Chapter 13 – Fluids in Motion

1. A liquid flows through a tube having a diameter of 15.0 m. If its average speed is 15.0 m/min, find its
rate of flow.
2. How much higher than a faucet must the surface of the water in a reservoir be if the pressure at the
faucet is 60 lb/in2?
Ans. 138.5 ft
3. Liquid flows in a pipe of inside diameter 1.5 in at an average speed of 3.5 ft/s. What is the rate of
flow in gallons per minute? (1 gal = 231 in 3.)
4. Water flows from a pipe of 2.0 cm internal diameter at the rate of 8.0 L/min. What is the speed of
the water in the pipe?
Ans. 42 cm/s
5. What is the kinetic energy of each cubic meter of water in a stream that is moving with a speed of
20 m/s?
6. It has been estimated that a man’s heart is about 33 cm below his brain. Considering the density of
human blood to be 1.1 x 103 kg/m3, what pressure must the heart produce to supply blood to the
brain.
Ans. 3.59 x 103 N/m2
7. Liquid of specific gravity 0.90 flows in a horizontal tube 6.0 cm in diameter. In a section where the
tube is constricted to 4.2 cm in diameter, the liquid pressure is less than that in the main tube by
16,000 dyn/cm2. Calculate the speed of the liquid in the tube.
Ans. 110 cm/s
8. Water flows normally through a 12-in pipe at the rate of 80 gal/min. At a point in the pipe an 8-in-
diameter constriction exists. Find the velocity in feet per second at this constriction. (1 gal = 231 in 3
and 1 ft3 = 1,728 in3).
Ans. 0.51 ft/s
9. How much work is done in forcing 50 ft 3 of water through a ½-in pipe if the difference in pressure at
the two ends of the pipe is 15 lb/in 2?
10. A horizontal pipe has a diameter of 12 in and a constriction having a diameter of 8 in. If the pressure
within the pipe is 30 lb/in 2 and the water flows at 16 ft/s, find the velocity and pressure at the
constriction.
Ans. 36 ft/s; 23.0 lb/in2
11. A horizontal pipe of cross section 4.0 in 2 has a constriction of cross section 1.0 in2. Gasoline (weight-
density 42 lb/ft3) flows with a speed of 6.0 ft/s in the large pipe, where the pressure is 10.0 lb/in 2.
Find (a) the speed and (b) the pressure in the constriction.
12. Find the terminal velocity of a copper pellet 4 mm in diameter falling in a beaker of glycerin. Density
of copper is 8.9 g/cm3; density of glycerin is 1.3 g/cm3. Viscosity of glycerin is about 8.3 P.
Ans. 8 cm/s
13. Water flows steadily through a pipe at the rate 64 ft 3/min. A pressure gauge placed on a section of
the pipe where the diameter is 4.0 in reads 16 lb/in 2. Determine the pressure in a section of the pipe
where the diameter is constricted to 2.0 in.
14. Calculate the maximum speed with which water at atmospheric pressure can flow past an obstacle
without breaking into turbulent flow. Use Bernoulli’s principle and neglect viscous drag.
Ans. 14 m/s

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 Chapter 13 – Fluids in Motion

15. Water flowing at 1.0 ft/s in a pipe passes into a constriction whose area is one-tenth the normal pipe
area. What is the decrease in water pressure in the constriction? The weight-density of water is 62.4
lb/ft3.
16. In a wind-tunnel experiment the pressure at the upper surface of an airfoil is found to be 12.95
lb/in2, while the pressure at the lower surface is 13.05 lb/in 2. What is the lifting force of a wing of
this design if it has a span of 24 ft and a width of 5.0 ft?
Ans. 1,700 lb
17. An airplane weighing 800 lb has a wing area of 120 ft 2. What difference in pressure on the two sides
of the wing is required to sustain the plane in level flight?
18. Water flows through a 2-in opening in the side of a tank. If the opening is 8 ft below the surface of
the water, what volume of water would escape from the tank per minute?
Ans. 29.7 ft3/min
19. Water in a storage tank stands 4.0 m above the level of a valve in the side of the tank. (a) With what
speed will water come out of the valve if friction is negligible? (b) To what height will this water rise
if the opening in the outlet tube is directed upward?
20. A horizontal stream of water leaves an opening in the side of a tank. If the opening is 1 m above the
ground and the stream hits the ground 2 m away, what is the speed of the water as it leaves the
tank and what gauge pressure pushes on it?
Ans. 4.4 m/s; 9.85 x 103 N/m2.
21. A stream of water escapes from a hole 2.0 m above the base of a standpipe and strikes the ground
at a horizontal distance of 15.0 m. How far below the surface of the water is the hole?
22. Water flows through an opening at the bottom of a tank at a rate of 4 ft 3/min. The water in the tank
is 24 ft deep. If 16 lb/in 2 added pressure is applied to the surface , at what rate does the water leave
the tank?
Ans. 6.39 ft3/min.
23. A 1.0-kg pail will hold 10.0 kg of water. Water from a faucet fills the pail in 12.0 s. At the instant
when the pail is half full, the scales on which it is supported read 6.5 kg. What is the velocity of the
flowing water at that instant, on the assumption that no splashing takes place?
24. Water is being discharged through a circular orifice having a diameter of 5 cm. What is the speed of
discharge and the rate of flow if the orifice is 3 cm below the surface of the water?
Ans. 7.66 m/s; 2.41 x 10-3 m3/s
25. Castle Geyser at Yellowstone shoots a spire of water 76.0 m into the air. By how much must the
pressure at its base exceed atmospheric pressure?
26. What is the velocity with which water escapes through an opening in the side of a tank if the
pressure at that point is 2,000 N/m 2 above the pressure of the atmosphere; and if the pressure is 30
lb/in2 above atmospheric pressure?
Ans. 2 m/s; 66.6 ft/s
27. It is desired to refuel an airplane at the rate of 50 gal/min (1.0 ft3 = 7.5 gal). The fuel line is a 3.0-in
hose connected to a pump 3.0 ft above ground; a 2.0-in nozzle delivers the gasoline (specific gravity
0.72) to the airplane 15.0 ft above the ground. Find (a) the speed of the fuel at the nozzle, (b) the
speed of the fuel in the line near the pump, and (c) the pressure in the line near the pump.

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 Chapter 13 – Fluids in Motion

28. The pressure at an opening in the side of a tank of water is 40 lb/in 2 greater than atmospheric
pressure. What will the velocity of the water be as it leaves the opening?
Ans. 77 ft/s
29. A tank is filled to a depth of 3.0 m with salt water having specific gravity 1.10. If there is a small hole
in the side of the tank 0.5 m above its bottom, with what speed will water flow out?
30. Water is flowing through a pipe at 120 ft 3/min. A gauge located where the pipe has a diameter of 4
in reads 50 lb/in2. What will a second gauge placed where the pipe has a diameter read if both
gauges are at the same horizontal level?
Ans. 42.4 lb/in2.
31. A turbine is driven by water which falls from a height of 60 ft. If the flow rate is 480 ft 3/min,
determine the maximum power that can be produced.
32. If the second gauge in Prob. 30 is placed 5 ft lower than the first gauge, what pressure will be read?
Ans. 44.6 lb/in2.
33. The speed of a vacuum pump, the volume of gas it will extract from a container per unit time, is
nearly independent of pressure over a wide range of pressures. When a pump with a speed of 10
L/min is connected to a closed system containing air at an initial pressure of 76.0 cm Hg, the
pressure is observed to drop to 38.0 cm Hg in 6.00 s. Calculate the approximate time required to
reduce the pressure to 0.100 mm Hg.
END