k −z i 1−2 ν 0
0 0 0
( r i z j−r j z i ) +( z i−z j ) r + ( r j−r i ) z 2 r −r
k j
z i−z j 0 r j−r i
r
0 0 r j −r i z i−z j

[ ]
g+ar + ( d ) z
a 0 d

][ ]
r

[
0 0 d a 1−ν ν ν 0 a 0 b 0 c 0
h+br + ez ν 1−ν ν 0 ( g ) + ( a ) r+ ( d ) z h+ br+ ez i+cr + fz
b 0 e 0 0 0
[ k ]= r ν ν 1−ν 0 r r r
0 0 e b 1−2 ν 0 d 0 e 0 f ( 1+ν ) ( 1
0 0 0
i+cr + ( f ) z 2 d a e b f c
c 0 f
r
0 0 f c

[ ]
g+ar + ( d ) z
a 0 d

][ ]
r

[
0 0 d a 1−ν ν ν 0 a 0 b 0 c 0
h+br + ez ν 1−ν ν 0 ( g ) + ( a ) r+ ( d ) z h+ br+ez i+cr +fz
b 0 e 0 0 0
[ k ]= r ν ν 1−ν 0 r r r
0 0 e b 1−2 ν 0 d 0 e 0 f ( 1+ν ) ( 1
0 0 0
i+cr + ( f ) z 2 d a e b f c
c 0 f
r
0 0 f c

a=z j−z k b=z k −z i c=z i−z j d=r k −r j e=r i −r k f =r j−r i g=r j z k −r k z j h=r k z i−r i z k i=r i z j−r j z i
, , , , , , , , ,

j=r i z k −r i z j k =z i r k −z i r j
and

[ D ][ B ] =
[ a (1−ν ) + ν

νa+ ( 1−ν )
( ( g )+ ( a)rr +( d ) z )
( g ) +( a ) r +( d ) z
r
νd

¿
b ( 1−ν )+ ν

¿ νa+ ν
( h+brr + ez )
( ( g )+ ( a)rr +( d ) z )
νd

¿
¿d ( 1−22 ν )¿ ¿¿¿ ]
 [ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

1−ν ν ν 0
ν 1−ν ν 0
E
and [ D ]= ν ν 1−ν 0 and [ k ]= [ B ] T [ D ][ B ] 2 π r A
( 1+ ν ) (1−2 ν ) 1−2 ν
0 0 0
2

Assuming the element is evaluated at its centroid since the matrix B is no longer constant. Therefore the stress gradient between the nodes is not large. The assumption does not hold for
large stress gradients – practically resolved by increasing the density of the elements. As a general rule, the elements at any stress concentration needs to be smaller and more compact to
account for the large stress gradient.

Complete Force Vector (2D Triangular Axisymmetric Elements):

{ }{ }
( 2 r i+ r j +r k ) R ( 2 r i+ r j ) pr

{}
1 ( 2 r i +r j+ r k ) Z ( 2 r i+ r j ) pz
EαΔT T 1 πA ( r i +2 r j +r k ) R π H ij ( r i +2 r j ) pr + { P }
{ F }= [ B] 2π r A+ +
1−2 ν 1 6 ( r i+2 r j+ r k ) Z 3 ( r i +2 r j ) pz
0 ( r i +r j+ 2r k ) R 0
( r i+r j +2 r k ) Z 0

[
( 2 A Ni ν 2 A N i
bi bi (1−ν ) +
r
+
r )
ν bi +
r (
2 A N i (1−ν ) c i ci ( 1−2 ν )
+
2 ) ν bi c i +ν c i
2 A N i bi c i ( 1−2 ν )
r
+
2
bi

ci ν bi +
r (
2 A Ni ν
+b i i
c ( 1−2 ν )
2 ) ( ) b b (1−2 ν )
( 1−ν ) c i c i + i i
2

T
[ B ] [ D ][ B ]=
(
b j bi ( 1−ν )+
2 A Niν 2 A Nj
r
+
r )
ν b i+
r (
2 A N i ( 1−ν ) c j c i ( 1−2 ν )
+
2 ) ν b j c i +ν c i
2 A N j b i c j ( 1−2 ν )
r
+
2
bj

c j ν bi +
r (
2 A Ni ν
+b j
c i (1−2 ν )
2 ) ( ) b b ( 1−2 ν )
( 1−ν ) c j c i + j i
2

(
bk bi (1−ν ) +
2 A Ni ν 2 A N k
r
+
r )
ν bi +
r (
2 A N i ( 1−ν ) c k c i ( 1−2 ν )
+
2 ) ν bk c i+ ν c i
2 A N k bi c k ( 1−2 ν )
r
+
2
bk (
c k ν bi +
r (
2 A Ni ν
+b k i
c ( 1−2 ν )
2 ) ( ) b b ( 1−2 ν )
( 1−ν ) c k c i + k i
2
 [ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

2 A Ni
bi 0 ci

][
r

[
0 0 ci bi 1−ν ν ν 0 bi 0 bj 0
2ANj ν 1−ν ν 0 2 A Ni 2ANj 2A
T πrE bj 0 cj 0 0
2 πrA [ B ] [ D ] [ B ] = r ν ν 1−ν 0 r r
( )(
2 A 1+ ν 1−2 ν )
0 0 cj bj 0 1−2 ν 0 ci 0 cj
0 0
2 A Nk 2 ci bi cj bj
bk 0 ck
r
0 0 c k bk

[ ]
2A Ni
bi 0 ci
r
0 0 ci bi
2 A Nj
[B] = bj 0 cj
T
r
0 0 cj bj
2A Nk
bk 0 ck
r
0 0 ck bk

[ ]
2 A Ni ν 2A N jν 2 A Nk ν
b i ( 1−ν ) + ν ci b j ( 1−ν ) + ν cj b k ( 1−ν ) + ν ck
r r r
2 A N i ( 1−ν ) 2 A N j ( 1−ν ) 2 A N k ( 1−ν )
ν b i+ ν ci ν b j+ ν cj ν bk+ ν ck
[ D ][ B ] = r r r
2 A Ni ν 2A N jν 2A Nkν
ν bi + ( 1−ν ) c i ν bj+ ( 1−ν ) c j ν bk + ( 1−ν ) c k
r r r
ci ( 1−2 ν ) bi (1−2 ν ) c j ( 1−2 ν ) b j ( 1−2 ν ) ck ( 1−2 ν ) bk ( 1−2 ν )
2 2 2 2 2 2

ai + bi r + c i z a j+ b j r +c j z ak +bk r +c k z
N i= N j= Nk=
2A 2A 2A

[ ][ ]
f
bi 0 ci
r νf νg νh
0 0 ci b i bi d+ r ν ci bj d +
r
ν c j bk d +
r
ν ck
g fd gd hd
T E bj 0 c j ν bi + ν ci ν b j+ ν cj ν bk + ν ck
[ B ] [ D ][ B ]= 2 r r r r
4 A (1+ν )( 1−2 ν ) 0 0 cj bj νf νg νh
ν bi + d ci ν b j+ d cj ν bk+ d ck
h r r r
bk 0 ck
r e ci e bi ecj ebj e ck e bk
0 0 ck bk
 [ ][
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

bi di 0 ci
( 1−ν ) b i+ ν d i ν ci ( 1−ν ) b j + ν d j νc j ( 1−ν ) b k + ν d k
0 0 ci bi
( 1−ν ) d i + ν b i ν ci ( 1−ν ) d j +ν b j νc j ( 1−ν ) d k + ν b k
πrE bj dj 0 cj
[ k ]= ν bi +ν d i ( 1−ν ) ci ν b j+ ν d j ( 1−ν ) c j ν bk + ν d k (1−
( 1+ ν ) ( 1−2 ν ) 2 A 0 0 c j bj
bk d k 0
0 0 ck
ck
bk
(
1−2 ν
2
ci ) ( 1−22 ν )b ( i
1−2 ν
2 ) cj ( 1−22 ν ) b ( j
1−2 ν
2 ) ck ( 1−
2

Node r z
i ri zi
i rj zj
k rk zk
r +r +r z +z + z
Centroid r = i j kz= i j k
3 3

[ ]
bi 0 ci
0 ci bi
1 bj 0 cj
BT=
2 A 0 cj bj
bk 0 ck
0 ck bk

[ ]
0 1 ν
E 0 ν 1
D= 2
1−ν 0 0 1−ν
2

[ ]
b 0 b j 0 bk 0
1 i
B= 0 ci 0 c j 0 ck
2A
ci bi c j b j ck b k

[ []
bi 0 c i

]
0 ci bi bi ν ci bj ν cj bk ν ck
Et b 0 c ν bi ci ν bj cj ν bk ck
k= j j

4 A ( 1−ν ) 0 c j b j 1−ν c
2
1−ν
b
1−ν
cj
1−ν
bj
1−ν
c
1−ν
b
bk 0 c k 2 i 2 i 2 2 2 k 2 k
0 ck bk
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

[
1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν
b i b i+
cc ν bi ci + cb bib j+ cc ν bi c j + cb bi bk + cc νb
2 i i 2 i i 2 i j 2 i j 2 i k
1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν
ν bi ci + c i b i c i c i+ bi bi ν b j c i+ c jbi ci c j + bi b j ν bk c i + c b ci
2 2 2 2 2 k i
1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν
b j b i+ ci c j ν b j ci + c j bi b j b j + c j c j ν b j c j+ c j b j b j bk + c j ck ν b
Et 2 2 2 2 2
[ k ]=
4 A ( 1−ν 2) ν b c + 1−ν c b c i c j+
1−ν
bb ν b j c j+
1−ν
c jb j c j c j+
1−ν
b j b j ν b k c j+
1−ν
c b cj
i j
2 i j 2 i j 2 2 2 k j
1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν
b k b i+ ci ck ν bk ci + ck bi bk b j + ck c j ν bk c j + c k b j b k bk + c c νb
2 2 2 2 2 k k
1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν 1−ν
ν bi c k + c i b k c i ck+ b i b k ν b j c k+ c jbk ck c j + bk b j ν b k ck+ c b ck
2 2 2 2 2 k k

[ ] { } { } [
f f
bi 0 ci bi
r ( 2 r i +r j +r k ) R ( 2 r i + r j ) pr r
0 0 ci bi 0 0

{}
1 ( 2 r i +r j +r k ) Z ( 2r i+ r j ) pz
πi ( r i +2 r j +r k ) R π √( r i −r j ) + ( z i− z j )
g 2 2 g
EαΔT b j 0 cj 1 ( r i +2 r j ) pr + { P }= Eπr bj
r πri+ + r
1−2 ν 1 12 ( r i+2r j +r k ) Z 3 ( r i +2 r j ) pz i (1+ν ) (1−2 ν )
0 0 cj bj 0 0 c
0 ( r i +r j +2r k ) R
h 0 h
bk 0 ck 0 bk
r ( r i+r j +2 r k ) Z r
0 0 ck bk 0 0 c

Node r z a b c d=1−ν
1−2 ν
i ri zi a i=r j z k −r kbzij=z j−z k c i=r k −r j e=
2
j rj zj a j=r k z i−r i bz kj=z k − zi c j=r i−r k f =a i+ bi r+ c i z
k rk zk a k =r i z j−r jbzki =z i−z j c k =r j−r i g=a j+ b j r +c j z
r +r +r z + z + zk
Centroid r = i j kz= i j i=
3 3
√ 2 2
( r j z k −r k z j ) + ( r i z j−r i z k ) + ( r k zh=a
2
i )bk r +c k z
i −r jkz+

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_

[ ]
bi 0 ci

[ ][ ]
0 ci bi 1−ν ν 0
bi 0 b j 0 b k 0
T Et bj 0 cj ν 1−ν 0
[ k ]=tA [ B ] [ D ] [ B ] = 0 ci 0 c j 0 c k
4 A ( 1+ν ) ( 1−2 ν ) 0 c j bj 0 1−2 ν
0 ci bi c j b j ck bk
bk 0 ck 2
0 ck bk
 [ ]
Property of Matthew Curmi – Finite Element Analysis Cheat Sheet – Written Exam

bi ( 1−ν ) bi ν ( 1−22 ν )
ci

b(
2 )
1−2 ν
ci ν c i ( 1−ν ) i

c(
2 )
[ ]
1−2 ν
b j (1−ν ) bjν j bi 0 b j 0 bk 0
Et
¿ 0 c i 0 c j 0 ck
b(
2 )
4 A ( 1+ν )( 1−2 ν ) 1−2 ν
cjν c j ( 1−ν ) j c i bi c j b j c k bk

c (
2 )
1−2 ν
bk ( 1−ν ) bk ν k

b(
2 )
1−2 ν
ck ν c k ( 1−ν ) k

[ ]
b i bi f + c i c i e ci bi ν + ci c i e bi b j f + ci c j e c j bi ν + c j ci e bi b k f + c i c k e c k bi ν +c k c i e
c i b i ν+ bi ci e c i c i f +b i b i e c i b j ν + bi c j e c i c j f +b i b j e ci b k ν+ bi c k e c i c k f +bi bk e
Et b j bi f + c j c i e c i b j ν + ci c j e b jb j f +c j c j e c j bj ν + c j c j e b j bk f + c j c k e ck b j ν +c k c j e
[ k ]=
4 A ( 1+ ν ) (1−2 ν ) c j b i ν+ b j c i e c j c i f +b j bi e c j bj ν + bj c j e c j c j f +b j b j e c j b k ν+ b j c k e c j c j f + bj bk e
b k bi f + c k c i e ci bk ν + ci c k e bk b j f + ck c je c j bk ν + c j c k e bk b k f + c k c k e c k b k ν +c k c k e
c k b i ν+ bk c i e c k c i f +b k bi e c k b j ν + bk c j e c k c j f +b k b j e ck b k ν+ bk c k e c k c k f +bk b k e

whereby e= ( 1−22 ν ) and f =( 1−ν )